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Naylor A, Flood A, Barnett LM, Keegan R. Development of the Physical Literacy in Adults Scale (PLAS). J Sports Sci 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39046323 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2383486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Physical literacy relates to an individual's capacity to live a physically active and healthy lifestyle across the lifespan. Our understanding of physical literacy as a lifelong journey is hindered by a lack of valid measurement for adult populations. In response, we created a measure of physical literacy applicable to adults. A sample of 1180 adults answered a series of existing questionnaires assessing aspects of physical literacy. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis techniques, we reduced the items to a 23-item six factor model, which had good fit to the data in both the exploratory analysis (χ2 (130) = 254.770, p < 0.001; TLI = 0.965; RMSEA = 0.040 (95% CI: 0.031, 0.049)) and confirmatory analysis (χ2 ;(130) = 252.005, p < 0.001; TLI = 0.957; RMSEA = 0.046 (95% CI: 0.036, 0.056)). The resulting subjective measure, the Physical Literacy in Adults Scale (PLAS), is a single psychometric measure applicable to adults aged 18-75 years. The PLAS covers four domains (physical, psychological, social and cognitive) of physical literacy to provide a holistic physical literacy outcome. The PLAS represents an appropriate way to assess adult physical literacy, providing an important first step in understanding physical literacy as a lifelong journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaleise Naylor
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Andrew Flood
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Keegan
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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Högman J, Wagnsson S, Bellander S. Implementing a free lending of sports and leisure equipment service: a cross-sectional survey exploring user characteristics, utilization patterns, and significance among children and youth. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1826. [PMID: 38982320 PMCID: PMC11232254 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The escalating costs of sports equipment, coupled with socioeconomic disparities, hinder children's participation in physical activities. The Leisure Equipment Library (LEL), a unique service in Sweden, addresses this challenge by providing free equipment lending. This study investigated the significance of providing free lending of sports and recreational equipment for children's and youth's opportunities to engage in physical activities during leisure time. METHOD Utilizing a cross-sectional survey during the summer-2022 period, the study is based on data from 427 LEL users aged 7 to 25 years. User characteristics (demography, socioeconomic status, physical activity profiles), equipment usage patterns and perceived significance are also analyzed. The findings are discussed using the concept of consumer-brand identification. RESULTS The results showed that LEL reaches a broad and diverse group of children and young people in terms of gender, age, socioeconomic status, and physical activity profile. The borrowed equipment, primarily used for play and recreation, serves as an essential resource for children and youths and, in particular, for those with low socioeconomic status. LEL is considered highly important by all user groups, with a majority emphasizing its significance in facilitating leisure activities. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests LEL's success lies in its accessibility and that users identify with the brand of LEL. Users perceive LEL as a service catering to various recreational needs rather than sports, fostering inclusivity. The localization of stores in various types of areas, combined with high-quality products, enable children and young people from different socioeconomic areas to use the service. LEL's success hinges on maintaining a positive brand image and promoting a recreation-oriented identity. Opportunities exist to strengthen emotional bonds with users, enhance branding strategies, and position LEL as a valuable resource for inclusive recreational activities. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of free lending services, such as LEL, to bridge socioeconomic gaps in the promotion of physical activity among children and young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Högman
- Department for Educational Work, Sport Science, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Wagnsson
- Department for Educational Work, Sport Science, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Bellander
- Department for Educational Work, Sport Science, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
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Carl J, Melby PS, Kurtzhals ML, Nielsen G, Bentsen P, Elsborg P. The Role of Physical Literacy in the Association Between Weather and Physical Activity: A Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis With 951 Children. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:675-682. [PMID: 38626893 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies showed an effect of weather on physical activity (PA) levels in children. However, no study has yet examined the relevance of personal factors in this relationship. Therefore, this study analyzes (1) whether there are systematic interindividual differences in the extent to which weather affects the PA behavior and (2) whether physical literacy (PL) moderates the weather-PA association in children. METHODS A total of 951 children in 12 Danish schools (age 9.76 [1.59] y; 54.3% girls) completed objective PA assessments via accelerometry (moderate to vigorous PA, light PA, and sedentary behavior). Local weather data (precipitation, wind speed, temperature, and sunshine duration) were provided by the Danish Meteorological Institute. Participants' PL was measured employing the Danish version of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy-2. The 4116 accelerometer days underwent longitudinal multilevel analyses while considering their nesting into pupils and school classes (n = 51). RESULTS Fluctuations in all PA indicators were significantly explained by variations in weather conditions, especially precipitation (P ≤ .035). Significant interindividual differences were found for 9 of 12 analytical dimensions, suggesting that weather changes influence PA behavior differently across individuals (especially moderate to vigorous PA, χ2[4] ≥ 11.5, P ≤ .021). However, PL moderated the relationship between weather and PA in only 2 of the 48 analytical constellations. CONCLUSIONS Despite the varying impact of weather on PA across individuals, the present study favors a main effect model in which weather and PL exert independent effects on children's PA. The insufficient support for PL as a moderating factor calls for future studies to test alternative mechanisms in the weather-PA association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Carl
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Paulina S Melby
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mette L Kurtzhals
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Glen Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Bentsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Elsborg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Boldovskaia A, Dias NMG, Silva MN, Carraça EV. Physical literacy assessment in adults: A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288541. [PMID: 37450424 PMCID: PMC10348568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical literacy is a multidimensional construct that has been defined and interpreted in various ways, one of the most common being "the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding to maintain physical activity throughout the life course". Although its improvement can positively affect many behavioral, psychological, social, and physical variables, debate remains over an appropriate method of collecting empirical physical literacy data. This systematic review sought to identify and critically evaluate all primary studies (published and unpublished, regardless of design or language) that assessed physical literacy in adults or have proposed measurement criteria. Relevant studies were identified by searching four databases (Pubmed, SportDiscus, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science), scanning reference lists of included articles, and manual cross-referencing of bibliographies cited in prior reviews. The final search was concluded on July 15, 2022. Thirty-one studies, published from 2016 to 2022, were analyzed. We found seven instruments measuring physical literacy in adults, of which six were questionnaires. The Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument was the first developed for adults and the most adopted. The included studies approached physical literacy definition in two ways: by pre-defining domains and assessing them discretely (through pre-validated or self-constructed instruments) and by defining domains as sub-scales after factorial analyses. We found a fair use of objective and subjective measures to assess different domains. The wide use of instruments developed for other purposes in combined assessments suggests the need for further instrument development and the potential oversimplification of the holistic concept, which may not result in a better understanding of physical literacy. Quality and usability characteristics of measurements were generally insufficiently reported. This lack of data makes it impossible to compare and make robust conclusions. We could not identify if any of the existing physical literacy assessments for adults is appropriate for large-scale/epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aia Boldovskaia
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Manuel Gonçalves Dias
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marlene N. Silva
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
- Programa Nacional de Promoção da Atividade Física, Direcção-Geral da Saúde, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eliana V. Carraça
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
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Carl J, Bryant AS, Edwards LC, Bartle G, Birch JE, Christodoulides E, Emeljanovas A, Fröberg A, Gandrieau J, Gilic B, van Hilvoorde I, Holler P, Iconomescu TM, Jaunig J, Laudanska-Krzeminska I, Lundvall S, De Martelaer K, Martins J, Mieziene B, Mendoza-Muñoz M, Mouton A, Olaru BS, Onofre M, Pavlova I, Repond MR, Riga V, Salin K, Schnitzler C, Sekulic D, Töpfer C, Vasickova J, Yıldızer G, Zito V, Bentsen P, Green N, Elsborg P. Physical literacy in Europe: The current state of implementation in research, practice, and policy. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:165-176. [PMID: 36688001 PMCID: PMC9827378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective The holistic concept of physical literacy (PL) embraces different person-centered qualities (physical, cognitive, affective/psychological) necessary to lead physically active lifestyles. PL has recently gained increasing attention globally and Europe is no exception. However, scientific endeavors summarizing the current state of PL in Europe are lacking. Therefore, the goal of this study was to comprehensively assess and compare the implementation of PL in research, policy, and practice across the continent. Methods We assembled a panel of experts representing 25 European countries. Employing a complementary mixed-methods design, the experts first prepared reviews about the current state of PL in their countries (categories: research, practice/policy). The reviews underwent comparative document analysis, ensuring a transnational four-eyes principle. For re-validation purposes, the representatives completed a quantitative survey with questions reflecting the inductive themes from the document analysis. Results The document analysis resulted in ten disjunct themes (related to "concept", "research", "practice/policy", "future/prospect") and yielded a heterogenous PL situation in Europe. The implementation state was strongly linked to conceptual discussions (e.g., existence of competing approaches), linguistic issues (e.g., translations), and country-specific traditions. Despite growing scholarly attention, PL hesitantly permeates practice and policy in most countries. Nevertheless, the experts largely anticipate increasing popularity of PL for the future. Conclusion Despite the heterogeneous situation across Europe, the analysis has uncovered similarities among the countries, such as the presence of established yet not identical concepts. Research should intensify academic activities (conceptual-linguistic elaborations, empirical work) before PL may gain further access into practical and political spheres in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Carl
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Sport Science and Sport, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany,Corresponding author.
| | - Anna S. Bryant
- Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff School of Education and Social Policy / School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cyncoed Road, CF23 6XD, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lowri C. Edwards
- Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff School of Education and Social Policy / School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cyncoed Road, CF23 6XD, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gillian Bartle
- University of Dundee, Division of Education and Society, DD1 4HN, Nethergate Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jens E. Birch
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Department of Primary and Secondary Teacher Education, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Efstathios Christodoulides
- University of Central Lancashire Cyprus, School of Sciences/Sport and Exercise Sciences, 12-14 University Avenue, Pyla, 7080, Larnaka, Cyprus
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Lithuanian Sports University, Department of Physical and Social Education, Sporto Str. 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andreas Fröberg
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, Läroverksgatan 5, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joseph Gandrieau
- University Lille, University Artois, University Littoral Côte d’Opale, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, 413 Av. Eugène Avinée, 59120, Loos, France
| | - Barbara Gilic
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Teslina 6, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivo van Hilvoorde
- Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Campus 2, 8017, CA, Zwolle, Netherlands,Université Côte d’Azur, LAMHESS261, Boulevard du Mercantour B.P. 3259 06205 Nice Cedex 03, France
| | - Peter Holler
- FH JOANNEUM University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Health Management in Tourism, Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Strasse 24, 8344, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria
| | - Teodora M. Iconomescu
- Dunărea de Jos University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Domneasca Street no. 47, 800008, Galati, Romania
| | - Johannes Jaunig
- University of Graz, Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, Mozartgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ida Laudanska-Krzeminska
- Poznan University of Physical Education, Department of Physical Activity and Health Promotion Science, ul. Krolowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Suzanne Lundvall
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, Department, Läroverksgatan 5, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - João Martins
- Centro de Estudos em Educação, Fac. de Motricidade Humana e UIDEF, Instituto da Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Estr. da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Brigita Mieziene
- Lithuanian Sports University, Department of Physical and Social Education, Sporto Str. 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Maria Mendoza-Muñoz
- University of Extremadura, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Av. de la Universidad S/n, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Alexandre Mouton
- University of Liège, Research Unit for a Life-Course Perspective on Health & Education (RUCHE), Allée des Sports 2, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bogdan S. Olaru
- Dunărea de Jos University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Domneasca Street no. 47, 800008, Galati, Romania
| | - Marcos Onofre
- Centro de Estudos em Educação, Fac. de Motricidade Humana e UIDEF, Instituto da Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Estr. da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Iuliia Pavlova
- Lviv State University of Physical Culture, Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Culture, Kostiushka Str. 11, 79007, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Marie Rose Repond
- Federal Institute of Sport, Bern University of Applied Sciences, 2532, Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Vassiliki Riga
- University of Patras, Department of Educational Sciences & Early Childhood Education, University Campus, 26504, Rio, Greece
| | - Kasper Salin
- University of Jyväskylä, Faculty of Sport & Health Sciences, Keskussairaalantie 4, 40100, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Christophe Schnitzler
