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Zhao Y, Mao W, Liu B, Wang YF, Zhang SY, Guo LL, Qian YH, Gong ZG, Zhao JM, Yang XL, Qu GG, Hasi SR, Bai YT, Cao JS. Preparation of ceftiofur-encapsulated hen-egg low-density lipoproteins and their antibacterial effects on intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134840. [PMID: 39217040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Hen egg low-density lipoprotein (heLDL), as alternative of serum-derived LDL, was used as drug delivery system of ceftiofur (CEF). The CEF-loaded hen egg low-density lipoprotein (CEF-heLDL) with complete apolipoprotein structure and high drug loading rate was synthesized, possesses suitable particle size. CEF-heLDL undergoes cellular uptake and colocalizes with lysosomes in vitro. An intracellular infection model of the bovine endometrial epithelial cells and a coeliac-induced inflammation model of mice by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were established, and significantly lower intracellular S. aureus levels of CEF-heLDL group than CEF-free group (P < 0.001) was observed. The antibacterial efficacy was sustained for 24 h. Up to 400 mg/kg of CEF-heLDL, 20 times the clinical practice, were intraperitoneally administrated, and no significant toxicity signs on mice were observed. HeLDLs is an effective, safe, and cheap drug carrier, and could also be used for transmembrane delivering other antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China; Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, China
| | - Shuang-Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China
| | - Li-Li Guo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China
| | - Ying-Hong Qian
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Gong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China
| | - Jia-Min Zhao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China
| | - Gang-Gang Qu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China
| | - Su-Rong Hasi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China.
| | - Yu-Ting Bai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China.
| | - Jin-Shan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011 Hohhot City, China.
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Lin Q, Zheng Z, Ni H, Xu Y, Nie H. Cellular senescence-Related genes define the immune microenvironment and molecular characteristics in severe asthma patients. Gene 2024; 919:148502. [PMID: 38670389 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cellular senescence is involved in the pathogenesis of severe asthma (SA). The objective of this study was to investigate the role of cellular senescence-related genes (CSGs) in the pathogenesis of SA. Here, 54 differentially expressed CSGs were identified in SA patients compared to healthy control individuals. Among the 54 differentially expressed CSGs, 3 CSGs (ETS2, ETS1 and AURKA) were screened using the LASSO regression analysis and logistic regression analysis to establish the CSG-based prediction model to predict severe asthma. Moreover, we found that the protein expression levels of ETS2, ETS1 and AURKA were increased in the severe asthma mouse model. Then, two distinct senescence subtypes of SA with distinct immune microenvironments and molecular biological characteristics were identified. Cluster 1 was characterized by increased infiltration of immature dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, and other cells. Cluster 2 was characterized by increased infiltration levels of eosinophils, neutrophils, and other cells. The molecular biological characteristics of Cluster 1 included aerobic respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, whereas the molecular biological characteristics of Cluster 2 included activation of the immune response and immune receptor activity. Then, we established an Random Forest model to predict the senescence subtypes of SA to guide treatment. Finally, potential drugs were searched for each senescence subgroup of SA patients via the Connectivity Map database. A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist may be a potential therapeutic drug for patients in Cluster 1, whereas a tachykinin antagonist may be a potential therapeutic drug for patients in Cluster 2. In summary, CSGs are likely involved in the pathogenesis of SA, which may lead to new therapeutic options for SA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zhishui Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Haiyang Ni
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yaqing Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Hanxiang Nie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China.
