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Vlashi R, Zhang X, Li H, Chen G. Potential therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis via CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:339-367. [PMID: 38055160 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an incapacitating and one of the most common physically degenerative conditions with an assorted etiology and a highly complicated molecular mechanism that to date lacks an efficient treatment. The capacity to design biological networks and accurately modify existing genomic sites holds an apt potential for applications across medical and biotechnological sciences. One of these highly specific genomes editing technologies is the CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism, referred to as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, which is a defense mechanism constituted by CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) directed by small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) that bind to target DNA through Watson-Crick base pairing rules where subsequent repair of the target DNA is initiated. Up-to-date research has established the effectiveness of the CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism in targeting the genetic and epigenetic alterations in OA by suppressing or deleting gene expressions and eventually distributing distinctive anti-arthritic properties in both in vitro and in vivo osteoarthritic models. This review aims to epitomize the role of this high-throughput and multiplexed gene editing method as an analogous therapeutic strategy that could greatly facilitate the clinical development of OA-related treatments since it's reportedly an easy, minimally invasive technique, and a comparatively less painful method for osteoarthritic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexhina Vlashi
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xingen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Surgery in Orthopaedics & Skeletal Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Haibo Li
- The Central Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China.
- Ningbo Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Embryogenic Diseases, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China.
| | - Guiqian Chen
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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2
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Nanomedicine and regenerative medicine approaches in osteoarthritis therapy. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:2305-2315. [PMID: 35867240 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common chronic joint disease, is a degenerative disease that affects 7% of the worldwide population, more than 500 million people all over the world. OA is the main factor of disability in elderly people which decreases the quality of life of patients. It is characterized by joint pain, low bone density, and deterioration of the joint structure. Despite ongoing novel advances in drug discovery and drug delivery, OA therapy is still a big challenge since there is no available effective treatment and the existing therapies mainly focus on pain and symptomatic management rather than improving and/or suppressing its progression. This review aims to summarize the currently available and novel emerging therapies for OA including regenerative medicine and nanotechnology-based materials and formulations at the clinical and experimental levels. Applications of regenerative medicine and novel technologies such as nanotechnology in OA treatments have opened a new window to support OA patients by offering treatments that could halt or delay OA progression satisfactorily or provide an effective cure in near future. Nanomedicine and regenerative medicine suggest novel alternatives in the regeneration of cartilage, repair of bone damage, and control of chronic pain in OA therapy.
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Schwartz NB, Domowicz MS. Roles of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans as Regulators of Skeletal Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:745372. [PMID: 35465334 PMCID: PMC9026158 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.745372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critically important for most cellular processes including differentiation, morphogenesis, growth, survival and regeneration. The interplay between cells and the ECM often involves bidirectional signaling between ECM components and small molecules, i.e., growth factors, morphogens, hormones, etc., that regulate critical life processes. The ECM provides biochemical and contextual information by binding, storing, and releasing the bioactive signaling molecules, and/or mechanical information that signals from the cell membrane integrins through the cytoskeleton to the nucleus, thereby influencing cell phenotypes. Using these dynamic, reciprocal processes, cells can also remodel and reshape the ECM by degrading and re-assembling it, thereby sculpting their environments. In this review, we summarize the role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans as regulators of cell and tissue development using the skeletal growth plate model, with an emphasis on use of naturally occurring, or created mutants to decipher the role of proteoglycan components in signaling paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy B. Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Nancy B. Schwartz,
| | - Miriam S. Domowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Oo WM, Little C, Duong V, Hunter DJ. The Development of Disease-Modifying Therapies for Osteoarthritis (DMOADs): The Evidence to Date. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:2921-2945. [PMID: 34262259 PMCID: PMC8273751 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s295224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex heterogeneous articular disease with multiple joint tissue involvement of varying severity and no regulatory-agency-approved disease-modifying drugs (DMOADs). In this review, we discuss the reasons necessitating the development of DMOADs for OA management, the classifications of clinical phenotypes or molecular/mechanistic endotypes from the viewpoint of targeted drug discovery, and then summarize the efficacy and safety profile of a range of targeted drugs in Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials directed to cartilage-driven, bone-driven, and inflammation-driven endotypes. Finally, we briefly put forward the reasons for failures in OA clinical trials and possible steps to overcome these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Min Oo
- Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mandalay General Hospital, University of Medicine, Mandalay, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Christopher Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vicky Duong
- Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David J Hunter
- Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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5
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Uzieliene I, Kalvaityte U, Bernotiene E, Mobasheri A. Non-viral Gene Therapy for Osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:618399. [PMID: 33520968 PMCID: PMC7838585 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.618399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies for delivering nucleic acids into damaged and diseased tissues have been divided into two major areas: viral and non-viral gene therapy. In this mini-review article we discuss the application of gene therapy for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), one of the most common forms of arthritis. We focus primarily on non-viral gene therapy and cell therapy. We briefly discuss the advantages and disadvantages of viral and non-viral gene therapy and review the nucleic acid transfer systems that have been used for gene delivery into articular chondrocytes in cartilage from the synovial joint. Although viral gene delivery has been more popular due to its reported efficiency, significant effort has gone into enhancing the transfection efficiency of non-viral delivery, making non-viral approaches promising tools for further application in basic, translational and clinical studies on OA. Non-viral gene delivery technologies have the potential to transform the future development of disease-modifying therapeutics for OA and related osteoarticular disorders. However, further research is needed to optimize transfection efficiency, longevity and duration of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ursule Kalvaityte
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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6
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Tang R, Xu Z. Gene therapy: a double-edged sword with great powers. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 474:73-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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The approved gene therapy drugs worldwide: from 1998 to 2019. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Poggi A, Zocchi MR. Immunomodulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Still Unresolved "Yin and Yang". Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:344-350. [PMID: 30516112 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666181205115452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are mesodermal elements characterized by the ability to differentiate into several types of cells present mainly in connective tissues. They play a key function in tissue homeostasis and repair. Furthermore, they exert a strong effect on both innate and adaptive immune response. The main current of thought considers MSC as strong inhibitors of the immune system. Indeed, the first description of MSC immunomodulation pointed out their inability to induce alloimmune responses and their veto effects on mixed lymphocyte reactions. This inhibition appears to be mediated both by direct MSC interaction with immune cells and by soluble factors. Unfortunately, evidence to support this notion comes almost exclusively from in vitro experiments. In complex experimental systems, it has been shown that MSC can exert immunosuppressive effects also in vivo, either in murine models or in transplanted patients to avoid the graft versus host disease. However, it is still debated how the small number of administered MSC can regulate efficiently a large number of host effector lymphocytes. In addition, some reports in the literature indicate that MSC can trigger rather than inhibit lymphocyte activation when a very low number of MSC are co-cultured with lymphocytes. This would imply that the ratio between the number of MSC and immune cells is a key point to forecast whether MSC will inhibit or activate the immune system. Herein, we discuss the conflicting results reported on the immunomodulatory effects of MSC to define which features are relevant to understand their behavior and cross-talk with immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria R Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Cavalli E, Levinson C, Hertl M, Broguiere N, Brück O, Mustjoki S, Gerstenberg A, Weber D, Salzmann G, Steinwachs M, Barreto G, Zenobi-Wong M. Characterization of polydactyly chondrocytes and their use in cartilage engineering. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4275. [PMID: 30862915 PMCID: PMC6414529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating cartilage injuries and degenerations represents an open surgical challenge. The recent advances in cell therapies have raised the need for a potent off-the-shelf cell source. Intra-articular injections of TGF-β transduced polydactyly chondrocytes have been proposed as a chronic osteoarthritis treatment but despite promising results, the use of gene therapy still raises safety concerns. In this study, we characterized infant, polydactyly chondrocytes during in vitro expansion and chondrogenic re-differentiation. Polydactyly chondrocytes have a steady proliferative rate and re-differentiate in 3D pellet culture after up to five passages. Additionally, we demonstrated that polydactyly chondrocytes produce cartilage-like matrix in a hyaluronan-based hydrogel, namely transglutaminase cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA-TG). We utilized the versatility of TG cross-linking to augment the hydrogels with heparin moieties. The heparin chains allowed us to load the scaffolds with TGF-β1, which induced cartilage-like matrix deposition both in vitro and in vivo in a subcutaneous mouse model. This strategy introduces the possibility to use infant, polydactyly chondrocytes for the clinical treatment of joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Cavalli
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication, Institute for Biomechanics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich), Otto-Stern-Weg 7, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clara Levinson
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication, Institute for Biomechanics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich), Otto-Stern-Weg 7, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hertl
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication, Institute for Biomechanics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich), Otto-Stern-Weg 7, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Broguiere
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication, Institute for Biomechanics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich), Otto-Stern-Weg 7, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Brück
