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Li X, Ye Z, Lang H, Fang Y. Income inequality, trust, and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults (CFPS): A causal mediation analysis. J Affect Disord 2024:S0165-0327(24)01663-X. [PMID: 39368779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Income inequality has been linked to depressive disorders, but the pathways behind this impact are insufficiently understood. Hence, we aimed to investigate the impact of income inequality on depressive disorders and evaluate the extent to which this impact is mediated by trust. METHODS Two waves (2012 and 2018) of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) were included. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CESD8) and income inequality was measured using the Gini index calculated with household income. Based on the counterfactual framework, causal mediation analysis was applied with the difference-in-difference (DID) method. The sequential ignorability assumption, an important assumption for mediation analysis, was examined by propensity score matching (PSM) and simulation-based sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Compared to the control group (Change of Gini index ≤0), CESD8 scores in the treatment group (Change of Gini index >0) increase by 0.233 (95 % CI: 0.039, 0.430), which 10.1 % (95 % CI: 3.1 %, 46.0 %) was mediated by reductions in trusts at the provincial level. At the county level, income inequality influences depressive symptoms through the indirect path (β=0.008, 95%CI: 0.001, 0.020) instead of the direct path (β= - 0.146, 95%CI: -0.287, 0.000). Dividing the trust, the significant indirect effect appeared in the trust in neighbors, foreigners, government, and doctors at the provincial level. LIMITATION This study didn't deal with the impact of post-treatment confounders of the mediator-outcome relationship. CONCLUSIONS Severe income inequality directly and indirectly exacerbated depressive symptoms. Government should carry out the implementation of decreasing income inequality and improving trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccine and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zirong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccine and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haoxiang Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccine and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ya Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccine and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Zhang C, Zhao Y, Wei L, Tang Q, Deng R, Yan S, Yao J. Depression and Anxiety among Migrant Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Network Analysis of Continuous Cross-Sectional Data. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1802. [PMID: 39337142 PMCID: PMC11431247 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12181802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Many Chinese migrant older adults are more prone to mental health problems due to their "migrant" status. During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions on their mobility exacerbated these conditions. Mental health is a crucial dimension of healthy aging. Network analysis offers a novel method for exploring interactions between mental health problems at the symptom level. This study employs network analysis to examine the interactions between comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms across different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveys were conducted from September 2019 to January 2020 (T1), September 2020 to January 2021 (T2), and September 2021 onwards (T3). Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A). Expected Influence (EI) and Bridge Expected Influence (Bridge EI) were used to identify central and bridge symptoms in the network. Network stability and accuracy tests were performed. Among the Chinese migrant older adults, the anxiety prevalence was 18.50% at T1, 21.11% at T2, and 9.38% at T3. The prevalence of depression was 26.95% at T1, 55.44% at T2, and 60.24% at T3. The primary central symptoms included 'Afraid something will happen' (A2), 'Irritability' (A6), 'Panic' (A7), 'Feeling of worthlessness' (D6), 'Anhedonia' (D1), and 'Feeling of fear' (A5). The major bridge symptoms included 'Feeling of fear' (A5), 'Panic' (A7), 'Irritability' (A6), 'Fatigue' (D4), 'Anhedonia' (D1), and 'Depressed or sad mood' (D2). Differences in network structure were observed across the periods. The network analysis further revealed the evolving relationships between central and bridge symptoms over time, highlighting the importance of targeted intervention strategies for central and bridge symptoms of comorbid depression and anxiety at different periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuefan Zhao
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qian Tang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ruyue Deng
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shiyuan Yan
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Deng R, Cheng M, Yan S, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Tang Q, Yao J. Trajectories of psychological adaptation to Chinese older internal migrants: a latent transition model. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38902974 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2368630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about the heterogeneity and transitions between psychological adaptation patterns in Chinese older internal migrants. This study addressed two questions: (a) Do distinct patterns of psychological adaptation exist among Chinese older internal migrants? (b) If so, what factors predict different trajectories? METHOD The study drew on two waves of data and involved 405 older internal migrants into Nanjing, China. First, a latent transition analysis was performed to visualize the different patterns of psychological adaptation. Second, an ecological model of resilience was used to identify the factors explaining the differences between adaptation patterns. RESULTS Three main trajectories of psychological adaptation among Chinese older internal migrants over time were: recovery, stability and deterioration. Adaptation trajectories were associated with age, gender, length of stay, psychological resilience, self-esteem, family support, social participation, and living with a spouse. CONCLUSION Chinese older internal migrants undertake heterogeneous psychological adaptation trajectories, and their positive adaptation is closely associated with coping resources. Our data may provide references for the identification of vulnerable older internal migrants, as well as the making of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Deng
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingwen Cheng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyuan Yan
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuefan Zhao
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Tang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Du S, Yang Y, Zheng M, Zhang H, Li T, Cai F. Health inequality of rural-to-urban migrant workers in eastern China and its decomposition: a comparative cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1365241. [PMID: 38803809 PMCID: PMC11128589 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1365241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives As a specific group with high health inequality, it is crucial to improve the health status and health inequalities of rural-to-urban migrant workers. This study aimed to evaluate the health inequality of migrant and urban workers in China and decompose it. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out, using a standardized questionnaire to obtain basic information, self-rated health to evaluate health status, concentration index to measure health inequalities, and WDW decomposition to analyze the causes of health inequalities. Results The concentration index of health for migrants was 0.021 and 0.009 for urban workers. The main factors contributing to health inequality among rural-to-urban migrant workers included income, exercise, and age. In contrast, the main factors of health inequality among urban workers included income, the number of chronic diseases, social support, and education. Conclusion There were health inequalities in both rural-to-urban migrant and urban workers. The government and relevant authorities should formulate timely policies and take targeted measures to reduce income disparities among workers, thereby improving health inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Du
