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Luo L, Wang Z, Tong X, Xiong T, Chen M, Liu X, Peng C, Sun X. LncRNA MALAT1 facilitates BM-MSCs differentiation into endothelial cells and ameliorates erectile dysfunction via the miR-206/CDC42/PAK1/paxillin signalling axis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:74. [PMID: 38918809 PMCID: PMC11197369 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual dysfunction, with an increasing incidence, and the current treatment is often ineffective. METHODS Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) was used to treat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), and their cell migration rates were determined by Transwell assays. The expression of the von Willebrand Factor (vWF)VE-cadherin, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) endothelial markers was determined by qRT‒PCR and Western blot analyses. The MALAT1-induced differentiation of BM-MCs to ECs via the CDC42/PAK1/paxillin pathway was explored by transfecting VEGFA-induced BM-MSC with si-MALAT1 and overexpressing CDC42 and PAK1. The binding capacity between CDC42, PAK1, and paxillin in VEGFA-treated and non-VEGFA-treated BM-MSCs was examined by protein immunoprecipitation. MiR-206 was overexpressed in VEGFA-induced BM-MSC, and the binding sites of MALAT1, miR-206, and CDC42 were identified using a luciferase assay. Sixty male Sprague‒Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 10/group). DMED modelling was demonstrated by APO experiments and was assessed by measuring blood glucose levels. Erectile function was assessed by measuring the intracavernosa pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Penile erectile tissue was analysed by qRT‒PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS MALAT1 under VEGFA treatment conditions regulates the differentiation of BM-MSCs into ECs by modulating the CDC42/PAK1/paxillin axis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that interference with CDC42 and MALAT1 expression inhibited the differentiation of BM-MSCs to ECs. CDC42 binds to PAK1, and PAK1 binds to paxillin. In addition, CDC42 in the VEGFA group had a greater ability to bind to PAK1, whereas PAK1 in the VEGFA group had a greater ability to bind to paxillin. Overexpression of miR-206 in VEGFA-induced BM-MSCs demonstrated that MALAT1 competes with the CDC42 3'-UTR for binding to miR-206, which in turn is involved in the differentiation of BM-MSCs to ECs. Compared to the DMED model group, the ICP/MAP ratio was significantly greater in the three BM-MSCs treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS MALAT1 facilitates BM-MSC differentiation into ECs by regulating the miR-206/CDC42/PAK1/paxillin axis to improve ED. The present findings revealed the vital role of MALAT1 in the repair of BM-MSCs for erectile function and provided new mechanistic insights into the BM-MSC-mediated repair of DMED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xuxian Tong
- Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tenxian Xiong
- Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Minggen Chen
- Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Cavusoglu Nalbantoglu I, Sevgi S, Kerimoglu G, Kadıoglu Duman M, Kalyoncu NI. Ursodeoxycholic acid ameliorates erectile dysfunction and corporal fibrosis in diabetic rats by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway. Int J Impot Res 2024:10.1038/s41443-024-00868-9. [PMID: 38454160 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-024-00868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Corporal tissue fibrosis is critical in diabetes-associated erectile dysfunction. Transforming growth factor-β1/Small mothers against decapentaplegic-2 (TGF-β1/Smad2) contributes to the induction of fibrosis in corporal tissue. Smad7 is accepted as a general negative regulator of Smad signaling, although its role in corporal fibrosis is unknown. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a hydrophilic bile acid used for biliary and liver related disorders and has antifibrotic effects in the liver. This study investigated the effects of UDCA on diabetic erectile dysfunction. Forty-eight male Spraque Dawley rats were divided into six groups: nondiabetic (n = 6), nondiabetic+20 mg/kg UDCA (n = 6), nondiabetic+80 mg/kg UDCA (n = 6), diabetic (n = 10), diabetic+20 mg/kg UDCA (n = 10), diabetic+80 mg/kg UDCA (n = 10). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg Streptozocin. UDCA (20 and 80 mg/kg/day) or saline was subsequently administered via oral gavage for 56 days. Erectile function was evaluated as measurement of maximum intracavernosal pressure (m-ICP)/mean arterial pressure (MAP) and total ICP/MAP. Corporal tissues were evaluated by Western blotting and Masson's trichrome staining. Electrical stimulation-induced m-ICP/MAP responses were higher in UDCA-treated diabetic rats compared to untreated diabetic rats, respectively (20 mg/kg; 4 V: 0.77 ± 0.11 vs 0.45 ± 0.09, p = 0.0001 and 80 mg/kg; 4 V: 0.78 ± 0.11 vs 0.45 ± 0.09, p = 0.0001) UDCA prevented the increase in phospho-Smad2 and fibronectin protein expressions in diabetic corporal tissue both at 20 mg/kg (p = 0.0002, p = 0.002 respectively) and 80 mg/kg doses (p < 0.0001 for both). Smad7 protein expressions were significantly increased in the UDCA-treated diabetic groups compared to the untreated diabetic group (20 mg/kg: p = 0.0079; 80 mg/kg: p = 0.004). Furthermore, UDCA significantly prevented diabetes-induced increase in collagen (20 mg/kg: p = 0.0172; 80 mg/kg: p = 0.0003) and smooth muscle loss (20 mg/kg: p = 0.044; 80 mg/kg: p = 0.039). In conclusion, UDCA has a potential protective effect on erectile function in diabetic rats by altering fibrotic pathways via inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad2 and activation of Smad7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Cavusoglu Nalbantoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Türkiye.
| | - Serhat Sevgi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Gokcen Kerimoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Mine Kadıoglu Duman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Nuri Ihsan Kalyoncu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Türkiye
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Mukti AI, Ilyas S, Warli SM, Putra A, Rasyid N, Munir D, Siregar KB, Ichwan M, Alif I, Hidayah N. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A, Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthetase, and HSP70 Expression in Improving Erectile Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on erectile function in a diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED) rat model by analyzing the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the 70 kilodalton heat shock proteins (HSP70). MSCs were isolated from umbilical cords (UCs), and their characteristics identified by flow cytometry and osteogenic differentiation analysis. Thirty 8-week-old rats were divided into four groups: sham, control, T1, and T2. After a 16 h fast, 24 rats were randomly selected and intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce DM. At 8 weeks after STZ injection, rats with DMED were classified into four groups, sham, control group [DMED rats received 500 μL phosphate buffer saline (PBS)]; T1 [DMED rats treated with 500 μL PBS containing 1 × 106 UC-MSCs]; T2 [DMED rats treated with 500 μL PBS containing 2 × 106 UC-MSCs]. Eight weeks after MSCs administration, the rats’ erectile function was measured by cavernous nerve stimulation. The blinded histological and gene expression assessment were used to analyze the eNOS, HSP70 content, and VEGF expression on the penile tissues. MSCs administration, rats in T1 and T2 groups showed a significant enhancement of erectile response that showed a trend of increase of VEGF mRNA level expression was 2.2 ± 0.61 in T2 Group supported with the optimum recovery of eNOS, in which the value of eNOS expression was 20.66% ± 2.32%. While optimum decrease of HSP70 content, the value of HSP70 expression was 15.50% ± 0.90%. IHC results showed that the DMED induction in rats caused a significant decrease of eNOS content in corpus cavernosum tissue. MSCs could ameliorate DMED in rats by increasing VEGF and decreasing HSP70 and eNOS, indicating these cells offer a potential application for DMED patients’ treatment.
