Influence of KISS1 gene polymorphisms on the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome and its associated variables, in Saudi women

An association between fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) (rs9939609) and kisspeptin-1 (KISS-1) (rs4889, rs372790354) gene polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome: an updated meta-analysis and power analysis

INTRODUCTION

The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate FTO rs9939609 and KISS1 rs4889, rs372790354 gene polymorphisms and its association with PCOS in Asian population.

METHODS

The studies included in this article were obtained by using online databases. We searched databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for case-control articles related to FTO and KISS1 gene polymorphism with PCOS. Metagenyo software was used to determine the 95% confidence interval (CI) and odds ratio (OR).

RESULTS

A total of 13 articles was included in this meta-analysis for FTO (rs9939609) and KISS1 (rs4889; rs372790354) gene polymorphisms related with PCOS in the Asian population. According to the findings of this study, people with FTO rs9939609 show an association with PCOS risk in dominant model. On contradictory, KISS1 gene polymorphism specifically, rs4889 show an association with PCOS risk in allelic, recessive, and dominant models whereas rs372790354 show an association with PCOS risk in allelic and dominant models. Power analysis was performed and PPI is > 0.04. The sting analysis network for FTO and KISS1 gene estimated 12 nodes and 23 edges.

DISCUSSION

The FTO rs9939609 variant exhibits an association with an increased risk of PCOS in the dominant model. KISS1 gene polymorphism, particularly rs4889, shows a significant association with PCOS risk in allelic, recessive, and dominant models. Similarly, KISS1 rs372790354 gene is associated with PCOS risk in both allelic and dominant models. Researches were focused only on the Asian population so; it is imperative to conduct further research across diverse populations.

Genetic Variants in KNDy Pathway Lack Association with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency in Mexican Women: A Sequencing-Based Cohort Study

Previous studies have demonstrated the essential role of the Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin A (KNDy) pathway in female reproductive biology by regulating the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Identified loss-of-function mutations in these genes are linked to various reproductive disorders. This study investigated genetic disorders linked to mutations in the KNDy genes related to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). A cohort of 14 Mexican POI patients underwent genetic screening using PCR-SSCP and Sanger sequencing, assessing the genetic variations' impact on protein function thereafter using multiple in silico tools. The PCR excluded extensive deletions, insertions, and duplications, while SSCP detected five genetic variants. Variations occurred in the KISS1 (c.58G>A and c.242C>G), KISS1R (c.1091A>T), PDYN (c.600C>T), and OPRK1 (c.36G>T) genes, whereas no genetic anomalies were found in NK3/NK3R genes. Each single-nucleotide variant underwent genotyping using PCR-SSCP in 100 POI-free subjects. Their allelic frequencies paralleled the patient group. These observations indicate that allelic variations in the KNDy genes may not contribute to POI etiology. Hence, screening for mutations in KNDy genes should not be a part of the diagnostic protocol for POI.

Effects of KISS1 structural polymorphism on the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive hormones in Iraqi women who take metformin

OBJECTIVE

To identify the effects of metformin and kisspeptin structural polymorphism on the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Iraqi women.

METHODS

Samples were collected at the family planning center of Al-Hassan Teaching Hospital (infertility clinic), Iraq. Hormonal and hematological parameters were measured. Kisspeptin structural polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction using a conventional thermal cycler and Phyre2 predictions. Kisspeptin concentrations were assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was the only sex hormone that changed in women with PCOS after metformin treatment. FSH concentrations were significantly increased after therapy compared with before therapy (9.39 ± 2.1 vs 5.13 ± 1.53 IU/L). We found that a single nucleotide polymorphism substituting G to C was related to PCOS. The kisspeptin structural polymorphism showed that the C allele was related to low FSH concentrations after treatment (6.92 ± 2.2 IU/L to 5.34 ± 1.58 IU/L). Kisspeptin concentrations were significantly lower after metformin treatment than before metformin treatment (395.44 ± 67.83 vs 273.18 ± 42.98 ng/mL).

CONCLUSION

A variation in the KISS1 gene or its protein structure may be involved in the development of PCOS. The response to metformin may be used as an indicator and could contribute to the early diagnosis and medical therapy of PCOS.

KISS1 Gene Variations and Susceptibility to Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

It is widely accepted that kisspeptin plays an integral role in the regulation of reproduction. Genetic variations in the KISS1 gene have been frequently reported to be linked to reproductive diseases, but there is still a lack of data on the association between KISS1 variations and female reproductive disorders. The present study aimed to examine the association of three missense SNPs in the KISS1 gene including rs12998, rs35431622, and rs4889 in association with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (iRPL). A total of 720 individuals were recruited in this study. The DNA from the blood sample was extracted and genotyped using the PCR method. Haplotype and linkage disequilibrium (LD) have also been analyzed. The results of this study suggested that rs12998 G > A and rs4889 C > G had a significant association with iRPL (p < 0.05); while rs35431622 A > G didn't indicate any association with iRPL. A significant association was also found for three haplotypes including C-A-A, G-G-G, and G-G-A in this population. The analysis also showed a significant LD between rs12998 and rs35431622 (P < 0.0005). The rs12998 G > A and rs4889 C > G variants of KISS1 are linked to unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss and may be risk factors for this disease.

