Association of global sagittal spinal deformity with functional disability two years after total hip arthroplasty

Factors associated with the progression of sagittal spinal deformity after total hip arthroplasty: a propensity score-matched cohort study

PURPOSE

The functional interaction between the hip and spine in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) is clinically significant, as it impacts post-operative outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors associated with the progression of sagittal spinal deformity and assess the association with patient-reported outcomes.

METHODS

This retrospective case-control study included 200 patients who underwent primary THA and completed a mean follow-up duration of 42.2 months (range, 24.0-78.0). We employed a multivariate logistic regression to identify variables predictive of a post-THA sagittal vertical axis (SVA) ≥ 50 mm, which was indicative of a spinal sagittal imbalance. Propensity score-matched cohorts for age, sex, body mass index, follow-up duration, hip flexion contracture, developmental dysplasia, pelvic incidence (PI), and SVA were created, and the outcomes were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

PI (odds ratio 1.39; 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.86, p = 0.033) was associated with an SVA ≥ 50 mm. After successfully matching patients with (n = 50) and without (n = 50) an SVA ≥ 50 mm, the minimum clinically important difference showed significant differences between the 50 matched pairs (p = 0.016 for EuroQol-5D, p = 0.003 for Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Replacement, and p < 0.001 for low back pain).

CONCLUSION

PI is associated with the development of a positive sagittal spinal malalignment post-THA. This finding can assist surgeons in managing patient expectations and in optimising outcomes. Feasible strategies are warranted to minimise the risk of spinal deformity progression post-THA.

Worse Patient-Reported Outcomes and Spino-Pelvic Parameters After Total Hip Arthroplasty for Rapidly Progressive Osteoarthritis of the Hip Compared to Osteoarthritis: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to assess the association between the disease process of hip osteoarthritis and total hip arthroplasty (THA) outcomes; this is a critical issue, as rapid progression has been postulated to be responsible for patient dissatisfaction after THA.

METHODS

This retrospective case-control study included 255 patients who underwent THA and completed a mean follow-up duration of 42.1 months (range, 24.0 to 77.0). We classified patients into those who had (n = 26) and did not have (n = 229) rapidly progressive osteoarthritis of the hip (RPOA), defined as a narrowing rate of joint space ≥ 2 mm yearly or a ≥ 50% loss within 12 months, excluding any other cause of a destructive arthropathy. Propensity score-matched cohorts for age, sex, body mass index, and spino-pelvic measures were created, and the outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS

After successfully matching RPOA (n = 25) and non-RPOA patients (n = 50), there were significant differences in minimum clinically important difference (P = .009 for European Quality of Life 5-Dimension, and P < .001 for low back pain), patient acceptable symptom state (P = .015 for European Quality of Life 5-Dimension, and P < .001 for Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Replacement score), patient satisfaction (P = .028), and T1 pelvic angle as an indicator of global sagittal spinal deformity (P = .017). There was a correlation between T1 pelvic angle and low back pain in the RPOA group (R = 0.628, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients who exhibited RPOA before undergoing THA showed worse patient-reported outcomes compared with those who did not have rapid progression. Our study highlights the critical role of the disease process in influencing THA outcomes, advocating for a paradigm shift toward more meticulous preoperative evaluations, including global spinal deformity, standardized diagnostic criteria, and tailored interventions.

Evaluation of changes in radiographic spinopelvic parameters after primary total hip arthroplasty and its relationship with short-term patient function

PURPOSE

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is commonly used worldwide in pelvic osteoarthritis treatment. This surgery can change the spinopelvic parameters, which in turn affects the performance of the patients after surgery. However, the relationship between functional disability following THA and spinopelvic alignment is not completely understood. The limited available studies have also been conducted on the population with spinopelvic malalignments. This study aimed to examine the changes in spinopelvic parameters after primary THA in patients with normal preoperative spinopelvic characteristics and the association of these parameters with the performance, gender, and age of the patients after THA.

METHODS

Fifty-eight eligible patients with unilateral primary hip osteoarthritis (HOA) scheduled for total hip arthroplasty between February and September 2021 were studied. Spinopelvic parameters including pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), and pelvic tilt (PT) were measured before surgery and three months after surgery, and the relationship between these parameters and patients' performance (Harris hip score) was assessed. Also, the relationship between the age and gender of the patients with these parameters was evaluated.

RESULTS

The mean age of study participants was 46.03 ± 14.25. Three months after THA, sacral slope decreased with the mean difference of 4.31 ± 10.26 degrees (p = 0.002) and Harris hip score (HHS) increased by 19.41 ± 26.55 points (p < 0.001). With increasing age in patients, the mean SS and PT decreased. Among the spinopelvic parameters, SS (β = 0.11) had a greater effect than PT on postoperative HHS changes and among the demographic parameters, age (β = -0.18) had a greater effect on HHS changes than gender.