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3
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Potaczek DP, Bazan-Socha S, Wypasek E, Wygrecka M, Garn H. Recent Developments in the Role of Histone Acetylation in Asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024; 185:641-651. [PMID: 38522416 DOI: 10.1159/000536460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic modifications are known to mediate both beneficial and unfavorable effects of environmental exposures on the development and clinical course of asthma. On the molecular level, epigenetic mechanisms participate in multiple aspects of the emerging and ongoing asthma pathology. SUMMARY Studies performed in the last several years expand our knowledge on the role of histone acetylation, a classical epigenetic mark, in the regulation of (patho)physiological processes of diverse cells playing a central role in asthma, including those belonging to the immune system (e.g., CD4+ T cells, macrophages) and lung structure (e.g., airway epithelial cells, pulmonary fibroblasts). Those studies demonstrate a number of specific histone acetylation-associated mechanisms and pathways underlying pathological processes characteristic for asthma, as well as report their modification modalities. KEY MESSAGES Dietary modulation of histone acetylation levels in the immune system might protect against the development of asthma and other allergies. Interfering with the enzymes controlling the histone acetylation status of structural lung and (local) immune cells might provide future therapeutic options for asthmatics. Despite some methodological obstacles, analysis of the histone acetylation levels might improve asthma diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Potaczek
- Translational Inflammation Research Division and Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Marburg, Germany
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Member of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
- Bioscientia MVZ Labor Mittelhessen GmbH, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stanisława Bazan-Socha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Wypasek
- Krakow Center for Medical Research and Technology, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wygrecka
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Member of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Lung Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Holger Garn
- Translational Inflammation Research Division and Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Marburg, Germany
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4
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Kwon Y, Choi Y, Kim M, Jo H, Jeong MS, Jung HS, Jeoung D. HDAC6-MYCN-CXCL3 axis mediates allergic inflammation and is necessary for allergic inflammation-promoted cellular interactions. Mol Immunol 2024; 166:1-15. [PMID: 38176167 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been shown to play an important role in allergic inflammation. This study hypothesized that novel downstream targets of HDAC6 would mediate allergic inflammation. Experiments employing HDAC6 knock out C57BL/6 mice showed that HDAC6 mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA). Antigen stimulation increased expression of N-myc (MYCN) and CXCL3 in an HDAC6-dependent manner in the bone marrow-derived mast cells. MYCN and CXCL3 were necessary for both PCA and PSA. The role of early growth response 3 (EGR3) in the regulation of HDAC6 expression has been reported. ChIP assays showed EGR3 as a direct regulator of MYCN. miR-34a-5p was predicted to be a negative regulator of MYCN. Luciferase activity assays showed miR-34a-5p as a direct regulator of MYCN. miR-34a-5p mimic negatively regulated PCA and PSA. MYCN decreased miR-34a-5p expression in antigen-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL2H3). MYCN was shown to bind to the promoter sequence of CXCL3. In an IgE-independent manner, recombinant CXCL3 protein increased expression of HDAC6, MYCN, and β-hexosaminidase activity in RBL2H3 cells. Mouse recombinant CXCL3 protein enhanced the angiogenic potential of the culture medium of RBL2H3. CXCL3 was necessary for the enhanced angiogenic potential of the culture medium of antigen-stimulated RBL2H3. The culture medium of RBL2H3 was able to induce M2 macrophage polarization in a CXCL3-dependent manner. Recombinant CXCL3 protein also increased the expression of markers of M2 macrophage. Thus, the identification of the novel role of HDAC6-MYCN-CXCL3 axis can help better understand the pathogenesis of anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Yunji Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Misun Kim
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea
| | - Hyein Jo
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Myeong Seon Jeong
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
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5
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Cardenas A, Fadadu RP, Koppelman GH. Epigenome-wide association studies of allergic disease and the environment. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:582-590. [PMID: 37295475 PMCID: PMC10564109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The epigenome is at the intersection of the environment, genotype, and cellular response. DNA methylation of cytosine nucleotides, the most studied epigenetic modification, has been systematically evaluated in human studies by using untargeted epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) and shown to be both sensitive to environmental exposures and associated with allergic diseases. In this narrative review, we summarize findings from key EWASs previously conducted on this topic; interpret results from recent studies; and discuss the strengths, challenges, and opportunities regarding epigenetics research on the environment-allergy relationship. The majority of these EWASs have systematically investigated select environmental exposures during the prenatal and early childhood periods and allergy-associated epigenetic changes in leukocyte-isolated DNA and more recently in nasal cells. Overall, many studies have found consistent DNA methylation associations across cohorts for certain exposures, such as smoking (eg, aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor gene [AHRR] gene), and allergic diseases (eg, EPX gene). We recommend the integration of both environmental exposures and allergy or asthma within long-term prospective designs to strengthen causality as well as biomarker development. Future studies should collect paired target tissues to examine compartment-specific epigenetic responses, incorporate genetic influences in DNA methylation (methylation quantitative trait locus), replicate findings across diverse populations, and carefully interpret epigenetic signatures from bulk, target tissue or isolated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Raj P Fadadu