Associations of the KiSS-1 and GPR54 genetic polymorphism with polycystic ovary syndrome in Yunnan, China

BSCKGROUND

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous condition that increases the risk for serious health complications among women. Thus, in this study, we aimed to identify polymorphisms in the KiSS-1 and GPR54 genes and investigate the associations between KiSS-1, BMI, FSH, LH, and estradiol in Chinese women with PCOS.

METHODS

This study recruited women with PCOS (n = 60) and controls (n = 60). We collected blood samples and measured endocrine indicators (kisspeptin, FSH, LH-FSH ratio, estradiol, prolactin, and testosterone). PCR and Snapshots were performed to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the KiSS-1 and GPR54 genes.

RESULTS

Compared with the controls, endocrine and metabolic disturbances in women with PCOS were reflected in significantly higher levels of BMI, LH, LH-FSH ratio, prolactin, and testosterone. Serum kisspeptin levels were significantly higher and positively correlated with LH and T levels (p < 0.05). No identified SNPs of KiSS-1 and GPR54 showed significant differences in frequency between patients and controls. The mutant G allele was highly predisposed to polymorphism in the PCOS GPR54 gene r10407968. We observed a significant difference in estradiol (p = 0.023, p = 0.012) after comparing the values of LH, FSH, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone among the three genotypes of rs4889 and rs5780218. The KiSS-1 rs4889 CC genotype and rs5780218 AA genotype showed significantly higher estradiol levels compared with the other two genotypes.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that kisspeptin plays a potential role in the etiology of PCOS.

Circulating kisspeptin and anti-müllerian hormone levels, and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the available evidence regarding circulating kisspeptin and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index in adolescents and women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

METHOD

We performed a comprehensive literature search in Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies evaluating circulating kisspeptin levels in women with and without PCOS published until September 24th, 2020. Co-primary outcomes were the HOMA-IR index and AMH. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects models were used to estimate outcomes, and effects reported as mean difference (MD) or standardized MD (SMD) and their 95 % confidence interval (CI). The systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) as number CRD42020205030.

RESULTS

We evaluated 18 studies including, 1282 PCOS cases and 977 controls. Participants with PCOS were younger (MD = -2.38 years, 95 %CI -4.32 to -0.44), with higher BMI (MD = 1.16, 95 % CI 0.54-1.78), waist-to-hip ratio (MD = 0.04, 95 %CI 0.02 to 0.05), circulating kisspeptin (SMD = 1.15, 95 %CI 0.68-1.62), luteinizing hormone (SMD = 1.29, 95 %CI 0.76-1.83), AMH (SMD = 0.97, 95 %CI 0.60-1,34), total testosterone (SMD = 2.48, 95 %CI 1.73-3.23), free testosterone (SMD = 1.37, 95 %CI 0.56-2.17), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (SMD = 0.72, 95 %CI 0.32-1.13) levels, and Ferriman-Gallwey score (SMD = 5.08, 95 %CI 2.76-7.39), and lower sex hormone-binding globulin level (SMD = -1.34, 95 %CI -2.15 to -0.52). Besides, participants with PCOS had higher HOMA-IR index (SMD = 0.76, 95 %CI 0.35-1.17), and circulating insulin (SMD = 0.75, 95 %CI 0.30-1.19), leptin (SMD = 2.82, 95 %CI 1.35-4.29), and triglycerides (SMD = 2.15, 95 %CI 1.08-3.23) levels than participants without the syndrome. The meta-regression did not identify significant factors influencing circulating kisspeptin.

CONCLUSION

Patients with PCOS showed higher kisspeptin, LH, insulin, AMH, and androgen levels and HOMA-IR index, and lower sex hormone-binding globulin levels than those without the syndrome.

Association analysis of KISS1 polymorphisms and haplotypes with polycystic ovary syndrome

INTRODUCTION

KISS1 play an essential role in human reproductive functions by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Loss-of-function mutations in this gene have been frequently identified in patients with different reproductive disorders. We hypothesised links between KISS1 polymorphisms and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In order to find links between KISS1 polymorphisms rs4889 C > G, rs12998 G > A, and rs35431622 A > G with PCOS, 770 blood samples were obtained from 385 control and 385 PCOS women. DNA was extracted, and genotyped for KISS1 variants by PCR.

RESULTS

rs12998 G > A was linked to PCOS in dominant (p < 0.001), recessive (p < 0.001), co-dominant (p < 0.001), and allelic models (p < 0.001). In addition, rs4889 C > G was linked in recessive, dominant, co-dominant, and allelic models (p < 0.001). rs35431622 A > G was not linked to PCOS. Further analysis indicated that C-G-G haplotype was more common and G-A-G haplotype was less prevalent in cases compared with controls.

CONCLUSION

KISS1 variants rs12998 G > A and rs4889 C > G may be linked to the pathophysiology of PCOS.