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Kim J, Drury R, Morenas R, Raheem O. Pathophysiology and Grayscale Ultrasonography of Penile Corporal Fibrosis. Sex Med Rev 2021; 10:99-107. [PMID: 34452868 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Penile corporal fibrosis may occur secondary to explantation of an infected penile prosthesis, severe penile trauma, refractory low-flow priapism, Peyronie's disease, or chronic intra-cavernous injection of vasoactive drugs. Other etiologies of corporal fibrosis, presenting primarily with erectile dysfunction, can develop in chronic smokers, hypertensive patients, alcoholics, diabetics, and after radical prostatectomy. Corporal erectile tissue fibrosis is a significant pathophysiologic component of erectile dysfunction; however, current ultrasound-based penile imaging protocols do not directly assess it. OBJECTIVE To determine if grayscale ultrasonography (US) is a suitable imaging modality to identify and assess penile corporal erectile tissue fibrosis. METHODS A PubMed literature review was performed for studies that detailed ultrasonographic methods and findings of pathologies causing penile corporal fibrosis. Our main outcome measure was the ultrasonographic findings of pathologies causing penile corporal fibrosis. RESULTS Grayscale US demonstrates the capability to detect and localize the fibrotic changes of the corpora cavernosa. Ultrasonographic findings capture penile corporal tissue heterogeneity including diffuse, circumscribed, or localized patterns. CONCLUSION Overall, grayscale US may be a useful and convenient imaging modality to assess penile corporal fibrosis secondary to explantation of an infected penile prosthesis, priapism, penile trauma, chronic intra-cavernous injection of vasoactive drugs, diabetes, Peyronie's disease, and vascular disease. While limited by the skill and knowledge of the US operator, the combined knowledge of pathophysiology and US may help clinicians identify and manage the underlying etiology of penile corporal fibrosis. Kim J, Drury R, Morenas R et al. Pathophysiology and Grayscale Ultrasonography of Penile Corporal Fibrosis. Sex Med Rev 2022;10:99-107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kim
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert Drury
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rohan Morenas
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Omer Raheem
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Zheng YC, Feng YL, Wang YH, Kong LJ, Zhou MS, Wu MM, Liu CY, Weng HC, Wang HW. Islet transplantation ameliorates diabetes-induced testicular interstitial fibrosis and is associated with inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway in a rat model of type 1 diabetes. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:376. [PMID: 33760134 PMCID: PMC7985996 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation (IT) is considered the most effective endocrine replacement therapy for diabetes mellitus (DM). Studies have demonstrated that IT can repair testicular structural injury caused by inflammatory and oxidative stress in a diabetic rat model. However, highly effective exogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs can achieve this effect. Testicular interstitial fibrosis caused by long-term hyperglycemia is however difficult to reverse or recover. Thus far, there are no effective drugs that prevent or relieve testicular interstitial fibrosis. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the potential benefit of IT on testicular interstitial fibrosis induced by DM and its underlying molecular mechanisms. In the present study, Wistar rats were used to establish a DM model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The diabetic models then underwent IT or received insulin treatment after 12 weeks. IT was more effective than insulin treatment in ameliorating diabetic-induced testicular interstitial fibrosis, Leydig cells apoptosis, testosterone deficiency and poor sperm motility. IT and insulin treatment both significantly inhibited the upregulation of TGF-β1 and phosphorylated Smad2 in DM, with IT being more effective than insulin. The present study's findings proved that IT effectively protects diabetic-induced testicular interstitial fibrosis probably by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway, which offers hope in male patients with DM complicating with testicular interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Cai Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ling Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Hong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Kong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Shi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Min-Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Yang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5160, USA
| | - Hua-Chun Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Gur S, Hellstrom WJ. Harnessing Stem Cell Potential for the Treatment of Erectile Function in Men with Diabetes Mellitus: From Preclinical/Clinical Perspectives to Penile Tissue Engineering. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:308-320. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190828142045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background::
According to the World Health Organization, more than 150 million people
are diabetic, and this number will increase twofold by the year 2025. Diabetes-related complications
affect all body organ systems, including the penis. Diabetes-induced Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is
caused by neuropathy of the penile nerves and vasculopathy involving the smooth muscle and endothelium
of the corpus cavernosum.
