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Klein EG, Shoben AB, Carpenter KM, Mullis K, Nemeth JM, Mayers E, Vickerman KA. A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Quitline Vaping Cessation Intervention: Baseline Characteristics of Young Adult Exclusive E-Cigarette Users Seeking Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:809. [PMID: 38929055 PMCID: PMC11203730 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Despite interest in quitting vaping among young adults (YAs), little is known about characteristics of e-cigarette (EC) users seeking treatment. In this study, YAs aged 18-24 living in the United States interested in vaping cessation treatment were recruited to complete an online survey regarding demographics and EC use. Primary eligibility criteria were EC use on at least 20 days per month (no other tobacco use), and interest in quitting in the next month. We report descriptive statistics for those who did and did not complete a mandatory coaching call (n = 981). In this sample, most EC users reported high nicotine dependence, a history of unsuccessful quit attempts (including 29.4% with previous NRT use), along with stress, anxiety, and depression. There were few meaningful differences in demographics, EC use behaviors, or behavioral health factors between those who engaged with a phone coaching call (fully enrolled in study; n = 508), and those who did not (n = 473). YAs demonstrated interest in vaping cessation support, but there were no clear characteristics for the half who did not complete a coaching call. Vaping cessation program designers should consider tailoring for the self-reported behavioral health concerns present in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G. Klein
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.B.S.); (J.M.N.); (E.M.)
| | - Abigail B. Shoben
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.B.S.); (J.M.N.); (E.M.)
| | - Kelly M. Carpenter
- RVO Health, 1101 Red Ventures Drive, Fort Mill, SC 29707, USA; (K.M.C.); (K.M.); (K.A.V.)
| | - Kristina Mullis
- RVO Health, 1101 Red Ventures Drive, Fort Mill, SC 29707, USA; (K.M.C.); (K.M.); (K.A.V.)
| | - Julianna M. Nemeth
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.B.S.); (J.M.N.); (E.M.)
| | - Elizabeth Mayers
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.B.S.); (J.M.N.); (E.M.)
| | - Katrina A. Vickerman
- RVO Health, 1101 Red Ventures Drive, Fort Mill, SC 29707, USA; (K.M.C.); (K.M.); (K.A.V.)
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Brown S, Barman-Adhikari A, Garcia K, Chassman S, Hsu HT, Petering R, Santa Maria D, Narendorf S, Shelton J, Bender K, Ferguson K. Substance use typologies among young people experiencing homelessness in seven cities across the United States: A latent class analysis. Addict Behav 2024; 150:107929. [PMID: 38056194 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use and other health-risk risk factors, including mental health, trauma, and sexual-risk behaviors, often co-occur among youth experiencing homelessness (YEH). The present study aimed to identify subgroups of YEH based on polysubstance use and the linkages to sociodemographic and health-risk characteristics. METHODS From June 2016 to July 2017, 1,426 YEH (aged 18-26 years) were recruited from seven cities (Houston, Los Angeles, Denver, Phoenix, New York City, St. Louis, San Jose). Participants provided information via a self-administered electronic survey on substance use, mental health, trauma, sexual risk behaviors, and sociodemographic characteristics. The majority of YEH identified as Black (37.3%), cisgender (92.8%), and heterosexual (69.2%). On average, YEH were 20.9 years (SD = 2.1). This study employed latent class analysis (LCA) to identify subgroups of YEH according to their substance use. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify sociodemographic and health-risk characteristics associated with class-membership. RESULTS Four latent classes of YEH substance use were identified: (1) high polysubstance use; (2) moderate stimulant and high marijuana, alcohol, and prescription drug use; (3) high marijuana, alcohol, and prescription drug use; (4) low/moderate marijuana and alcohol use. Multinomial logistic regression models indicated that geographic location, gender, race/ethnicity, mental health, trauma history, and sexual risk behaviors were significant correlates of substance use class membership among YEH. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer important implications for the prevention and treatment of substance use among YEH. Screening protocols should consider co-occurring risk factors such as traumatic experiences, sexual risk behaviors, and mental health history as indicators of polysubstance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Brown
- School of Social Work, Colorado State University, 450 W Pitkin St, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.
| | - Anamika Barman-Adhikari
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, 2148 S. High St., Denver, CO 80208, USA.
| | - Kevin Garcia
- School of Social Work, Colorado State University, 450 W Pitkin St, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Stephanie Chassman
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, 2148 S. High St., Denver, CO 80208, USA.
| | - Hsun-Ta Hsu
- School of Social Work, University of Missouri, 729 Clark Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Robin Petering
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 1150 South Olive Street, 1503-1, Los Angeles, CA 90015, USA
| | - Diane Santa Maria
- Department of Nursing Systems, Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6901 Bertner Ave., Ste. 591, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah Narendorf
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, 3511 Cullen Blvd. #110HA, Houston, TX 77204-4013, USA
| | - Jama Shelton
- Silberman School of Social Work at Hunter College, 2180 Third Ave., New York, NY 10035, USA
| | - Kimberly Bender
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, 2148 S. High St., Denver, CO 80208, USA.