- E3S laboratory - UR 1342 - University of Strasbourg 14, Rue R. Descartes, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Damir Sekulic
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Teslina 6, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Clemens Töpfer
- University of Jena, Institute for Sports Science, Seidelstraße 20, 07749, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Vasickova
- Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Social Science in Kinanthropology, Tr. Miru 117, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Günay Yıldızer
- Eskişehir Technical University, Department of Physical Education and Sport, 2 Eylül Kampüsü, 26555, Eseksehir, Türkiye
| | - Viviana Zito
- Capdi & LSM, Piazzale Dante 8, 74121, Taranto, Italy
| | - Peter Bentsen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nigel Green
- International Physical Literacy Association, 9 Pine View, WN3 6DF, Winstanley (Wigan), England, UK
| | - Peter Elsborg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark,Health Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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Yan W, Meng Y, Wang L, Zhang T, Chen L, Li H. Research on the Relationship between Physical Literacy, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16455. [PMID: 36554337 PMCID: PMC9779016 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED During the COVID-19 pandemic, college students' health-related physical activity and physical literacy aroused widespread concern. This study evaluated the relationship among physical literacy (PL), sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); we further explored whether LAP and SB mediated the association between PL and MVPA. METHODS This study was based on a cross-sectional survey of Chinese college students. The Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument Scale (PPLI-SC) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were used to investigate the PL, MVPA, LPA, and SB. RESULTS There were 2996 valid questionnaires with 829 boys and 2167 girls. The MVPA, LPA, and PL of boys were significantly higher than girls, while the SB values were significantly lower in girls (p < 0.01). The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the two indexes except for SB and LPA. Path analysis shows that PL directly, significantly, and positively affects MVPA. PL reduces SB (β = -0.085, p < 0.001) and increases LPA (β = 0.097, p < 0.001). The total mediation effect accounted for 14.014%, and the mediation effects of SB and LPA accounted for 4.417% and 9.597%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS LPA and SB partially mediated the relation between PL and MVPA. SB and LPA partially explain the impact of PL on MVPA. The findings suggest that managing SB and improving LPA could play a significant indirect role in increasing the positive effect of PL on MVPA and that increasing the opportunities for LPA increased the MVPA for Chinese college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yihan Meng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Leqin Chen
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Exercise and Physical Fitness, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Carl J, Barratt J, Wanner P, Töpfer C, Cairney J, Pfeifer K. The Effectiveness of Physical Literacy Interventions: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:2965-2999. [PMID: 35994237 PMCID: PMC9691485 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The holistic concept of physical literacy assumes that individuals require adequate cognitive (knowledge and understanding), affective (motivation and confidence), and physical (physical competence) qualities to engage in lifelong physical activity behavior. In recent years, the research field has undergone rapid development and has also yielded an increasing number of interventions that aim to translate the theoretical-philosophical ideas into practical endeavors. OBJECTIVE The goal of the present pre-registered systematic review was to (a) provide a general overview of evaluation studies on physical literacy interventions and (b) to quantitatively examine the effectiveness of physical literacy interventions. METHODS Drawing on the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched a total of 18 databases for physical literacy interventions. Inclusion criteria were English language, publication by November 2021, and interventions using physical literacy as a theoretical underpinning or evaluation outcome. Articles that met these criteria were analyzed with respect to their basic delivery characteristics, study quality, evaluation approach, and main findings. We additionally ran meta-analyses with all non-randomized and randomized controlled trials to examine and compare the effect of these interventions on five outcome categories: (i) physical competence, (ii) motivation and confidence, (iii) knowledge and understanding, (iv) physical activity behavior, and (v) total physical literacy. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effects on the different categories. RESULTS The screening process with two independent raters yielded 48 eligible interventions reported in 51 eligible articles. Quantitative evaluations most frequently addressed physical competence (72.2%), followed by motivation and confidence (47.2%), physical activity behavior (41.7%), and knowledge and understanding (33.3%). The controlled intervention studies (n = 24) exerted significant effects on all five physical literacy categories. Despite meaningful heterogeneity across the subgroups, the strongest effects were found for physical competence (SMD 0.90; 95% CI 0.55-1.25), followed by physical literacy aggregate scores (SMD 0.61; 95% CI 0.20-1.01), knowledge and understanding (SMD 0.54; 95% CI 0.30-0.79), physical activity behavior (SMD 0.39; 95% CI 0.23-0.55), and motivation and confidence (SMD 0.30; 95% CI 0.17-0.44). CONCLUSIONS The present study empirically demonstrated the effectiveness of physical literacy interventions on several outcomes relevant for promoting physical activity and health. To better inform current practices, future studies are advised to identify those program characteristics that significantly influence the effectiveness of physical literacy interventions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020188926.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Carl
