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Zhang H, Wang X, Liu J, Zhang Y, Ka M, Ma Y, Xu J, Zhang W. Role of neutrophil myeloperoxidase in the development and progression of high-altitude pulmonary edema. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 703:149681. [PMID: 38382360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil infiltration and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by hypobaric hypoxic stress are vital in high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an important enzyme in neutrophils, is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress and is also involved in the regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), an enzyme that catalyzes the production of the vasodilatory factor nitric oxide (NO). However, the role of neutrophil MPO in HAPE's progression is still uncertain. Therefore, we hypothesize that MPO is involved in the development of HAPE via NOS. METHODS In Xining, China (altitude: 2260 m), C57BL/6 N wild-type and mpo-/- mice served as normoxic controls, while a hypobaric chamber simulated 7000 m altitude for hypoxia. L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor to inhibit NO production, was the experimental drug, and D-NAME, without NOS inhibitory effects, was the control. After measuring pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), samples were collected and analyzed for blood neutrophils, oxidative stress, inflammation, vasoactive substances, pulmonary alveolar-capillary barrier permeability, and lung tissue morphology. RESULTS Wild-type mice's lung injury scores, permeability, and neutrophil counts rose at 24 and 48 h of hypoxia exposure. Under hypoxia, PAP increased from 12.89 ± 1.51 mmHg under normoxia to 20.62 ± 3.33 mmHg significantly in wild-type mice and from 13.24 ± 0.79 mmHg to 16.50 ± 2.07 mmHg in mpo-/- mice. Consistent with PAP, inducible NOS activity, lung permeability, lung injury scores, oxidative stress response, and inflammation showed more significant increases in wild-type mice than in mpo-/- mice. Additionally, endothelial NOS activity and NO levels decreased more pronouncedly in wild-type mice than in mpo-/- mice. NOS inhibition during hypoxia led to more significant increases in PAP, permeability, and lung injury scores compared to the drug control group, especially in wild-type mice. CONCLUSION MPO knockout reduces oxidative stress and inflammation to preserve alveolar-capillary barrier permeability and limits the decline in endothelial NOS activity to reduce PAP elevation during hypoxia. MPO inhibition emerges as a prospective therapeutic strategy for HAPE, offering avenues for precise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), 810000, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xian, Shaanxi, 710000, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China.
| | - Maojia Ka
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), 810000, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China.
| | - Yi Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), 810000, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China.
| | - Jiaolong Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276400, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), 810000, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China.
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Ayasa M, Shaikh N, Marcus MAE. A 3rd ventricular colloid cyst causing acute hydrocephalus with stunned myocardium: A case report. Qatar Med J 2020; 2020:28. [PMID: 33282712 PMCID: PMC7684555 DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2020.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Third ventricular colloid cysts are benign but may cause acute hydrocephalus, raised intracranial pressure, decreased consciousness level, and sudden death. These ventricular colloid cysts associated with stunned myocardium are rarely reported in the literature. This study reported a case of a third ventricular colloid cyst presented as acute hydrocephalus complicated with severe neurogenic pulmonary edema, stunned myocardium, and heart failure, which survived at the end. Case presentation: A 29-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with one day history of headache, vomiting, and altered consciousness level. Early brain imaging showed a cyst in the third ventricle. The patient rapidly deteriorated neurologically and developed severe pulmonary edema and heart failure requiring immediate external ventricular drain and heart failure management. Once stabilized, she underwent endoscopic excision of the ventricular cyst. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of colloidal cyst. She survived all these acute life-threatening events, improved, and stabilized, and was discharged home. She was followed up in outpatient clinics after 6 months of discharge with no symptoms or neurological deficit. Conclusion: A third ventricular colloid cyst can cause acute hydrocephalus leading to stunned myocardium requiring immediate surgical intervention, advanced hemodynamic monitoring, and acute heart failure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ayasa
- Department of Anesthesia, SICU & Perioperative Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nissar Shaikh
- Department of Anesthesia, SICU & Perioperative Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Marco A E Marcus
- Department of Anesthesia, SICU & Perioperative Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Alharthy A, Faqihi F, Memish ZA, Karakitsos D. Lung Injury in COVID-19-An Emerging Hypothesis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2156-2158. [PMID: 32709193 PMCID: PMC7393669 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung injury with COVID-19 may be due to a complex underlying pathophysiology. Cytokine release syndrome appears to be a catalyst of different inflammatory pathways promoting lung parenchymal injury and thromboembolic phenomena ("dual hit" injury). Recently, severe neurological manifestations such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, which may be not linked to lung pathology, have been identified in COVID-19, contributing thus further to the versatility of its clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahad Faqihi
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad A. Memish
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Research
and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical
City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Boustead KJ, Steyl J, Joubert K. Fatal post‐anaesthetic pulmonary haemorrhage in a horse suffering from chronic‐active exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. J. Boustead
- Companion Animal Clinical Studies Faculty of Veterinary Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Service Valley Farm Animal Hospital Pretoria South Africa
| | - J. Steyl
- Paraclinical Sciences Section of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - K. Joubert
- Companion Animal Clinical Studies Faculty of Veterinary Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
- Veterinary Anaesthesia Analgesia and Critical Care Service Johannesburg South Africa
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Abstract