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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6
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Ehrhardt B, El-Merhie N, Kovacevic D, Schramm J, Bossen J, Roeder T, Krauss-Etschmann S. Airway remodeling: The Drosophila model permits a purely epithelial perspective. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:876673. [PMID: 36187164 PMCID: PMC9520053 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.876673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is an umbrella term for structural changes in the conducting airways that occur in chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The pathobiology of remodeling involves multiple mesenchymal and lymphoid cell types and finally leads to a variety of hardly reversible changes such as hyperplasia of goblet cells, thickening of the reticular basement membrane, deposition of collagen, peribronchial fibrosis, angiogenesis and hyperplasia of bronchial smooth muscle cells. In order to develop solutions for prevention or innovative therapies, these complex processes must be understood in detail which requires their deconstruction into individual building blocks. In the present manuscript we therefore focus on the role of the airway epithelium and introduce Drosophila melanogaster as a model. The simple architecture of the flies’ airways as well as the lack of adaptive immunity allows to focus exclusively on the importance of the epithelium for the remodeling processes. We will review and discuss genetic and environmentally induced changes in epithelial structures and molecular responses and propose an integrated framework of research for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Ehrhardt
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Natalia El-Merhie
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Draginja Kovacevic
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Juliana Schramm
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Judith Bossen
- Division of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Division of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Division of Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
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7
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Legaki E, Arsenis C, Taka S, Papadopoulos NG. DNA methylation biomarkers in asthma and rhinitis: Are we there yet? Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12131. [PMID: 35344303 PMCID: PMC8967268 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of epigenetics has improved our understanding of mechanisms underpinning gene‐environment interactions and is providing new insights in the pathophysiology of respiratory allergic diseases. We reviewed the literature on DNA methylation patterns across different tissues in asthma and/or rhinitis and attempted to elucidate differentially methylated loci that could be used to characterize asthma or rhinitis. Although nasal and bronchial epithelia are similar in their histological structure and cellular composition, genetic and epigenetic regulation may differ across tissues. Advanced methods have enabled comprehensive, high‐throughput methylation profiling of different tissues (bronchial or nasal epithelial cells, whole blood or isolated mononuclear cells), in subjects with respiratory conditions, aiming to elucidate gene regulation mechanisms and identify new biomarkers. Several genes and CpGs have been suggested as asthma biomarkers, though research on allergic rhinitis is still lacking. The most common differentially methylated loci presented in both blood and nasal samples are ACOT7, EPX, KCNH2, SIGLEC8, TNIK, FOXP1, ATPAF2, ZNF862, ADORA3, ARID3A, IL5RA, METRNL and ZFPM1. Overall, there is substantial variation among studies, (i.e. sample sizes, age groups and disease phenotype). Greater variability of analysis method detailed phenotypic characterization and age stratification should be taken into account in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Legaki
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Second Pediatric Clinic National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Christos Arsenis
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Second Pediatric Clinic National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Styliani Taka
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Second Pediatric Clinic National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Second Pediatric Clinic National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
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8
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Epigenetics is Promising Direction in Modern Science. CHEMISTRY-DIDACTICS-ECOLOGY-METROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/cdem-2021-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Epigenetics studies the inherited changes in a phenotype or in expression of genes caused by other mechanisms, without changing the nucleotide sequence of DNA. The most distinguished epigenetic tools are: modifications of histones, enzymatic DNA methylation, and gene silencing mediated by small RNAs (miRNA, siRNA). The resulting m5C residues in DNA substantially affect the cooperation of proteins with DNA. It is organized by hormones and aging-related alterations, one of the mechanisms controlling sex and cellular differentiation. DNA methylation regulates all genetic functions: repair, recombination, DNA replication, as well as transcription. Distortions in DNA methylation and other epigenetic signals lead to diabetes, premature aging, mental dysfunctions, and cancer.
