1
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Sharma P, Puduvalli VK. Protocol for real-time assessment of mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production in patient-derived glioma stem-like cells. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103159. [PMID: 38941182 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioma cells switch between energetic pathways to adapt and resist therapies. We present a protocol for measuring mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP rates in patient-derived glioma stem-like cells using a Seahorse XF ATP rate assay. We describe steps for growing 3D glioma stem-like cells, attaching cells to the assay plate, preparing drugs, and running the ATP rate assay. We also detail procedures for imaging viable cell numbers and normalization, with tips to overcome pitfalls in Agilent Seahorse assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Vinay K Puduvalli
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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2
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Marquez-Curtis LA, Elliott JAW. Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from various tissues: Biological, clinical and cryopreservation aspects: Update from 2015 review. Cryobiology 2024; 115:104856. [PMID: 38340887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have become one of the most investigated and applied cells for cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. In this update of our review published in 2015, we show that studies continue to abound regarding the characterization of MSCs to distinguish them from other similar cell types, the discovery of new tissue sources of MSCs, and the confirmation of their properties and functions that render them suitable as a therapeutic. Because cryopreservation is widely recognized as the only technology that would enable the on-demand availability of MSCs, here we show that although the traditional method of cryopreserving cells by slow cooling in the presence of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) continues to be used by many, several novel MSC cryopreservation approaches have emerged. As in our previous review, we conclude from these recent reports that viable and functional MSCs from diverse tissues can be recovered after cryopreservation using a variety of cryoprotectants, freezing protocols, storage temperatures, and periods of storage. We also show that for logistical reasons there are now more studies devoted to the cryopreservation of tissues from which MSCs are derived. A new topic included in this review covers the application in COVID-19 of MSCs arising from their immunomodulatory and antiviral properties. Due to the inherent heterogeneity in MSC populations from different sources there is still no standardized procedure for their isolation, identification, functional characterization, cryopreservation, and route of administration, and not likely to be a "one-size-fits-all" approach in their applications in cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Marquez-Curtis
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1H9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1C9
| | - Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1H9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1C9.
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3
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Yuan X, Wu J, Sun Z, Cen J, Shu Y, Wang C, Li H, Lin D, Zhang K, Wu B, Dhawan A, Zhang L, Hui L. Preclinical efficacy and safety of encapsulated proliferating human hepatocyte organoids in treating liver failure. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:484-498.e5. [PMID: 38458193 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Alginate-encapsulated hepatocyte transplantation is a promising strategy to treat liver failure. However, its clinical application was impeded by the lack of primary human hepatocytes and difficulty in controlling their quality. We previously reported proliferating human hepatocytes (ProliHHs). Here, quality-controlled ProliHHs were produced in mass and engineered as liver organoids to improve their maturity. Encapsulated ProliHHs liver organoids (eLO) were intraperitoneally transplanted to treat liver failure animals. Notably, eLO treatment increased the survival of mice with post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) and ameliorated hyperammonemia and hypoglycemia by providing liver functions. Additionally, eLO treatment protected the gut from PHLF-augmented permeability and normalized the increased serum endotoxin and inflammatory response, which facilitated liver regeneration. The therapeutic effect of eLO was additionally proved in acetaminophen-induced liver failure. Furthermore, we performed assessments of toxicity and biodistribution, demonstrating that eLO had no adverse effects on animals and remained non-tumorigenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajing Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongni Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Baihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Center, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Dhawan