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anja Gerstenberg
- Division of Hand Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Weber
- Division of Hand Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gian Salzmann
- Schulthess Clinic, Lengghalde 2, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Steinwachs
- Sport Clinic Zürich Hirslanden, Witellikerstrasse 40, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gonçalo Barreto
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication, Institute for Biomechanics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich), Otto-Stern-Weg 7, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication, Institute for Biomechanics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich), Otto-Stern-Weg 7, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Antigenic and immunogenic properties of chondrocytes. Implications for chondrocyte therapeutic transplantation and pathogenesis of inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases. Cent Eur J Immunol 2018; 43:209-219. [PMID: 30135635 PMCID: PMC6102611 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2018.77392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In physiological conditions chondrocytes are protected from contact with immunocompetent cells by the extracellular matrix, and transplanted fragments of allogeneic cartilage are not rejected. Cartilage produced by allogeneic chondrocytes, however, evokes the immune response of the recipient and is gradually destroyed. Immunisation by allogeneic chondrocytes is induced by the contact of their surface molecules with cells of the immune system. Chondrocytes constitutively express class I and, in some species, class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Expression of MHC class II molecules is induced in vitro by pro-inflammatory cytokines and in vivo in the course of the rejection of transplanted allogeneic cartilage. Low level of MHC class II molecules is found on the surface of human articular chondrocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Cartilage produced by transplanted allogeneic chondrocytes is destroyed by monocytes/macrophages and cytotoxic T and natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells show spontaneous cytotoxic reactivity against isolated chondrocytes and participate in the rejection of transplanted isolated chondrocytes. Chondrocytes express molecules that can serve as potential antigens in inflammatory joint diseases. Chondrocytes express cartilage-specific membrane antigen (CH65), human cartilage glycoprotein-39 (HC gp-39), hyaluronan binding adhesion molecule CD44, thymocyte antigen-1 (Thy-1) – CD90, signal transducer – CD24, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3) – CD58, and type I transmembrane protein Tmp21. On the other hand, although chondrocytes express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules, they can also exert immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory effects on immunocompetent cells. Isolated chondrocytes do not trigger an efficient allogeneic immune response in vitro and suppress, in a contact-dependent manner, proliferation of activated T cells. This suppression is associated with the expression by chondrocytes of multiple negative regulators of immune response. Chondrocytes express programmed death-ligand (PD-L), chondromodulin-I and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), molecules that promote self-tolerance and suppress the immune system.
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Guermazi A, Kalsi G, Niu J, Crema MD, Copeland RO, Orlando A, Noh MJ, Roemer FW. Structural effects of intra-articular TGF-β1 in moderate to advanced knee osteoarthritis: MRI-based assessment in a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:461. [PMID: 29145839 PMCID: PMC5689208 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine effects of allogeneic human chondrocytes expressing TGF-β1 (TG-C) on structural progression of MRI features of knee osteoarthritis over a 1 year period. METHODS This phase II randomized controlled trial of TG-C included patients with moderate to advanced osteoarthritis. Patients were randomized to receive an intraarticular 3:1 mixture of non-transduced allogeneic human chondrocytes and TG-C or placebo. 3 T MRI was acquired for all patients at baseline and follow-up (3, 6 and 12 months). MRIs were assessed using the WORMS system including cartilage damage, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), meniscal damage/extrusion, Hoffa-, effusion-synovitis, and osteophytes. Analyses were performed on a whole knee level, compartmental level, and subregional level. Binary logistic regression with Generalized Estimating Equation was used to compare risks of progression, adjusting for baseline age and gender. Mann - Whitney - Wilcoxon tests were used to assess differences for continuous variables. RESULTS Fifty-seven Patients were included in the TG-C group and 29 in the placebo group. At 12 months, knees in the TG-C group showed less progression of cartilage damage compared to placebo on a whole knee level (34.6% vs. 47.9%; adjusted RR 0.7, 95%CI [0.5-1.1], p = 0.077). Less progression of Hoffa-synovitis and effusion-synovitis was observed in the TG-C group compared to placebo (9.6% vs. 21.1%, adjusted RR 0.5, 95%CI [0.2,1.2], p = 0.115). No statistically significant differences were seen for BMLs, meniscal damage and osteophytes. CONCLUSIONS Intraarticular treatment with TG-C showed fewer patients in the treated group with progression in structural OA features and other MRI-defined inflammatory markers such as Hoffa-synovitis and effusion-synovitis. However, no differences were observed in regard to progression of BMLs and meniscal damage, or hypertrophic osteophyte formation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01221441 .Registered 13th October, 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guermazi
- Department of Radiology, Quantitative Imaging Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 820 Harrison Avenue, FGH Building, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - G Kalsi
- TissueGene, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J Niu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M D Crema
- Department of Radiology, Quantitative Imaging Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 820 Harrison Avenue, FGH Building, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - M J Noh
- TissueGene, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - F W Roemer
- Department of Radiology, Quantitative Imaging Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 820 Harrison Avenue, FGH Building, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, USA
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