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Shao Y, Zhang M, Sun LJ, Zhang HW, Liu A, Wang X, Xin RL, Li JW, Ye JZ, Gao Y, Wang ZL, Li ZC, Zhang T. Effectiveness of onsite and online education in enhancing knowledge and use of human immunodeficiency virus pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:5042-5050. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i22.5042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancing awareness and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is vital to curb human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spread. High-risk behaviors prevalent among sexually transmitted infection clinic outpatients underscore the need for increased PrEP/PEP education in this group.
AIM To investigate the effects of both onsite and online health education on the knowledge of, and willingness to use, PrEP and PEP among individuals receiving PEP services.
METHODS Participants were drawn from a cohort study on PEP service intervention at an STD/AIDS outpatient clinic in designated HIV/AIDS hospitals in Beijing, conducted from January 1 to June 30, 2022. Health education was provided both onsite and online during follow-up. Surveys assessing knowledge of, and willingness to use, PrEP/PEP were administered at baseline and again at 24 wk post-intervention.
RESULTS A total of 112 participants were enrolled in the study; 105 completed the follow-up at week 24. The percentage of participants with adequate knowledge of, and willingness to use, PrEP significantly increased from 65.2% and 69.6% at baseline to 83.8% and 82.9% at the end of the intervention (both P < 0.05). Similarly, those with adequate knowledge of, and willingness to use, PEP increased from 74.1% and 77.7% at baseline to 92.4% and 89.5% at week 24 (P < 0.05). Being between 31 years and 40 years of age, having a postgraduate degree or higher, and reporting a monthly expenditure of RMB 5000 or more were found to be significantly associated with knowledge of PrEP and PEP (both P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION The findings show that both onsite and online health education significantly improved the knowledge of, and increased willingness to use, PrEP and PEP in individuals utilizing PEP services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Clinic of Center for Infection, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li-Jun Sun
- Clinic of Center for Infection, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Chinese Association of STD and AIDS Prevention and Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Clinic of Center for Infection, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - An Liu
- Clinic of Center for Infection, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Clinic of Center for Infection, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ruo-Lei Xin
- Institute of STD/AIDS Prevention and Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Jian-Wei Li
- Clinic of Center for Infection, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiang-Zhu Ye
- Clinic of Center for Infection, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Clinic of Center for Infection, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhang-Li Wang
- Clinic of Center for Infection, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zai-Cun Li
- Clinic of Center for Infection, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Ratnayake A, Gomes G, Kissinger PJ. HIV Screening Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Women in New Orleans, LA. AIDS Behav 2024:10.1007/s10461-024-04354-7. [PMID: 38713280 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
There are significant disparities in HIV acquisition, with Black individuals facing disproportionately more new diagnoses. Per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), all people aged 13-64 should be tested at least once in their lifetime, and men at increased risk (e.g., those who have male sexual contact, multiple partners, have partners with multiple partners, or share drug injection equipment) should be tested annually. The study included young Black men who have sex with women (MSW), aged 15-26, and who live in New Orleans, LA. Survey data was used to elicit the frequency and factors associated with three self-reported outcomes: (1) history of ever HIV testing, (2) HIV screening in the last year among those who were recommended per CDC, and (3) HIV positivity. Of the 1321 men included, 694/1321 men (52.5%) reported ever having been HIV tested. There were 708/1321 (54.2%) men who met the recommendation for annual screening and 321/708 (45.3%) of these eligible men reported being tested in the previous year. Of those ever tested, 44/694 (6.3%) self-reported testing positive. In logistic regression analysis, older age (OR: 1.27, p < 0.001), prior STI testing (OR: 6.45, p < 0.001), and prior incarceration (OR:1.70, p = 0.006) were positively associated with having ever received an HIV test, and ever having a male partner (OR: 3.63, p = 0.014) was associated with HIV positivity. Initiatives to improve HIV testing rates among young Black men who have sex with women are needed to reduce the burden of HIV and help the End the Epidemic initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneeka Ratnayake
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2004, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Gérard Gomes
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2004, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Patricia J Kissinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2004, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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García-Egea A, Holst AS, Jacques-Aviñó C, Martínez-Bueno C, Berenguera A, Vicente-Hernández MM, Valls-Llobet C, Pinzón-Sanabria D, Pujolar-Díaz G, Medina-Perucha L. Perspectives on menstrual policymaking and community-based actions in Catalonia (Spain): a qualitative study. Reprod Health 2024; 21:1. [PMID: 38178256 PMCID: PMC10768382 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-023-01730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menstrual research and policymaking have become imperative worldwide. It is necessary that these are informed by women and people who menstruate (PWM) alongside expert professionals and activists. METHODS The main aim of this study was to identify and propose policies and community-based actions to address menstrual inequity and promote menstrual health in Catalonia (Spain). This study consisted of two qualitative studies: (a) 34 individual photoelicitation interviews with women and PWM, (b) a World Café study with 22 professionals and activists. Sampling for both studies was purposive and selective. Recruitment was conducted through healthcare centres, social media, key contacts, and snowball sampling techniques. Data were collected in December 2020-September 2022, and analysed using Framework Analysis. RESULTS Participants considered the implementation of menstrual policies that address the taboo and stigma of menstruation to be crucial. They stressed the need for menstrual education, which should be integrated into formal education curricula. Participants, and especially women and PWM, highlighted the need to improve the access and quality of healthcare services, so that the menstrual cycle and menstruation are seen as health indicators. Health professionals should encourage agentic informed decisions, hence why both participant groups considered menstrual health education amongst health professionals to be pivotal. Taking action to improve the access and affordability of menstrual products was also imperative for participants, especially for socioeconomically vulnerable populations. Participants agreed on guaranteeing fully equipped menstrual management facilities, and and professionals discussed gender-neutral and sex-segregated bathrooms. Workplace menstrual policies to accommodate and ensure menstrual self-care were also suggested. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the need for multi-dimensional menstrual policies. These should include actions to address menstrual taboo and stigma, to promote menstrual education that goes beyond the hegemonic biomedical prism, to improve the access and quality of menstrual health services, along with policies ensuring adequate menstrual management facilities in public spaces and the access to menstrual products. Policymaking should also focus on how to ensure menstrual management and care in workplaces. Menstrual policies and community-based actions should be framed within intersectionality, to consider how societal structures of power and oppression influence menstrual experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea García-Egea