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9
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Beckman MF, Mougeot FB, Mougeot JLC. Comorbidities and Susceptibility to COVID-19: A Generalized Gene Set Data Mining Approach. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1666. [PMID: 33924631 PMCID: PMC8070572 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to over 2.26 million deaths for almost 104 million confirmed cases worldwide, as of 4 February 2021 (WHO). Risk factors include pre-existing conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. Although several vaccines have been deployed, there are few alternative anti-viral treatments available in the case of reduced or non-existent vaccine protection. Adopting a long-term holistic approach to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic appears critical with the emergence of novel and more infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our objective was to identify comorbidity-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), potentially conferring increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection using a computational meta-analysis approach. SNP datasets were downloaded from a publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) catalog for 141 of 258 candidate COVID-19 comorbidities. Gene-level SNP analysis was performed to identify significant pathways by using the program MAGMA. An SNP annotation program was used to analyze MAGMA-identified genes. Differential gene expression was determined for significant genes across 30 general tissue types using the Functional and Annotation Mapping of GWAS online tool GENE2FUNC. COVID-19 comorbidities (n = 22) from six disease categories were found to have significant associated pathways, validated by Q-Q plots (p < 0.05). Protein-protein interactions of significant (p < 0.05) differentially expressed genes were visualized with the STRING program. Gene interaction networks were found to be relevant to SARS and influenza pathogenesis. In conclusion, we were able to identify the pathways potentially affected by or affecting SARS-CoV-2 infection in underlying medical conditions likely to confer susceptibility and/or the severity of COVID-19. Our findings have implications in future COVID-19 experimental research and treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farah Bahrani Mougeot
- Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA;
| | - Jean-Luc C. Mougeot
- Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA;
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10
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Hachim MY, Elemam NM, Ramakrishnan RK, Bajbouj K, Olivenstein R, Hachim IY, Al Heialy S, Hamid Q, Busch H, Hamoudi R. Wnt Signaling Is Deranged in Asthmatic Bronchial Epithelium and Fibroblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641404. [PMID: 33791298 PMCID: PMC8006921 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway alterations have been documented in pulmonary disease pathogenesis and progression; therefore, they can be an attractive target for pharmaceutical management of severe asthma. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was shown to link early embryonic lung development impairment to later in life asthmatic airway remodeling. Here we explored the changes in Wnt signaling associated with asthma initiation and progression in epithelial and fibroblasts using a comprehensive approach based on in silico analysis and followed by in vitro validation. In summary, the in silico analysis showed that the bronchial epithelium of severe asthmatic patients showed a deranged balance between Wnt enhancer and Wnt inhibitors. A Th2-high phenotype is associated with upregulated Wnt-negative regulators, while inflammatory and neutrophilic severe asthmatics showed higher canonical Wnt signaling member enrichment. Most of these genes are regulators of healthy lung development early in life and, if disturbed, can make people susceptible to developing asthma early in life and prone to developing a severe phenotype. Most of the Wnt members are secreted, and their effect can be in an autocrine fashion on the bronchial epithelium, paracrine on nearby adjacent structural cells like fibroblasts and smooth muscles, or systemic in blood. Our results showed that canonical Wnt signaling is needed for the proper response of cells to proliferative stimuli, which puts cells under stress. Cells in response to this proliferative stress will activate the senescence mechanism, which is also dependent on Wnt signaling. Inhibition of Wnt signaling using FH535 inhibits both proliferation and senescence markers in bronchial fibroblasts compared to DMSO-treated cells. In fibroblasts from asthmatic patients, inhibition of Wnt signaling did not show that effect as the Wnt signaling is deranged besides other pathways that might be non-functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Yaseen Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noha Mousaad Elemam
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rakhee K Ramakrishnan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ibrahim Yaseen Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- College of Medicine, Mohammed bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hauke Busch
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Institute for Experimental Dermatology, Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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The Airway Epithelium-A Central Player in Asthma Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238907. [PMID: 33255348 PMCID: PMC7727704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction in response to a wide range of exogenous stimuli. The airway epithelium is the first line of defense and plays an important role in initiating host defense and controlling immune responses. Indeed, increasing evidence indicates a range of abnormalities in various aspects of epithelial barrier function in asthma. A central part of this impairment is a disruption of the airway epithelial layer, allowing inhaled substances to pass more easily into the submucosa where they may interact with immune cells. Furthermore, many of the identified susceptibility genes for asthma are expressed in the airway epithelium. This review focuses on the biology of the airway epithelium in health and its pathobiology in asthma. We will specifically discuss external triggers such as allergens, viruses and alarmins and the effect of type 2 inflammatory responses on airway epithelial function in asthma. We will also discuss epigenetic mechanisms responding to external stimuli on the level of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, as well the airway epithelium as a potential treatment target in asthma.