CONCLUSION

Spinopelvic parameters are associated with age, gender, and patient's function after THA as sacral slope decreased and HHS increased after THA, and aging is accompanied by lowering of PT and SS.

Spinopelvic imbalances are associated with worse postoperative functional outcomes in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty

PURPOSE

We aimed to investigate the relationship between spinopelvic imbalances and functional disabilities after total hip arthroplasty in an at least two years of follow-up.

METHODS

Patients with normal sagittal alignment and normal motion (PI-LL < 10°, APP < 13°, ∆SS > 10°) were defined as control, and patients with any of sagittal alignment or motion abnormalities were defined as case groups. Visual Analog Scale, SF-36, Harris hip score, HOOS-JR, and complications were recorded.

RESULTS

The differences of the means of Harris hip score, HOOS-JR, SF-36, and VAS score in the control and case groups were statistically significant. The mean of these parameters in patients with sagittal balanced (PI-LL < 10°) was much better than patients with sagittal unbalanced (PI-LL > 10°). Same results were noted in patients with decreased (∆SS < 10°) and normal spinopelvic motions (∆SS > 10°).

CONCLUSION

Our observations indicate that spinopelvic imbalances are associated with worse postoperative functional outcomes in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.

Association of the Psoas Muscle Index and Sagittal Spinal Alignment With Patient-Reported Outcomes After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study is to assess the association between a spinopelvic malalignment and patient-reported perception of the hip as being "artificial" after total hip arthroplasty (THA). This is a critical issue as an age-related spinopelvic mismatch has been postulated to be associated with the risk of poor outcomes after THA.

METHODS

This is a retrospective case-control study of 274 THAs (244 of whom were women), with a mean follow-up of 6.2 (range 5.0-8.2) years. Hip perception was assessed by asking subjects whether their joint felt "natural" or "artificial." The association between an artificial perception and the following factors was evaluated: age, gender, psoas muscle index (PMI, cross-sectional area of bilateral psoas at L3 divided by height squared), and spinopelvic measures using logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

An artificial hip perception (130 hips, 47.4%) was associated with a lower PMI (P = .016), Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Replacement score (P = .035), EuroQol 5-Dimension score (P = .041), and a higher incidence of a pelvic incidence-minus-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) mismatch >10° (P < .001). A flatback deformity (odds ratio 2.24, 95% confidence interval 1.22-6.31, P = .001) and PMI (odds ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.34-0.82, P = .012) were predictive of an artificial perception. With the threshold of PI-LL set to 10°, PMI (P = .034), Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Replacement score (P < .001), joint perception (P = .020), EuroQol 5-Dimension score (P = .028), pain (P = .031), and satisfaction (P < .001) differed between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSION

A flatback deformity is associated with the risk of an artificial perception post-THA, especially in patients with sarcopenia. PMI and PI-LL measurements may help predict THA outcomes.

Spinopelvic mismatch is associated with patient-reported outcome measures after total knee arthroplasty at a mean follow-up of 15 years

BACKGROUND

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is widely performed; yet, up to 25% of patients are dissatisfied with outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate the association between a spinopelvic mismatch and patient-reported outcomes after TKA.

METHODS

This was a retrospective study of 101 TKAs performed for osteoarthritis, at a mean 14.6 (range, 10.0-18.0) years post-surgery. Postoperative knee joint perception was evaluated as 'artificial', with or without restrictions, or 'natural'. Age, sex and the spinopelvic mismatch were compared between the 'artificial' (n = 54) and 'natural' (n = 47) perception groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictive factors of an artificial perception, with a receiver operating characteristic curve to identify cut-off values for significant factors.

RESULTS

A spinopelvic mismatch, defined as a pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) ≥ 10°, was associated with an artificial perception (odds ratio, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-3.22; P = 0.023). An artificial joint perception was related to lower Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Joint Replacement (KOOS-JR, P = 0.021) and EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D, P = 0.025) scores. The cut-off PI-LL of 11° differentiated the groups with a sensitivity of 87.0% and specificity of 91.9%. Postoperative KOOS-JR (P < 0.001), EQ-5D (P = 0.014), satisfaction (P = 0.015), knee extension angle (P = 0.024), and perception (P = 0.032) differed between the groups when the PI-LL threshold was set at 10°.

CONCLUSION

A spinopelvic mismatch (PI-LL ≥ 10°) is associated with a risk of artificial perception of function after TKA. Measurement of the PI-LL could assist patients and surgeons to predict TKA outcomes.