Objective::
This study aims to present an overview of Stem Cell (SC) research in diabetic animal models
of ED, focusing on the function, signaling, and niches that have a prominent role in the regeneration
of cavernosal cells and penile tissues. We highlight common erectile pathologies caused by diabetes
and review relevant preclinical trials. We also discuss paracrine mechanisms of various SC therapies
involved in the repair of endothelial cells and cavernous nerves in these diabetic models.
Method::
A PubMed search was performed, with dates ranging from inception until Mar 31, 2019.
Results::
This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the various strategies that have been
investigated for improving SC delivery methods, through preclinical literature and published clinical
trials regarding ED in men with diabetes. Various cell-type applications have benefited erectile function
in diabetic models of ED.
Conclusion::
This review examines the progress and remaining challenges in diabetes-related SC research
regarding ED. Moving forward, it is only with a combined effort of basic biology and translational
work that the potential of SC-based therapies in diabetes in ED can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Gur
- Department of Urology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Wayne J.G. Hellstrom
- Department of Urology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Bilirubin Improves the Quality and Function of Hypothermic Preserved Islets by Its Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Effect. Transplantation 2020; 103:2486-2496. [PMID: 31365475 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Islet transplantation is a promising option for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, the current lack of practical techniques for the isolated islets preservation still hampers the advancement of life-saving islet transplantation. Islet suffers from internal or external stimuli-induced oxidative stress and subsequent inflammation during preservation, which leads to disappointing outcomes regarding islet yield, survival, and function. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction is the primary cause of oxidative stress that induces islet loss and dysfunction. Thus, in this article, we hypothesized that an endogenous antioxidant, bilirubin, that could efficiently scavenge ROS and inhibit inflammatory reactions could be beneficial for islet preservation. METHODS Herein, we studied the effect of bilirubin on the hypothermic preserved (4°C) islets and evaluate the islets viability, insulin secretory function, oxidative stress levels, and in vivo transplantation performance. RESULTS Bilirubin could prevent cellular damages during short-term preservation and maintain the cocultured islets viability and function. The protective role of bilirubin is associated with its antioxidative ability, which dramatically increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and decreased the levels of ROS and malondialdehyde. Diabetic mice transplanted with bilirubin preserved islets were normoglycemic for 28 days, even overmatched the diabetic mouse transplanted with fresh islets. Mice receiving bilirubin cocultured islets required the least time to achieve normoglycemia among all groups and exhibited minimum inflammatory responses during the early transplantation stage. CONCLUSIONS By utilizing bilirubin, we achieved highly viable and functional islets after hypothermic preservation to reverse diabetes in mice.
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Effects of Cannabidiol on Diabetes Outcomes and Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Comorbidities in Middle-Aged Rats. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:463-474. [PMID: 30430393 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and aging are risk factors for cognitive impairments after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid present in the Cannabis sativa plant. It has beneficial effects on both cerebral ischemic diseases and diabetes. We have recently reported that diabetes interacted synergistically with aging to increase neuroinflammation and memory deficits in rats subjected to CCH. The present study investigated whether CBD would alleviate cognitive decline and affect markers of inflammation and neuroplasticity in the hippocampus in middle-aged diabetic rats submitted to CCH. Diabetes was induced in middle-aged rats (14 months old) by intravenous streptozotocin (SZT) administration. Thirty days later, the diabetic animals were subjected to sham or CCH surgeries and treated with CBD (10 mg/kg, once a day) during 30 days. Diabetes exacerbated cognitive deficits induced by CCH in middle-aged rats. Repeated CBD treatment decreased body weight in both sham- and CCH-operated animals. Cannabidiol improved memory performance and reduced hippocampal levels of inflammation markers (inducible nitric oxide synthase, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and arginase 1). Cannabidiol attenuated the decrease in hippocampal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor induced by CCH in diabetic animals, but it did not affect the levels of neuroplasticity markers (growth-associated protein-43 and synaptophysin) in middle-aged diabetic rats. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of CBD in middle-aged diabetic rats subjected to CCH are related to a reduction in neuroinflammation. However, they seemed to occur independently of hippocampal neuroplasticity changes.
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