Lab at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London at King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ludi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Okuda K, Kaori K, Kawauchi A, Miyu I, Yomogida K. An oscillating magnetic field suppresses ice-crystal growth during rapid freezing of muscle tissue of mice. J Biochem 2024; 175:245-252. [PMID: 37948636 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine would benefit from a safe and efficient cryopreservation method to prevent the structural disruption caused by ice-crystal formation in cells and tissue. Various attempts have been made to overcome this problem, one of which is the use of an oscillating magnetic field (OMF). However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, to evaluate the effect of an OMF on ice-crystal formation in the leg muscles of mice, we used to use the frozen-section method with a slower freezing rate than is, usual which resulted in ice crystals forming in the tissue. We assessed the mean size and number per unit area of intracellular ice holes in sections of muscle tissue, with and without OMF. Ice-crystal growth was reduced in frozen tissue subjected to OMF. Furthermore, we evaluated the structure and function of proteins in frozen tissue subjected to OMF by immunostaining using an anti-dystrophin antibody and by enzymatic histochemistry for NADH-TR and myosin ATPase. The results imply that the ability of OMF to suppress ice-crystal growth might be related to their stabilization of bound water in biomolecules during freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Okuda
- Department of Innovative Food Science, Mukogawa Women's University, Ikebiraki-cho 6-46, 663-8558 Nishinomiya, Japan
- Abi Inc., Ohtakanomori-higashi 1-12-1 270-0138, Nagareyama, Japan
| | - Kunitani Kaori
- Department of Innovative Food Science, Mukogawa Women's University, Ikebiraki-cho 6-46, 663-8558 Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Aiko Kawauchi
- Department of Innovative Food Science, Mukogawa Women's University, Ikebiraki-cho 6-46, 663-8558 Nishinomiya, Japan
- Abi Inc., Ohtakanomori-higashi 1-12-1 270-0138, Nagareyama, Japan
| | - Ishii Miyu
- Department of Innovative Food Science, Mukogawa Women's University, Ikebiraki-cho 6-46, 663-8558 Nishinomiya, Japan
- Abi Inc., Ohtakanomori-higashi 1-12-1 270-0138, Nagareyama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yomogida
- Department of Innovative Food Science, Mukogawa Women's University, Ikebiraki-cho 6-46, 663-8558 Nishinomiya, Japan
- Institute for Bioscience, Mukogawa Women's University, Ikebiraki-cho 6-46, 663-8558 Nishinomiya, Japan
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Egorikhina MN, Rubtsova YP, Linkova DD, Charykova IN, Farafontova EA, Aleinik DY. Specifics of Cryopreservation of Hydrogel Biopolymer Scaffolds with Encapsulated Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:247. [PMID: 38257046 PMCID: PMC10820988 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for regenerative medicine products is growing rapidly in clinical practice. Unfortunately, their use has certain limitations. One of these, which significantly constrains the widespread distribution and commercialization of such materials, is their short life span. For products containing suspensions of cells, this issue can be solved by using cryopreservation. However, this approach is rarely used for multicomponent tissue-engineered products due to the complexity of selecting appropriate cryopreservation protocols and the lack of established criteria for assessing the quality of such products once defrosted. Our research is aimed at developing a cryopreservation protocol for an original hydrogel scaffold with encapsulated MSCs and developing a set of criteria for assessing the quality of their functional activity in vitro. The scaffolds were frozen using two alternative types of cryocontainers and stored at either -40 °C or -80 °C. After cryopreservation, the external state of the scaffolds was evaluated in addition to recording the cell viability, visible changes during subsequent cultivation, and any alterations in proliferative and secretory activity. These observations were compared to those of scaffolds cultivated without cryopreservation. It was shown that cryopreservation at -80 °C in an appropriate type of cryocontainer was optimal for the hydrogels/adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) tested if it provided a smooth temperature decrease during freezing over a period of at least three hours until the target values of the cryopreservation temperature regimen were reached. It was shown that evaluating a set of indicators, including the viability, the morphology, and the proliferative and secretory activity of the cells, enables the characterization of the quality of a tissue-engineered construct after its withdrawal from cryopreservation, as well as indicating the effectiveness of the cryopreservation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daria D. Linkova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBEI HE PRMU MOH), 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.N.E.); (Y.P.R.); (I.N.C.); (D.Y.A.)