- College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Zheng
- College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fuman Cai
- College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Wang J, Pang M, Kong F. Association between self-reported oral health and life satisfaction among China's migrant elderly following children: The mediating effect of social support. Front Public Health 2023; 11:950942. [PMID: 36866087 PMCID: PMC9971942 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.950942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Focusing on the life satisfaction of the migrant elderly following children (MEFC) is of great theoretical and practical significance. We aimed to examine the effect of self-reported oral health on life satisfaction among the MEFC in Weifang, China, and to further explore the mediating role of social support on the relationship between self-reported oral health and life satisfaction. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey for 613 participants using multi-stage random sampling in Weifang, China, in August 2021. The Social Support Rating Scale was used to assess social support for the MEFC. We used the Chinese version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) to evaluate self-reported oral health. We assessed life satisfaction for the MEFC via the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The data were scrutinized through descriptive analysis, a chi-square test, a t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results The mean GOHAI, social support, and life satisfaction scores were 54.95 ± 6.649, 38.89 ± 6.629, and 27.87 ± 5.584, respectively. SEM analysis indicated that the self-reported oral health of the MEFC exerts a positive effect on life satisfaction and social support, and social support has a positive and direct effect on life satisfaction. Social support partially mediates the association between self-reported oral health and life satisfaction (95% confidence interval: 0.023-0.107, P < 0.001), with its mediating effect accounting for 27.86% of the total effect. Conclusion The mean score of life satisfaction was 27.87 ± 5.584 among the MEFC in Weifang, China, suggesting relatively high life satisfaction. Our findings underscore an empirical association between self-reported oral health and life satisfaction and imply that social support mediates this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingli Pang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fanlei Kong
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Fanlei Kong ✉
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Ke P, Ke L, Liu B, Liu X. The Relationship Between Mental Health and Psychosocial Stress of Reservoir Migrants in the Middle Route of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP): The Mediating Role of Social Support. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:299-306. [PMID: 33727870 PMCID: PMC7955681 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s297416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) migrants were vulnerable to developing mental health problems due to post-migration stresses and lack of social support. However, the evidence on the mental health, psychosocial stress and social support of SNWDP migrants and their interrelationships are limited and inconclusive. We aimed to explore the mechanism of influence of social support on the relationship between mental health and social psychosocial stress of SNWDP migrants. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the data of 983 SNWDP migrants. The mental health status, psychosocial stress and social support of the participants were evaluated by Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Psychosocial Stress Survey for Groups (PSSG) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Multiple stepwise regression model was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Among the 983 individuals, the average SCL-90-R score was 1.47, the PSSG score was 30.50, and the SSRS score was 40.30. The SCL-90-R was positively correlated with PSSG (r=0.483, P<0.001) and negatively correlated with SSRS (r=-0.257, P<0.001), PSSG was negatively correlated with SSRS (r=-0.516, P<0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that PSSG and SSRS had significant effects on SCL-90-R prediction and that SSRS played a partial intermediary role in SCL-90-R and PSSG (46.87%). CONCLUSION The SNWDP migrants performed a strong correlation between social support, mental health and psychosocial stress. Social support plays a part role in mediating mental health and psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Ke
- School of Public Health (SPH), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Ke
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Health Management Center, Shiyan People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, People’s Republic of China
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Liang H, Yue Z, Liu E, Xiang N. How does social capital affect individual health among the elderly in rural China?-Mediating effect analysis of physical exercise and positive attitude. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231318. [PMID: 32716935 PMCID: PMC7384663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elderly in rural areas comprise over half of the older population in China, and their health problems are a matter of great concern for the Chinese government and society. Among the many factors affecting health, social capital has generated much interest in academic research. Exploring the relationship between social capital and individual health among the elderly in rural China provides ways to improve the health of Chinese people, which has a positive impact on policy. METHODS We selected 3719 respondents from the 2016 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Structural and cognitive social capital were obtained via exponentiation of variables (mean of zero and a standard deviation of one) and by giving them equal weight. Ordinary least squares (OLS) and two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimators were used to analyze the association between social capital and individual health. We explored the mechanism linking structural and cognitive social capital with individual health through a mediation effect analysis. RESULTS After correcting for endogeneity bias, structural social capital had a positive correlation with individual health among the elderly, with a coefficient of 0.062 (95% CI: 0.020-0.104). Cognitive social capital also had a positive correlation with individual health, with a coefficient of 0.097 (95% CI: 0.060-0.135). Physical exercise and positive attitude were two significant mediating variables of the relationship between social capital and individual health in the study group, with mediating effects of 0.018 and 0.054, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive social capital played a stronger role than structural social capital in promoting individual health among the elderly. Physical exercise and positive attitude mediated the relationship between social capital and individual health. Policymakers should not only build basic medical and health care systems but also consistently cultivate and strengthen structural and cognitive social capital among the elderly in rural China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liang
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhang Yue
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Erpeng Liu
- Institution of Income Distribution and Public Finance, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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