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 587 attic, 08007, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Anna Sofie Holst
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 587 attic, 08007, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constanza Jacques-Aviñó
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 587 attic, 08007, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez-Bueno
- Servei d'Atenció a la Salut Sexual i Reproductiva (ASSIR), Direcció Assistencial d'Atenció Primària, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
- Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Research Group (GRASSIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Berenguera
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 587 attic, 08007, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d'Infermeria, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Georgina Pujolar-Díaz
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 587 attic, 08007, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laura Medina-Perucha
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 587 attic, 08007, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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Hamid M, Gill J, Okoh P, Yanga N, Gupta V, Zhang JC, Singh N, Matelski J, Boakye P, James CE, Waterman A, Mucsi I. Knowledge About Renal Transplantation Among African, Caribbean, and Black Canadian Patients With Advanced Kidney Failure. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:2569-2579. [PMID: 38106596 PMCID: PMC10719606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Variable transplant-related knowledge may contribute to inequitable access to living donor kidney transplant (LDKT). We compared transplant-related knowledge between African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) versus White Canadian patients with kidney failure using the Knowledge Assessment of Renal Transplantation (KART) questionnaire. Methods This was a cross-sectional cohort study. Data were collected from a cross-sectional convenience sample of adults with kidney failure in Toronto. Participants also answered an exploratory question about their distrust in the kidney allocation system. Clinical characteristics were abstracted from medical records. The potential contribution of distrust to differences in transplant knowledge was assessed in mediation analysis. Results Among 577 participants (mean [SD] age 57 [14] years, 63% male), 25% were ACB, and 43% were White Canadians. 45% of ACB versus 26% of White participants scored in the lowest tertile of the KART score. The relative risk ratio to be in the lowest tertile for ACB compared to White participants was 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11, 4.43) after multivariable adjustment. About half of the difference in the knowledge score between ACB versus White patients was mediated by distrust in the kidney allocation system. Conclusion Participants with kidney failure from ACB communities have less transplant-related knowledge compared to White participants. Distrust is potentially contributing to this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzan Hamid
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program and Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jasleen Gill
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program and Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Princess Okoh
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program and Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nawang Yanga
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program and Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vardaan Gupta
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program and Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jing Chen Zhang
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program and Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Navneet Singh
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program and Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Matelski
- Biostatistical Research Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Priscilla Boakye
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carl E. James
- Jean Augustine Chair in Education, Community & Diaspora, Faculty of Education, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Waterman
- Department of Surgery and J.C. Walter Jr. Transplant Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Istvan Mucsi
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program and Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Restall G, Ukoli P, Mehta P, Hydesmith E, Payne M. Resisting and disrupting HIV-related stigma: a photovoice study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2062. [PMID: 37864144 PMCID: PMC10590010 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stigma associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a significant global public health concern. Health care providers and policy makers continue to struggle with understanding and implementing strategies to reduce HIV-related stigma in particular contexts and at the intersections of additional oppressions. Perspectives and direction from people living with HIV are imperative. METHODS In this project we amplified the voices of people living with HIV about their experiences of HIV-related stigma in Manitoba, Canada. We used an arts-based qualitative case study research design using photovoice and narrative interviews. Adults living with HIV participated by taking pictures that represented their stigma experiences. The photos were a catalyst for conversations about HIV and stigma during follow-up individual narrative interviews. Journaling provided opportunities for participants to reflect on their experiences of, and resistance to, stigma. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Photos, journals, and transcribed interviews were analyzed using inductive qualitative methods RESULTS: Through pictures and dialogue, participants (N = 11; 64% women) expressed the emotional and social impacts of stigmas that were created and supported by oppressive structures and interpersonal attitudes and behaviours. These experiences were compounded by intersecting forms of oppression including racism, sexism, and homophobia. Participants also relayed stories of their personal strategies and transitions toward confronting stigma. Strategies were themed as caring for oneself, caring for children and pets, reconstituting social support networks, and resisting and disrupting stigma. Participants made important recommendations for system and policy change. CONCLUSIONS These stories of oppression and resistance can inspire action to reduce HIV-related stigma. People living with HIV can consider the strategies to confront stigma that were shared in these stories. Health care providers and policy makers can take concerted actions to support peoples' transitions to resisting stigmas. They can facilitate supportive and anti-oppressive health and social service systems that address medical care as well as basic needs for food, shelter, income, and positive social and community connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle Restall
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada.