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12
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Alashkar Alhamwe B, Miethe S, Pogge von Strandmann E, Potaczek DP, Garn H. Epigenetic Regulation of Airway Epithelium Immune Functions in Asthma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1747. [PMID: 32973742 PMCID: PMC7461869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract characterized by recurrent breathing problems resulting from airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness. Human airway epithelium plays an important role in the initiation and control of the immune responses to different types of environmental factors contributing to asthma pathogenesis. Using pattern recognition receptors airway epithelium senses external stimuli, such as allergens, microbes, or pollutants, and subsequently secretes endogenous danger signaling molecules alarming and activating dendritic cells. Hence, airway epithelial cells not only mediate innate immune responses but also bridge them with adaptive immune responses involving T and B cells that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of asthma. The effects of environmental factors on the development of asthma are mediated, at least in part, by epigenetic mechanisms. Those comprise classical epigenetics including DNA methylation and histone modifications affecting transcription, as well as microRNAs influencing translation. The common feature of such mechanisms is that they regulate gene expression without affecting the nucleotide sequence of the genomic DNA. Epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role in the regulation of different cell populations involved in asthma pathogenesis, with the remarkable example of T cells. Recently, however, there is increasing evidence that epigenetic mechanisms are also crucial for the regulation of airway epithelial cells, especially in the context of epigenetic transfer of environmental effects contributing to asthma pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the accumulating evidence for this very important aspect of airway epithelial cell pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Alashkar Alhamwe
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Marburg, Germany.,College of Pharmacy, International University for Science and Technology (IUST), Daraa, Syria.,Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Institute of Tumor Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Miethe
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Marburg, Germany.,Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Institute of Tumor Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel P Potaczek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Marburg, Germany.,John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Holger Garn
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Marburg, Germany.,Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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13
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Fang L, Sun Q, Roth M. Immunologic and Non-Immunologic Mechanisms Leading to Airway Remodeling in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030757. [PMID: 31979396 PMCID: PMC7037330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma increases worldwide without any definite reason and patient numbers double every 10 years. Drugs used for asthma therapy relax the muscles and reduce inflammation, but none of them inhibited airway wall remodeling in clinical studies. Airway wall remodeling can either be induced through pro-inflammatory cytokines released by immune cells, or direct binding of IgE to smooth muscle cells, or non-immunological stimuli. Increasing evidence suggests that airway wall remodeling is initiated early in life by epigenetic events that lead to cell type specific pathologies, and modulate the interaction between epithelial and sub-epithelial cells. Animal models are only available for remodeling in allergic asthma, but none for non-allergic asthma. In human asthma, the mechanisms leading to airway wall remodeling are not well understood. In order to improve the understanding of this asthma pathology, the definition of “remodeling” needs to be better specified as it summarizes a wide range of tissue structural changes. Second, it needs to be assessed if specific remodeling patterns occur in specific asthma pheno- or endo-types. Third, the interaction of the immune cells with tissue forming cells needs to be assessed in both directions; e.g., do immune cells always stimulate tissue cells or are inflamed tissue cells calling immune cells to the rescue? This review aims to provide an overview on immunologic and non-immunologic mechanisms controlling airway wall remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Pneumology, University Hospital & University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Qinzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research & Pneumology, University Hospital & University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-61-265-2337
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14