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jaime Barratt
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Philipp Wanner
- Institute of Sports and Sports Sciences, Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 700, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Töpfer
- Institute of Sports Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Seidelstraße 20, 07749 Jena, Germany
| | - John Cairney
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Klaus Pfeifer
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Melby PS, Nielsen G, Brønd JC, Tremblay MS, Bentsen P, Elsborg P. Associations between children's physical literacy and well-being: is physical activity a mediator? BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1267. [PMID: 35768864 PMCID: PMC9244357 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical literacy (PL) is a multi-dimensional concept that provides a holistic understanding of movement and physical activity. PL contains an affective, a physical, and a cognitive domain, which together lay the foundation for the individual’s capacity and the tendency for participating in physical activities currently and throughout life. PL is increasingly regarded as a ‘cause of the causes’ to health promotion. Cross-sectional studies have shown associations between children’s PL, physical activity behaviours, and well-being. This study aims to examine the associations between Danish children’s PL and their physical and psychosocial well-being and whether the associations are mediated by moderate- to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). Methods Cross-sectional data from Danish schoolchildren aged 7–13 years were collected in Jan-Dec 2020 in the Danish Assessment of Physical Literacy (DAPL) project. PL was assessed with the DAPL which measures the affective, cognitive, and physical domains of PL. MVPA (min/day) was measured with accelerometers (Axivity), psychosocial well-being was measured with The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and physical well-being was measured with the KIDSCREEN questionnaire. Structural equation models were constructed with PL and MVPA as predictors of physical well-being and four aspects of psychosocial well-being. Results A positive moderate association between PL and physical well-being, partly mediated by MVPA was observed. PL was positively associated with the positive aspects of psychosocial well-being and negatively associated with the negative aspects (behaviour problems). None of the associations between PL and aspects of psychosocial well-being were mediated by MVPA. Conclusions The study contributes to evidence on the link between PL, physical activity, and health outcomes. The study found beneficial relations between PL and physical and psychosocial well-being. MVPA mediated part of the relationship between PL and physical well-being but not psychosocial well-being. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13517-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina S Melby
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark. .,Health Promotion, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, the Capital Region of Denmark, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Glen Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jan Christian Brønd
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Peter Bentsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Peter Elsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Health Promotion, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, the Capital Region of Denmark, Herlev, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Women's awareness of ovarian cancer risk factors and symptoms in Western Iran in 2020-2021. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:192. [PMID: 35614471 PMCID: PMC9131642 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate awareness of women living in the western region of Iran about warning signs and risk factors for ovarian cancer. Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Sanandaj and Kermanshah, Iran, 2020 and 2021. In this study, 1081 women aged 18–70 years were selected as the sample to fill out the electronic version of the Ovarian Cancer Awareness Measure (OCAM) to identify the significant variables of ovarian cancer warning signs and risk factors. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression in SPSS 19. Results In this study, 60.9% of the participants had medium awareness of the subject. The results indicated that participants with higher educational attainment (P < 0.05) and those with a history of cancer (P < 0.001) showed higher knowledge of cancer. The lowest level of awareness of symptoms was associated with acute symptoms such as dysphagia (swallowing problems) most days, persistent bloating, a sense of abdominal fullness or heaviness, and frequent urination. Moreover, the lowest awareness of risk factors was related to the history of IVF treatments and the application of talcum powder to the genital area. Conclusion The study findings showed that women living in the western region of Iran have moderate awareness of ovarian cancer and insufficient knowledge of cancer warning signs; this suggests that it is necessary to train Iranian women to raise awareness of the signs and risk factors for ovarian cancer.