| | - Patricia Ukoli
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Punam Mehta
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Hydesmith
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Arts, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mike Payne
- Nine Circles Community Health Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Graham T, Nyambi A, Barkhad A, Stevens-Uninsky M, Rehman N, Bhatnagar N, Mbuagbaw L. HIV and Black People in Canada: Protocol for a Scoping Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e49066. [PMID: 37862080 PMCID: PMC10625082 DOI: 10.2196/49066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Race-based health information is necessary to address disproportionate barriers racial communities face and to achieve optimal health outcomes. In Canada, Black people are disproportionately affected by HIV. There is an emerging body of literature on this topic, but a concise summary is lacking. There is a need to collectively and critically analyze research on HIV in the Black population in Canada to identify knowledge gaps and address this disproportionate burden. OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review is to summarize the evidence on HIV and Black people in Canada. The main outcomes of interest are HIV prevalence, access to care, HIV prevention and treatment, the HIV care cascade, and related HIV outcomes. Through this scoping review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature and highlight topics that need more investigation in future research. METHODS We will conduct a scoping review of electronic databases using a systematic search strategy for qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods studies reporting on HIV and Black people in Canada. We will conduct our searches in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Google Scholar for literature published between 1985 and 2023. Gray literature, including government reports, dissertations, and other reports, will be included. Search results will be screened, and the full text of relevant literature will be retrieved. The extraction of data will be conducted independently by 2 reviewers. Consensus meetings will be held to resolve conflicts. Our results will be reported according to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews). RESULTS The initial title and abstract review identified 447 articles. These articles will be critically appraised, and relevant information will be extracted. Information from these articles will be compared using charts and tables. Screening will start in November 2023, and we anticipate publishing the scoping review in June 2024. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this scoping review will help inform policy, practice, and research on HIV and Black people in Canada. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/49066.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Graham
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Agatha Nyambi
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Aisha Barkhad
- Department of Global Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nadia Rehman
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Neera Bhatnagar
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for the Development of Best Practices in Health, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Yang M, Daftary A, Mendelsohn JB, Ryan M, Bullock S, Bisaillon L, Bourne A, Lebouché B, Thompson T, Calzavara L. "Live a normal life": Constructions of resilience among people in mixed HIV status relationships in Canada. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281301. [PMID: 36888619 PMCID: PMC9994671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive Plus One is a mixed-methods study of long-term mixed HIV-serostatus relationships in Canada (2016-19). Qualitative interviews with 51 participants (10 women, 41 men, including 27 HIV-positive and 24 HIV-negative partners) were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis to examine notions of relationship resilience in the context of emerging HIV social campaigns. Relationship resilience meant finding ways to build and enact life as a normal couple, that is, a couple not noticeably affected by HIV, linked to the partner with HIV maintaining viral suppression and achieving "undetectable = untransmittable" (U = U). Regardless of serostatus, participants with material resources, social networks, and specialized care were better able to construct resilience for HIV-related challenges within their relationships. Compared to heterosexual couples and those facing socioeconomic adversity, gay and bisexual couples were easier able to disclose, and access capital, networks and resources supporting resilience. We conclude that important pathways of constructing, shaping, and maintaining resilience were influenced by the timing of HIV diagnosis in the relationship, access to HIV-related information and services, disclosure, stigma and social acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Yang
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amrita Daftary
- School of Global Health, and Dahdaleh Institute of Global Health Research, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joshua B. Mendelsohn
- College of Health Professions, Pace University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Molly Ryan
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandra Bullock
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Bisaillon
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adam Bourne
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bertrand Lebouché
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness, and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tamara Thompson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Douglas College, Coquitlam, Canada
| | - Liviana Calzavara
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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