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Tost J. A translational perspective on epigenetics in allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 142:715-726. [PMID: 30195377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of epigenetic modifications in allergic diseases has recently attracted substantial interest because epigenetic modifications can mediate the effects of the environment on the development of or protection from allergic diseases. Furthermore, recent research has provided evidence for an altered epigenomic landscape in disease-relevant cell populations. Although still in the early phase, epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation and microRNAs, might have potential for assisting in the stratification of patients for treatment and complement or replace in the future biochemical or clinical tests. The first epigenetic biomarkers correlating with the successful outcome of immunotherapy have been reported, and with personalized treatment options being rolled out, epigenetic modifications might well play a role in monitoring or even predicting the response to tailored therapy. However, further studies in larger cohorts with well-defined phenotypes in specific cell populations need to be performed before their implementation. Furthermore, the epigenome provides an interesting target for therapeutic intervention, with microRNA mimics, inhibitors, and antisense oligonucleotides being evaluated in clinical trials in patients with other diseases. Selection or engineering of populations of extracellular vesicles and epigenetic editing represent novel tools for modulation of the cellular phenotype and responses, although further technological improvements are required. Moreover, interactions between the host epigenome and the microbiome are increasingly recognized, and interventions of the microbiome could contribute to modulation of the epigenome with a potential effect on the overall goal of prevention of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Evry, France.
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15
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Clifford RL, Patel J, MacIsaac JL, McEwen LM, Johnson SR, Shaw D, Knox AJ, Hackett TL, Kobor MS. Airway epithelial cell isolation techniques affect DNA methylation profiles with consequences for analysis of asthma related perturbations to DNA methylation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14409. [PMID: 31595000 PMCID: PMC6783553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium forms the interface between the inhaled environment and the lung. The airway epithelium is dysfunctional in asthma and epigenetic mechanisms are considered a contributory factor. We hypothesised that the DNA methylation profiles of cultured primary airway epithelial cells (AECs) would differ between cells isolated from individuals with asthma (n = 17) versus those without asthma (n = 16). AECs were isolated from patients by two different isolation techniques; pronase digestion (9 non-asthmatic, 8 asthmatic) and bronchial brushings (7 non-asthmatic and 9 asthmatic). DNA methylation was assessed using an Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. DNA methylation of AECs clustered by isolation technique and linear regression identified 111 CpG sites differentially methylated between isolation techniques in healthy individuals. As a consequence, the effect of asthmatic status on DNA methylation was assessed within AEC samples isolated using the same technique. In pronase isolated AECs, 15 DNA regions were differentially methylated between asthmatics and non-asthmatics. In bronchial brush isolated AECs, 849 differentially methylated DNA regions were identified with no overlap to pronase regions. In conclusion, regardless of cell isolation technique, differential DNA methylation was associated with asthmatic status in AECs, providing further evidence for aberrant DNA methylation as a signature of epithelial dysfunction in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Clifford
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham MRC Molecular Pathology Node, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK. .,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Jamie Patel
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham MRC Molecular Pathology Node, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Julia L MacIsaac
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa M McEwen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simon R Johnson
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham MRC Molecular Pathology Node, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dominick Shaw
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham MRC Molecular Pathology Node, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alan J Knox