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Sunda M, Gilic B, Sekulic D, Matic R, Drid P, Alexe DI, Cucui GG, Lupu GS. Out-of-School Sports Participation Is Positively Associated with Physical Literacy, but What about Physical Education? A Cross-Sectional Gender-Stratified Analysis during the COVID-19 Pandemic among High-School Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9050753. [PMID: 35626930 PMCID: PMC9139184 DOI: 10.3390/children9050753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical literacy (PL) is one of the main concepts related to lifelong physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF), but there is a lack of information on factors that might be associated with PL in adolescents from southeastern Europe. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between PF, participation and achievement in physical education (PE), out-of-school participation in sports, and PL in high school adolescents from Croatia. Participants were 298 high school students aged 14−18 years (191 females). Variables included school age, PE grade, sports participation, anthropometric indices, four PF tests, and PL (evidenced by CAPL-2-knowledge and understanding questionnaire (CAPL-2-KU) and PLAYself questionnaire). Gender-stratified analyses of differences were conducted using the t-test for independent samples or the Mann-Whitney test. Associations between variables were calculated with Pearson’s product moment correlation or Spearman’s rank order correlation. PF was positively correlated CAPL-2-KU in both genders. PE grade was significantly associated with PLAYself score (Pearson’s correlation = 0.36 and 0.38, p < 0.001 for boys and girls, respectively) but not with the CAPL-2-KU score. School age was not correlated with PL among boys, but there was a significant but negligible correlation between CAPL-2-KU and school age in girls (<2% of the common variance). Adolescents involved in sports had better PL and PF compared with adolescents not involved in sports. In conclusion, participation in out-of-school sports offers a good base for developing PL. Although this study took part over the COVID-19 pandemic period when the regular PE curriculum was significantly altered, the poor associations between school age and PL could lead to the assumption that the current PE curriculum does not allow for improvement of PL in later high school age, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Sunda
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Barbara Gilic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Radenko Matic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (R.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (R.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Dan Iulian Alexe
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health, Sciences, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 600001 Bacau, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.I.A.); (G.G.C.)
| | - Gheorghe Gabriel Cucui
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Humanities, “Valahia” University of Targoviste, 130070 Targoviste, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.I.A.); (G.G.C.)
| | - Gabriel Stanica Lupu
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health, Sciences, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 600001 Bacau, Romania;
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Abstract
Regular physical activity has an impact on all human organ systems and mediates multiple beneficial effects on overall health. Physical activity alone is a poor strategy for weight loss; however, physical activity is of crucial importance for weight loss maintenance. The role of exercise in maintaining a stable body weight is not clear but might be related to better appetite regulation and food preference. In relation to exercise, muscle secretes myokines and other factors that can influence the metabolism in other organs, not least fat and brain tissues. Thereby, physical activity reduces the risk of obesity-associated diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, independently of weight loss and BMI. Therefore, physical activity should always be included in weight loss strategies and as a tool to maintain a healthy weight, despite its modest effect on energy expenditure and overall body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Brandt
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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