The availability of electrons to biological systems underpins the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) that powers living cells. It is little wonder, therefore, that the sufficiency of electron supply is critical to cellular health. Considering mitochondrial redox activity alone, a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) leads to impaired production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the major energy currency of the cell, whereas excess oxygen (hyperoxia) is associated with elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the interaction of oxygen with electrons that have leaked from the ETC. Furthermore, the redox proteome, which describes the reversible and irreversible redox modifications of proteins, controls many aspects of biological structure and function. Indeed, many major diseases, including cancer and diabetes, are now termed "redox diseases", spurring much interest in the measurement and monitoring of redox states and redox-active species within biological systems. In this Account, we describe recent efforts to develop magnetic resonance (MR) and fluorescence imaging probes for studying redox biology. These two classes of molecular imaging tools have proved to be invaluable in supplementing the structural information that is traditionally provided by MRI and fluorescence microscopy, respectively, with highly sensitive chemical information. Importantly, the study of biological redox processes requires sensors that operate at biologically relevant reduction potentials, which can be achieved by the use of bioinspired redox-sensitive groups. Since oxidation-reduction reactions are so crucial to modulating cellular function and yet also have the potential to damage cellular structures, biological systems have developed highly sophisticated ways to regulate and sense redox changes. There is therefore a plethora of diverse chemical structures in cells with biologically relevant reduction potentials, from transition metals to organic molecules to proteins. These chemical groups can be harnessed in the development of exogenous molecular imaging agents that are well-tuned to biological redox events. To date, small-molecule redox-sensitive tools for oxidative stress and hypoxia have been inspired from four classes of cellular regulators. The redox-sensitive groups found in redox cofactors, such as flavins and nicotinamides, can be used as reversible switches in both fluorescent and MR probes. Enzyme substrates that undergo redox processing within the cell can be modified to provide fluorescence or MR readout while maintaining their selectivity. Redox-active first-row transition metals are central to biological homeostasis, and their marked electronic and magnetic changes upon oxidation/reduction have been used to develop MR sensors. Finally, redox-sensitive amino acids, particularly cysteine, can be utilized in both fluorescent and MR sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J. New
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Anoxia-Hypoxia in Forensic Neuropsychological Assessment: Cognitive Impact of Pulmonary Injuries, Respiratory Distress, Cerebral Blood Hypoperfusion, and Major Surgeries. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-018-9319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Transcriptional downregulation of microRNA-19a by ROS production and NF-κB deactivation governs resistance to oxidative stress-initiated apoptosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70967-70981. [PMID: 29050336 PMCID: PMC5642611 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell apoptosis is one of the main pathological alterations during oxidative stress (OS) injury. Previously, we corroborated that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transactivation confers apoptosis resistance against OS in mammalian cells, yet the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Here we report that microRNA-19a (miR-19a) transcriptionally regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NF-κB deactivation prevents OS-initiated cell apoptosis through cylindromatosis (CYLD) repression. CYLD contributes to OS-initiated cell apoptosis, for which NF-κB deactivation is essential. MiR-19a directly represses CYLD via targeting 3′ UTR of CYLD, thereby antagonizing OS-initiated apoptosis. CYLD repression by miR-19a restores the IKKβ phosphorylation, RelA disassociation from IκBα, IκBα polyubiquitination and degradation, RelA recruitment at VEGF gene promoter as well as VEGF secretion in the context of OS. Either pharmacological deactivation of NF-κB or genetic upregulation of CYLD compromises the apoptosis-resistant phenotypes of miR-19a. Furthermore, miR-19a is transcriptionally downregulated upon OS in two distinct processes that require ROS production and NF-κB deactivation. VEGF potentiates the ability of miR-19a to activate NF-κB and render apoptosis resistance. Our findings underscore a putative mechanism whereby CYLD repression-mediated and NF-κB transactivation-dependent miR-19a regulatory feedback loop prevents cell apoptosis in response to OS microenvironment.
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Hu PJ, Pittet JF, Kerby JD, Bosarge PL, Wagener BM. Acute brain trauma, lung injury, and pneumonia: more than just altered mental status and decreased airway protection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L1-L15. [PMID: 28408366 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00485.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Even when patients survive the initial insult, there is significant morbidity and mortality secondary to subsequent pulmonary edema, acute lung injury (ALI), and nosocomial pneumonia. Whereas the relationship between TBI and secondary pulmonary complications is recognized, little is known about the mechanistic interplay of the two phenomena. Changes in mental status secondary to acute brain injury certainly impair airway- and lung-protective mechanisms. However, clinical and translational evidence suggests that more specific neuronal and cellular mechanisms contribute to impaired systemic and lung immunity that increases the risk of TBI-mediated lung injury and infection. To better understand the cellular mechanisms of that immune impairment, we review here the current clinical data that support TBI-induced impairment of systemic and lung immunity. Furthermore, we also review the animal models that attempt to reproduce human TBI. Additionally, we examine the possible role of damage-associated molecular patterns, the chlolinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and sex dimorphism in post-TBI ALI. In the last part of the review, we discuss current treatments and future pharmacological therapies, including fever control, tracheostomy, and corticosteroids, aimed to prevent and treat pulmonary edema, ALI, and nosocomial pneumonia after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker J Hu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jeffrey D Kerby
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Patrick L Bosarge
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
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Abstract
Neuropulmonology refers to the complex interconnection between the central nervous system and the respiratory system. Neurologic injury includes traumatic brain injury, hemorrhage, stroke, and seizures, and in each there are far-reaching effects that can result in pulmonary dysfunction. Systemic changes can induce impairment of pulmonary function due to changes in the core structure and function of the lung. The conditions and disorders that often occur in these patients include aspiration pneumonia, neurogenic pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, but also several abnormal respiratory patterns and sleep-disordered breathing. Lung infections, pulmonary edema - neurogenic or cardiogenic - and pulmonary embolus all are a serious barrier to recovery and can have significant effects on outcomes such as hospital course, prognosis, and mortality. This review presents the spectrum of pulmonary abnormalities seen in neurocritical care.
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Non-cardiogenic acute pulmonary edema in elderly patient with Dressler syndrome associated pulmonary embolism. J Geriatr Cardiol 2016; 13:998-1001. [PMID: 28321244 PMCID: PMC5351832 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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