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Simmons T, Quattlebaum M, Martin P, Wilson DK. Strength-based strategies for addressing racial stressors in African American families: lessons learned from developing the LEADS health promotion intervention. J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s10865-024-00509-y. [PMID: 39126610 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Recognizing the real-life impact of racial stress on physical and psychological health is vital for creating impactful health promotion interventions among African American families. Despite the known link between racial stress and poor physical health outcomes, no existing intervention to date has targeted stress management strategies to buffer racial stress and build positive health behaviors among African American families. The current study outlines the lessons learned throughout the development of the Linking Exercise for Advancing Daily Stress (LEADS) Management and Resilience program, a 10-week family-based health promotion, stress management, and resilience intervention that aimed to improve physical activity, healthy eating, and well-being among African American adolescents and parents. We highlight the evolution of the LEADS intervention from a health promotion and stress management intervention to a culturally salient health promotion, stress management, and resilience intervention utilizing community-based participatory research strategies. This paper chronicles our systematic journey in making those changes and the lessons we learned along the way. We provide specific recommendations and implications for future health promotion interventions developed for African American families. Overall, we argue for a research orientation that respects cultural and racial contexts, embraces diversity within research teams and self-reflection, recognizes the heterogeneity among African American populations, and applies strength-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Simmons
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Mary Quattlebaum
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Pamela Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dawn K Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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2
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Comparing Predictors and Outcomes of Higher Allostatic Load across Zoo-Housed African Great Apes. JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL GARDENS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/jzbg4010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stressors over the lifespan can contribute to physiological dysregulation, or allostatic load. Allostatic load has been studied in humans using allostatic load indices (ALIs) for over 25 years, but the same methods are rarely applied to other species. We constructed an ALI for zoo-housed western lowland gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos and tested potential predictors of and health outcomes associated with allostatic load. Allostatic load scores ranged from 0–6 for gorillas and chimpanzees and 0–7 for bonobos. Age was significantly associated with allostatic load in gorillas and chimpanzees but not bonobos. Cumulative stressful events were positively associated with allostatic load in chimpanzees. Wild-caught gorillas had higher allostatic load than zoo-born conspecifics, but rearing differences between zoo-born animals were not significant for any species. Age may affect associations of allostatic load with stressful events and birthplace as results change when it is included as a covariate. Allostatic load was not retained in best-fit models for risk of all-cause morbidity, cardiac disease, or mortality risk. Some analyses herein were limited by the use of retrospective data, such as reason for sample collection and length of records provided for individual animals. Nevertheless, these data indicate additional research is needed to optimize ALIs for non-human primates.
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3
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Ahmed F, Liberda EN, Solomon A, Davey R, Sutherland B, Tsuji LJS. Indigenous Land-Based Approaches to Well-Being: The Niska (Goose) Harvesting Program in Subarctic Ontario, Canada. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3686. [PMID: 36834382 PMCID: PMC9958717 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Historically, goose harvesting provided a source of culturally significant, safe, and nutritious food for the Omushkego Cree of subarctic Ontario, Canada. Disruptions stemming from colonization and climate change have led to a decrease in harvesting, resulting in higher rates of food insecurity. The aim of the Niska program was to reconnect Elders and youth to revitalize goose harvesting activities and associated Indigenous knowledge within the community. The program and evaluation were built using a two-eyed seeing (Etuaptmumk) and community-based participatory research approach. Salivary cortisol, a biomedical measure of stress, was collected before (n = 13) and after (n = 13) participation in the spring harvest. Likewise, cortisol samples were collected before (n = 12) and after (n = 12) the summer harvest. Photovoice and semi-directed interviews were employed after the spring (n = 13) and summer (n = 12) harvests to identify key elements of well-being from an Indigenous perspective. The changes observed in cortisol levels for the spring (p = 0.782) and summer (p = 0.395) harvests were not statistically significant. However, there was a noteworthy increase in the subjective well-being observed through the qualitative measures (semi-directed interviews and photovoice), highlighting the importance of using multiple perspectives when assessing well-being, especially in Indigenous peoples. Future programs should incorporate multiple perspectives when addressing complex environmental and health issues, such as food security and environmental conservation, especially in Indigenous homelands worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ahmed