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6
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Lee SG, Kim J, Seok J, Kim MW, Rhee J, Song GE, Park S, Lee S, Jeong Y, Chung HM, Kim CY. Development of heart organoid cryopreservation method through Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles based nanowarming system. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300311. [PMID: 37953523 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Beyond single cell two-dimensional (2D) culture, research on organoids that can mimic human organs is rapidly developing. However, there are still problems in commercialization and joint research using organoids due to the lack of technology to safely store organoids. Since organoids are 3D complex structures with a certain size (0.1-5 mm) beyond the size of cells, the conventional cell-level cryopreservation method using cryoprotectant (CPA) cannot overcome the damage caused by volume change due to osmotic pressure difference and ice nucleation. Herein, we attempted to solve such limitations by applying a nanowarming system using CPA with high cell permeability and Fe3 O4 nanoparticles. By performing beat rate measurement, histological analysis, contractility analysis, and multi-electrode array, it was verified that the developed method could significantly improve functional recovery and survival of heart organoids after freezing and thawing. In this study, we demonstrated a successful organoid cryopreservation method based on a Fe3 O4 nanowarming system. The developed technology will provide clues to the field of tissue cryopreservation and spur the application of organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Gi Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooeon Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Eun Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinhye Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suemin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngin Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Miraecell Bio Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shajib MS, Futrega K, Davies AM, Franco RAG, McKenna E, Guillesser B, Klein TJ, Crawford RW, Doran MR. A tumour-spheroid manufacturing and cryopreservation process that yields a highly reproducible product ready for direct use in drug screening assays. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230468. [PMID: 37817581 PMCID: PMC10565407 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
If it were possible to purchase tumour-spheroids as a standardised product, ready for direct use in assays, this may contribute to greater research reproducibility, potentially reducing costs and accelerating outcomes. Herein, we describe a workflow where uniformly sized cancer tumour-spheroids are mass-produced using microwell culture, cryopreserved with high viability, and then cultured in neutral buoyancy media for drug testing. C4-2B prostate cancer or MCF-7 breast cancer cells amalgamated into uniform tumour-spheroids after 48 h of culture. Tumour-spheroids formed from 100 cells each tolerated the cryopreservation process marginally better than tumour-spheroids formed from 200 or 400 cells. Post-thaw, tumour-spheroid metabolic activity was significantly reduced, suggesting mitochondrial damage. Metabolic function was rescued by thawing the tumour-spheroids into medium supplemented with 10 µM N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Following thaw, the neutral buoyancy media, Happy Cell ASM, was used to maintain tumour-spheroids as discrete tissues during drug testing. Fresh and cryopreserved C4-2B or MCF-7 tumour-spheroids responded similarly to titrations of Docetaxel. This protocol will contribute to a future where tumour-spheroids may be available for purchase as reliable and reproducible products, allowing laboratories to efficiently replicate and build on published research, in many cases, making tumour-spheroids simply another cell culture reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shafiullah Shajib
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathryn Futrega
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony M. Davies
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Vale Life Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rose Ann G. Franco
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eamonn McKenna
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bianca Guillesser
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Travis J. Klein
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ross W. Crawford
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael R. Doran
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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8
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Wang J, Jiang P, Zheng C, Tang Y, Dou L. Cryopreservation of human dental roots using vitrification for autologous human tooth tissue banking. Cryobiology 2023; 110:86-92. [PMID: 36574562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.11.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to preliminarily evaluate the feasibility of autologous transplantation of tooth tissues cryopreserved with vitrification, by investigating the influence of cryopreservation with vitrification on human dental root, regarding the morphology, microhardness, cell apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Freshly extracted human permanent premolars were collected with crown removed. Dental roots were cryopreserved using a commercial vitrification medium (Kitazatousa). After six-month storage in liquid nitrogen, cryopreserved roots were thawed, and then evaluated using histological and immunohistochemical methods. Microhardness of dentine was measured with a Vickers indenter. Cells in periodontal ligament and dental pulp tissues were isolated and characterized. The proliferation, immunophenotype, apoptosis and differentiation ability of cells isolated from cryopreserved roots were evaluated. The