| | - Kristin Ferguson
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Ave., #865, Phoenix, AZ 85004-0689, USA
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Nemeth JM, Glasser AM, Macisco J, Hinton A, Wermert A, Patterson JG, Sucaldito A, Gilson C, Kemble H, Garbsch E, Caponi J. Identifying Novel Motivation Phase-Specific Cessation Targets for Youth Experiencing Homelessness in the United States. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:237-244. [PMID: 37725951 PMCID: PMC10803121 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Of youth experiencing homelessness (YEH; 14-24 years old), 70%+ smoke combustible, commercial tobacco. Though many have tried to quit, most use ineffective methods. Drop-in centers for YEH are opportune places to link YEH to evidence-based treatment. Using the Phase-Based Model (PBM) for Cessation Research, the aim of this study was to identify "Motivation" phase-specific challenges impacting YEH's willingness to make a quit attempt-the goal of this cessation phase. AIMS AND METHODS Surveys were interview administered with 96 past-week combusted tobacco users accessing drop-in services. Regression models were fit to confirm hypothesized challenges impacting YEH's willingness to quit. RESULTS Moderate nicotine dependence was noted-a key Motivation phase cessation mechanism targeted-and was associated with population challenges including, but not limited to, replacing food with tobacco, accidental oxygen-deprivation events, and smoking to socialize. While 67.1% of participants made a past-year quit attempt, 45.8% expressed 30-day quit interest. Dimensions of coping with housing were associated with quit attempts and quit interest. Quit attempts were also associated with nicotine dependence, working, and smoking to socialize. Whereas, quit interest was associated with less endorsement of smoking to regulate affect and more endorsement to avoid danger. CONCLUSIONS Though common challenges targeted in Motivation phase cessation exist among YEH, other challenges may also need to be addressed to promote quitting. IMPLICATIONS Future research in optimizing evidence-based cessation access for YEH through drop-in centers may consider addressing the challenges of housing, food security, social context, violence, and neurotrauma sequela to bolster YEH willingness to make a quit attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna M Nemeth
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Allison M Glasser
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Nicotine and Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph Macisco
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alice Hinton
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy Wermert
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joanne G Patterson
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ana Sucaldito
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carra Gilson
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Hannah Kemble
- Division of Health Sciences Management and Policy, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ellen Garbsch
- Division of Health Sciences Management and Policy, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jacob Caponi
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Micalizzi L, Mattingly DT, Hart JL, Jensen JK, Mahabee-Gittens EM, Garrison KA. Smartphone Apps Targeting Youth Tobacco Use Prevention and Cessation: An Assessment of Credibility and Quality. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2023; 10:649-663. [PMID: 38680515 PMCID: PMC11052596 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-023-00524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The goals of this study were to identify smartphone apps targeting youth tobacco use prevention and/or cessation discussed in the academic literature and/or available in the Apple App Store and to review and rate the credibility of the apps. We took a multiphase approach in a non-systematic review that involved conducting parallel literature and App Store searches, screening the returned literature and apps for inclusion, characterizing the studies and apps, and evaluating app quality using a standardized rating scale. Recent Findings The negative consequences of youth tobacco use initiation are profound and far-reaching. Half of the youth who use nicotine want to quit, but quit rates are low. The integration of smartphone apps shows promise in complementing and enhancing evidence-based youth tobacco prevention and treatment methods. Summary Consistent with prior reviews, we identified a disconnect between apps that are readily accessible and those that have an evidence base, and many popular apps received low quality scores. Findings suggest a need for better integration between evidence-based and popular, available apps targeting youth tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Micalizzi
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Delvon T. Mattingly
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Center for Health Equity Transformation, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Joy L. Hart
- Department of Communication and Christina Lee Brown Environme Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Jessica King Jensen
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, Johnson Medical School,, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Felner JK, Calzo JP. Housing status as a social determinant of disparities in adolescent smoking, vaping, and dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Addict Behav 2023; 141:107631. [PMID: 36821879 PMCID: PMC10771816 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how various housing situations among adolescents may be associated with differential patterns of smoking and vaping-information with practical relevance for tobacco prevention and control efforts. We analyzed disparities by housing status in past 30-day smoking, vaping, and dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes/vape products among adolescents participating in the population-based California Healthy Kids Survey (N = 931,355; 2017-2019). Generalized linear mixed models for a categorical outcome quantified differences in prevalence and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of smoking only, vaping only, and dual use among adolescents in various housing situations relative to their peers living in a home with one or more parents/guardians or other relatives. Our findings suggest adolescents living in a friend's home; adolescents living in a hotel, motel, shelter, car, campground, or other transitional or temporary housing; and adolescents living in a foster home, group care, or waiting placement evidenced pronounced disparities in past 30-day smoking only (AORs: 3.16-3.40, ps < 0.0001) and dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes/other nicotine vape products (AOR: 3.73-5.83, ps < 0.0001) relative to their peers living in a home with one or more parents/guardians or other relatives. Vaping only disparities, although significant, were relatively smaller (AORs: 1.53-1.88, ps < 0.0001). These findings emphasize housing as a social determinant of smoking, vaping, and dual use disparities among adolescents and have implications for multilevel preventive intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Felner
- San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, United States; Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Jerel P Calzo
- San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, United States; Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego, CA, United States
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