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Eric N. Liberda
- School of Occupation and Public Health, Faculty of Community Services, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Andrew Solomon
- Fort Albany First Nation, Fort Albany, ON P0L 1H0, Canada
| | - Roger Davey
- Fort Albany First Nation, Fort Albany, ON P0L 1H0, Canada
| | - Bernard Sutherland
- Peetabeck Academy, Mundo Peetabeck Education Authority, Fort Albany, ON P0L 1H0, Canada
| | - Leonard J. S. Tsuji
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
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Sandifer PA, Juster RP, Seeman TE, Lichtveld MY, Singer BH. Allostatic load in the context of disasters. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 140:105725. [PMID: 35306472 PMCID: PMC8919761 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Environmental disasters, pandemics, and other major traumatic events such as the Covid-19 pandemic or war contribute to psychosocial stress which manifests in a wide range of mental and physical consequences. The increasing frequency and severity of such events suggest that the adverse effects of toxic stress are likely to become more widespread and pervasive in the future. The allostatic load (AL) model has important elements that lend themselves well for identifying adverse health effects of disasters. Here we examine several articulations of AL from the standpoint of using AL to gauge short- and long-term health effects of disasters and to provide predictive capacity that would enable mitigation or prevention of some disaster-related health consequences. We developed a transdisciplinary framework combining indices of psychosocial AL and physiological AL to produce a robust estimate of overall AL in people affected by disasters and other traumatic events. In conclusion, we urge researchers to consider the potential of using AL as a component in a proposed disaster-oriented human health observing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Sandifer
- Center for Coastal Environmental and Human Health, School of Sciences and Mathematics, College of Charleston, 66 George Street, Charleston, SC 29424, USA.
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Teresa E Seeman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maureen Y Lichtveld
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Burton H Singer
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Uink B, Bennett R, Bullen J, Lin A, Martin G, Woods J, Paradies Y. Racism and Indigenous Adolescent Development: A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:487-500. [PMID: 35373403 PMCID: PMC9320946 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the impacts of racism on adolescent development have largely overlooked Indigenous youth. We conducted a scoping review of the empirical literature on racism against Indigenous adolescents to determine the nature and scope of this research and to establish associations with developmental outcomes. Our literature search resulted in 32 studies with samples from the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Studies were limited to self-reported experiences of racism and thus primarily focused on perceived discrimination. Quantitative studies found small to moderate effects of perceived discrimination on adolescent psychopathology and academic outcomes. Qualitative studies provided insight into structural forms of racism. We offer recommendations for future investigations into the impacts of overt and covert racism on Indigenous adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bep Uink
- Murdoch University
- Telethon Kids Institute Perth
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Ben J, Elias A, Issaka A, Truong M, Dunn K, Sharples R, McGarty C, Walton J, Mansouri F, Denson N, Paradies Y. Racism in Australia: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2022; 11:47. [PMID: 35300718 PMCID: PMC8929717 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-01919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racism has been identified as a major source of injustice and a health burden in Australia and across the world. Despite the surge in Australian quantitative research on the topic, and the increasing recognition of the prevalence and impact of racism in Australian society, the collective evidence base has yet to be comprehensively reviewed or meta-analysed. This protocol describes the first systematic review and meta-analysis of racism in Australia at the national level, focussing on quantitative studies. The current study will considerably improve our understanding of racism, including its manifestations and fluctuation over time, variation across settings and between groups, and associations with health and socio-economic outcomes. METHODS The research will consist of a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Searches for relevant studies will focus on the social and health science databases CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus. Two reviewers will independently screen eligible papers for inclusion and extract data from included studies. Studies will be included in the review and meta-analysis where they meet the following criteria: (1) report quantitative empirical research on self-reported racism in Australia, (2) report data on the prevalence of racism, or its association with health (e.g. mental health, physical health, health behaviours) or socio-economic outcomes (e.g. education, employment, income), and (3) report Australian data. Measures of racism will focus on study participants' self-reports, with a separate analysis dedicated to researcher-reported measures, such as segregation and differential outcomes across racial/ethnic groups. Measures of health and socio-economic outcomes will include both self-reports and researcher-reported measures, such as physiological measurements. Existing reviews will be manually searched for additional studies. Study characteristics will be summarised, and a meta-analysis of the prevalence of racism and its associations will be conducted using random effects models and mean weighted effect sizes. Moderation and subgroup analyses will be conducted as well. All analyses will use the software CMA 3.0. DISCUSSION This study will provide a novel and comprehensive synthesis of the quantitative evidence base on racism in Australia. It will answer questions about the fluctuation of racism over time, its variation across settings and groups, and its relationship with health and socio-economic outcomes. Findings will be discussed in relation to broader debates in this growing field of research and will be widely disseminated to inform anti-racism research, action and policy nationally. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021265115 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehonathan Ben
- Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies (CRIS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalization, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Amanuel Elias
- Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies (CRIS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalization, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ayuba Issaka
- Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies (CRIS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalization, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mandy Truong
- Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies (CRIS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Kevin Dunn
- Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies (CRIS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Sharples
- Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies (CRIS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Craig McGarty
- Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies (CRIS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica Walton
- Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies (CRIS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalization, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fethi Mansouri
- Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies (CRIS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalization, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nida Denson
- Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies (CRIS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yin Paradies
- Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies (CRIS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalization, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Burnett-Bowie SAM, Bachmann GA. Racism: the shameful practices that the medical profession is finally addressing. Womens Midlife Health 2021; 7:9. [PMID: 34727987 PMCID: PMC8561345 DOI: 10.1186/s40695-021-00068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sherri-Ann M Burnett-Bowie
- Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Thier 1051, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA.
| | - Gloria A Bachmann
- Women's Health Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Shadlow JO, Kell PA, Toledo TA, Huber FA, Kuhn BL, Lannon EW, Hellman N, Sturycz CA, Ross EN, Rhudy JL. Sleep Buffers the Effect of Discrimination on Cardiometabolic Allostatic Load in Native Americans: Results from the Oklahoma Study of Native American Pain Risk. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:1632-1647. [PMID: 34319571 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Compared to other racial/ethnic groups, Native Americans (NAs) are more likely to develop health conditions associated with allostatic load (stress-related wear-and-tear). Psychosocial factors (i.e., adverse life events, discrimination, psychological distress) often promote stress and may help explain greater allostatic load in NAs. Moreover, previous research suggests sleep may either mediate or moderate the effects of some psychosocial stressors, like discrimination, on allostatic load. The current study investigated the relationship between adverse life events, discrimination, psychological stress, sleep, and cardiometabolic load. METHODS Using a sample of 302 healthy, chronic pain-free NAs and non-Hispanic White (NHW) participants, bootstrapped mediation analyses were conducted to determine whether the relationship between NA race/ethnicity and cardiometabolic allostatic load (composite score of body mass index, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate variability) was mediated by psychosocial stressors. Models also assessed whether sleep disturbance served as an additional mediator or a moderator to the effects. RESULTS Consistent with prior research, we found that NAs experienced greater discrimination, adverse life events (potentially traumatic events), and cardiometabolic allostatic load than NHWs. Further, discrimination was associated with increased psychological stress for NAs, but this did not explain why NAs experience higher cardiometabolic allostatic load. A moderating effect of sleep on discrimination was found, such that discrimination partially contributed to the relationship between NA race/ethnicity and cardiometabolic allostatic load, but only for participants reporting greater sleep disturbance. Implications These findings highlight that good sleep can buffer the effect of psychosocial stress on cardiometabolic allostatic load in Native Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna O Shadlow
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA.
| | - Parker A Kell
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Tyler A Toledo
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Felicitas A Huber
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Bethany L Kuhn
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Edward W Lannon
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Natalie Hellman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Cassandra A Sturycz
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Erin N Ross
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Jamie L Rhudy
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
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