data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t-test. The gross and histological morphology of dental roots was not significantly changed after vitrification and thawing. A few tiny cracks were found in 3 of all 10 cryopreserved samples. No obvious changes were found in microstructure of dentine under SEM observation. Dental pulp cells and periodontal ligament cells were successfully isolated from tissues of cryopreserved human dental roots. There were also no significant differences of those periodontal ligament cells in the two groups regarding morphology, immunophenotype, viability, proliferation and apoptosis. The osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capability of periodontal ligament cells was maintained by cryopreservation with vitrification. In the conditions of this study, cryopreservation with vitrification preserves cell survival, hardness and structural integrity of dental roots. Vitrification can be a potential way to preserve tooth tissue for future auto-transplantation and autologous cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peiru Jiang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengxiang Zheng
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Tang
- University of Southern California Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bay Area Community Health Center, Fremont, CA, USA
| | - Lei Dou
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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9
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Ishizaki T, Takeuchi Y, Ishibashi K, Gotoh N, Hirata E, Kuroda K. Cryopreservation of tissues by slow-freezing using an emerging zwitterionic cryoprotectant. Sci Rep 2023; 13:37. [PMID: 36593263 PMCID: PMC9807565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of tissues is a tough challenge. Cryopreservation is categorized into slow-freezing and vitrification, and vitrification has recently been recognized as a suitable method for tissue cryopreservation. On the contrary, some researchers have reported that slow-freezing also has potential for tissue cryopreservation. Although conventional cryoprotectants have been studied well, some novel ones may efficiently cryopreserve tissues via slow-freezing. In this study, we used aqueous solutions of an emerging cryoprotectant, an artificial zwitterion supplemented with a conventional cryoprotectant, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), for cell spheroids. The zwitterion/DMSO aqueous solutions produced a better cryoprotective effect on cell spheroids, which are the smallest units of tissues, compared to that of a commercial cryoprotectant. Cryopreservation with the zwitterion/DMSO solutions not only exhibited better cell recovery but also maintained the functions of the spheroids effectively. The optimized composition of the solution was 10 wt% zwitterion, 15 wt% DMSO, and 75 wt% water. The zwitterion/DMSO solution gave a higher number of living cells for the cryopreservation of mouse tumor tissues than a commercial cryoprotectant. The zwitterion/DMSO solution was also able to cryopreserve human tumor tissue, a patient-derived xenograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Ishizaki
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yasuto Takeuchi
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kojiro Ishibashi
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Noriko Gotoh
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eishu Hirata
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan. .,WPI-Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Kuroda
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan. .,NanoMaterials Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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10
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Shajib MS, Futrega K, Franco RAG, McKenna E, Guillesser B, Klein TJ, Crawford RW, Doran MR. Method for manufacture and cryopreservation of cartilage microtissues. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231176901. [PMID: 37529249 PMCID: PMC10387698 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231176901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The financial viability of a cell and tissue-engineered therapy may depend on the compatibility of the therapy with mass production and cryopreservation. Herein, we developed a method for the mass production and cryopreservation of 3D cartilage microtissues. Cartilage microtissues were assembled from either 5000 human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSC) or 5000 human articular chondrocytes (ACh) each using a customized microwell platform (the Microwell-mesh). Microtissues rapidly accumulate homogenous cartilage-like extracellular matrix (ECM), making them potentially useful building blocks for cartilage defect repair. Cartilage microtissues were cultured for 5 or 10 days and then cryopreserved in 90% serum plus 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or commercial serum-free cryopreservation media. Cell viability was maximized during thawing by incremental dilution of serum to reduce oncotic shock, followed by washing and further culture in serum-free medium. When assessed with live/dead viability dyes, thawed microtissues demonstrated high viability but reduced immediate metabolic activity relative to unfrozen control microtissues. To further assess the functionality of the freeze-thawed microtissues, their capacity to amalgamate into a continuous tissue was assess over a 14 day culture. The amalgamation of microtissues cultured for 5 days was superior to those that had been cultured for 10 days. Critically, the capacity of cryopreserved microtissues to amalgamate into a continuous tissue in a subsequent 14-day culture was not compromised, suggesting that cryopreserved microtissues could amalgamate within a cartilage defect site. The quality ECM was superior when amalgamation was performed in a 2% O2 atmosphere than a 20% O2 atmosphere, suggesting that this process may benefit from the limited oxygen microenvironment within a joint. In summary, cryopreservation of cartilage microtissues is a viable option, and this manipulation can be performed without compromising tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shafiullah Shajib