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham MRC Molecular Pathology Node, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Edris A, den Dekker HT, Melén E, Lahousse L. Epigenome-wide association studies in asthma: A systematic review. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:953-968. [PMID: 31009112 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma is a common chronic respiratory airway disease influenced by environmental factors and possibly their interaction with the human genome causing epigenetic changes. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have mainly investigated DNA methylation and its association with disease or traits, exposure factors or gene expression. This systematic review aimed to identify all EWAS assessing differentially methylated sites associated with asthma in humans. DESIGN Structured systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort studies was used for bias assessment. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed and Embase databases from 2005 to 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Epigenome-wide association studies testing association between differential methylation and asthma in humans. RESULTS Overall, we identified 16 EWAS studies complying with our search criteria. Twelve studies were conducted on children, and 10 were conducted on sample sizes <150 subjects. Four hundred and nineteen CpGs were reported in children studies after correction for multiple testing. In the adult studies, thousands of differentially methylated sites were identified. Differential methylation in inflammatory-related genes correlated with higher levels of gene expressions of inflammatory modulators in asthma. Differentially methylated genes associated with asthma included SMAD3, SERPINC1, PROK1, IL13, RUNX3 and TIGIT. Forty-one CpGs were replicated at least once in blood samples, and 28 CpGs were replicated in nasal samples. CONCLUSION Although many differentially methylated CpGs in genes known to be involved in asthma have been identified in EWAS to date, we conclude that further studies of larger sample sizes and analyses of differential methylation between different phenotypes are needed in order to comprehensively evaluate the role of epigenetic factors in the pathophysiology and heterogeneity of asthma, and the potential clinical utility to predict or classify patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Edris
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Herman T den Dekker
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children's Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Tian B, Liu Z, Litvinov J, Maroto R, Jamaluddin M, Rytting E, Patrikeev I, Ochoa L, Vargas G, Motamedi M, Ameredes BT, Zhou J, Brasier AR. Efficacy of Novel Highly Specific Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4 Inhibitors in Innate Inflammation-Driven Airway Remodeling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:68-83. [PMID: 30153047 PMCID: PMC6348724 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0445oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB/RelA triggers innate inflammation by binding to bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), an atypical histone acetyltransferase (HAT). Although RelA·BRD4 HAT mediates acute neutrophilic inflammation, its role in chronic and functional airway remodeling is not known. We observed that BRD4 is required for Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated mesenchymal transition, a cell-state change that is characteristic of remodeling. We therefore tested two novel highly selective BRD4 inhibitors, ZL0420 and ZL0454, for their effects on chronic airway remodeling produced by repetitive TLR3 agonist challenges, and compared their efficacy with that of two nonselective bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein inhibitors, JQ1 and RVX208. We observed that ZL0420 and ZL0454 more potently reduced polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-induced weight loss and fibrosis as assessed by microcomputed tomography and second harmonic generation microscopy. These measures correlated with the collagen deposition observed in histopathology. Importantly, the ZL inhibitors were more effective than the nonselective BET inhibitors at equivalent doses. The ZL inhibitors had significant effects on lung physiology, reversing TLR3-associated airway hyperresponsiveness and increasing lung compliance in vivo. At the molecular level, ZL inhibitors reduced elaboration of the transforming growth factor-β-induced growth program, thereby preventing mucosal mesenchymal transition and disrupting BRD4 HAT activity and complex formation with RelA. We also observed that ZL0454 treatment blocked polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-associated expansion of the α-SMA1+/COL1A+ myofibroblast population and prevented myofibroblast transition in a coculture system. We conclude that 1) BRD4 is a central effector of the mesenchymal transition that results in paracrine activation of myofibroblasts, mechanistically linking innate inflammation to airway hyperresponsiveness and fibrosis, and 2) highly selective BRD4 inhibitors may be effective in reversing the effects of repetitive airway viral infections on innate inflammation-mediated remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bill T. Ameredes
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Institute for Translational Sciences
- Sealy Center for Environmental Health and Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; and
| | - Jia Zhou
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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18
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Gao L, Liu B, Mao W, Gao R, Zhang S, Duritahala, Fu C, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Wu J, Deng Y, Wu X, Cao J. PTGER2 activation induces PTGS-2 and growth factor gene expression in endometrial epithelial cells of cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 187:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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