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kathryn Futrega
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rose Ann G Franco
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Eamonn McKenna
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bianca Guillesser
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Travis J Klein
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross W Crawford
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael R Doran
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Mater Research Institute – University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Linkova DD, Rubtsova YP, Egorikhina MN. Cryostorage of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Biomedical Cell-Based Products. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172691. [PMID: 36078098 PMCID: PMC9454587 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) manifest vast opportunities for clinical use due both to their ability for self-renewal and for effecting paracrine therapeutic benefits. At the same time, difficulties with non-recurrent generation of large numbers of cells due to the necessity for long-term MSC expansion ex vivo, or the requirement for repeated sampling of biological material from a patient significantly limits the current use of MSCs in clinical practice. One solution to these problems entails the creation of a biobank using cell cryopreservation technology. This review is aimed at analyzing and classifying literature data related to the development of protocols for the cryopreservation of various types of MSCs and tissue-engineered structures. The materials in the review show that the existing techniques and protocols for MSC cryopreservation are very diverse, which significantly complicates standardization of the entire process. Here, the selection of cryoprotectors and of cryoprotective media shows the greatest variability. Currently, it is the cryopreservation of cell suspensions that has been studied most extensively, whereas there are very few studies in the literature on the freezing of intact tissues or of tissue-engineered structures. However, even now it is possible to develop general recommendations to optimize the cryopreservation process, making it less traumatic for cells.
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Development of a Vitrification Preservation Process for Bioengineered Epithelial Constructs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071115. [PMID: 35406679 PMCID: PMC8998050 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for human bioengineered tissue constructs is growing in response to the worldwide movement away from the use of animals for testing of new chemicals, drug screening and household products. Presently, constructs are manufactured and delivered just in time, resulting in delays and high costs of manufacturing. Cryopreservation and banking would speed up delivery times and permit cost reduction due to larger scale manufacturing. Our objective in these studies was development of ice-free vitrification formulations and protocols using human bioengineered epithelial constructs that could be scaled up from individual constructs to 24-well plates. Initial experiments using single EpiDerm constructs in vials demonstrated viability >80% of untreated control, significantly higher than our best freezing strategy. Further studies focused on optimization and evaluation of ice-free vitrification strategies. Vitrification experiments with 55% (VS55) and 70% (VS70) cryoprotectant (CPA) formulations produced constructs with good viability shortly after rewarming, but viability decreased in the next days, post-rewarming in vitro. Protocol changes contributed to improved outcomes over time in vitro. We then transitioned from using glass vials with 1 construct to deep-well plates holding up to 24 individual constructs. Construct viability was maintained at >80% post-warming viability and >70% viability on days 1−3 in vitro. Similar viability was demonstrated for other related tissue constructs. Furthermore, we demonstrated maintenance of viability after 2−7 months of storage below −135 °C.
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In Situ Vitrification of Lung Cancer Organoids on a Microwell Array. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12060624. [PMID: 34071266 PMCID: PMC8227627 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cultured patient-derived cancer organoids (PDOs) represent a powerful tool for anti-cancer drug development due to their similarity to the in vivo tumor tissues. However, the culture and manipulation of PDOs is more difficult than 2D cultured cell lines due to the presence of the culture matrix and the 3D feature of the organoids. In our other study, we established a method for lung cancer organoid (LCO)-based drug sensitivity tests on the superhydrophobic microwell array chip (SMAR-chip). Here, we describe a novel in situ cryopreservation technology on the SMAR-chip to preserve the viability of the organoids for future drug sensitivity tests. We compared two cryopreservation approaches (slow freezing and vitrification) and demonstrated that vitrification performed better at preserving the viability of LCOs. Next, we developed a simple procedure for in situ cryopreservation and thawing of the LCOs on the SMAR-chip. We proved that the on-chip cryopreserved organoids can be recovered successfully and, more importantly, showing similar responses to anti-cancer drugs as the unfrozen controls. This in situ vitrification technology eliminated the harvesting and centrifugation steps in conventional cryopreservation, making the whole freeze–thaw process easier to perform and the preserved LCOs ready to be used for the subsequent drug sensitivity test.
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