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Yan C, He X, Sun J. The Sex and Age-Associated Infiltration of B Cells May Result in the Dimorphic Behaviors Observed in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:3057-3072. [PMID: 39055976 PMCID: PMC11269459 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s467704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Sex and age show a dimorphism role in the pathogenesis, lymph node metastasis, and prognostic outcomes of papillary thyroid carcinoma. This investigation endeavors to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these disparities. Methods The clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors of lymph node metastasis were explored by analyzing the 2261 patients. The gene expression information of 497 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas Thyroid Cancer database was used to explore the differentially expressed genes in different phenotypes. What's more, the single-cell RNA sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to explore the gene expression in specific cells. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in male patients, a larger tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, younger age, and the presence of calcification emerged as significant predictors for lymph node metastasis (LNM)(p < 0.05). Conversely, female patients exhibited a different profile, with larger tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, younger age, calcification, and bilateral tumors being identified as key risk factors (p < 0.05). Further stratification by age demonstrated distinct patterns: among the younger cohort, a larger tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, male gender, calcification, multifocality, and the presence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis held statistical significance (p < 0.05). In contrast, the older subgroup was characterized by a larger tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, male gender, calcification, bilateral tumors, and unclear margins as salient indicators of risk (p < 0.05). In the bulk gene analysis, there were two sex-age-related differentially expressed genes with a contrary trend in tissue sources and LNM status: TCL1A and CR2. The analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing showed that the infiltration of TCL1A- and CR2-related B cells varied in different clinical subtypes. Conclusion Lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma in different sexes and ages may have distinct patterns, and the ages-sex-related B cell infiltration might explain the dimorphism biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigu Yan
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianghui He
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Chen L, Lu K, Liu J, Lou J. Preoperative prediction of central lymph node metastasis in follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma using clinical and ultrasound features. Gland Surg 2024; 13:812-824. [PMID: 39015704 PMCID: PMC11247580 DOI: 10.21037/gs-23-492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Background The most common metastatic site of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) is the central lymph nodes, which may be associated with the prognosis and survival of patients. In the present study, we establish a combined model based on preoperative clinical and ultrasound (US) features of FVPTC to predict the risk of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM). Methods From January 2013 to December 2022, 315 patients with FVPTC were enrolled and randomly divided into the training and validation cohorts in a ratio of 7:3. The independent risk factors for CLNM in FVPTC were analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Then, three different models were established based on clinical and US data. Subsequently, a nomogram was constructed to predict CLNM. Its predictive effect was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic and calibration curve analyses. Results Backward multivariate regression analysis revealed that age (P=0.001), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) (P=0.11), diameter (P=0.047), irregular/lobulated margin (P=0.15), extrathyroidal extension (P=0.001), nodules with macrocalcifications (P=0.009), nodules with microcalcification (P=0.003) and Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TI-RADS) category 5 (P=0.33) were independent risk factors for CLNM in FVPTC. The areas under the curve of the matching nomogram in the training (N=221) and validation cohorts (N=94) were 0.841 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.788-0.895] and 0.735 (95% CI: 0.621-0.872), respectively. Conclusions Preoperative thyroid US provides useful features for prediction of CLNM. The nomogram constructed based on combining US and clinical features can better predict the risk of CLNM and may facilitate decision-making in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zheng
- Second Clinical College, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging & Interventional Therapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajiao Zhang
- Second Clinical College, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging & Interventional Therapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyu Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging & Interventional Therapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junping Liu
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging & Interventional Therapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangyan Lou
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Deng Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang J, Guan L, He S, Han X, Cai W, Xu J. Risk factors and prediction models of lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma based on clinical and imaging characteristics. Postgrad Med 2023; 135:121-127. [PMID: 36222589 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2022.2135840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) commonly presents with lymph node metastasis, which may be associated with worsened prognosis. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the risk factors of lymph node metastasis in PTC based on preoperative clinical and imaging data and to construct a nomogram model to predict the risk of lymph node metastasis. METHODS A total of 989 patients with PTC were enrolled and randomly divided into training and validation cohorts in an 8:2 ratio. Independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in PTC were analyzed using univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression. An importance analysis of independent risk factors affecting lymph node metastasis was performed according to the random forest method. Subsequently, a nomogram to predict lymph node metastasis was constructed, and the predictive effect of the nomogram was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis and calibration curves. RESULTS Univariate regression analysis revealed that age, sex, body weight, systolic blood pressure, free triiodothyronine, nodule location, nodule number, Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) grade on color Doppler ultrasound, enlarged lymph node present on imaging, and nodule diameter could affect lymph node metastasis in PTC. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that sex, age, enlarged lymph node present on imaging, nodule diameter, and color Doppler TI-RADS grade were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in PTC. Combining these five independent risk factors, a nomogram prediction model was constructed. The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts was 0.742 and 0.765, respectively, with a well-fitted calibration curve. CONCLUSION Our study showed that independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in PTC were sex, age, enlarged lymph node present on imaging, nodule diameter, and color Doppler TI-RADS grade. The nomogram constructed based on these independent risk factors can better predict the risk of lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease; Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease; Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Republic of China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease; Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Republic of China
| | - Jinying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease; Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Republic of China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease; Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Republic of China
| | - Lulu Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease; Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Republic of China
| | - Shasha He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease; Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Republic of China
| | - Xiudan Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease; Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Republic of China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Republic of China
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease; Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Republic of China
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Zhao YX, Yang Z, Ma LB, Wang F, Wang Y, Xiang C. HIF1A overexpression predicts the high lymph node metastasis risk and indicates a poor prognosis in papillary thyroid cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14714. [PMID: 36994412 PMCID: PMC10040699 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the value of Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 A (HIF1A) in predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) stage and clinical outcomes of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients. Materials and methods The HIF1A gene expression analysis in PTC was performed by bioinformatics approaches followed by evaluating its protein level using immunohistochemistry analysis. The role of HIF1A in predicting the LNM stage was evaluated by logistic regression analysis, nomogram construction, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. We performed survival analyses to determine its prognostic value. Enrichment analysis was conducted, and immune cell infiltration and stromal content were evaluated to examine the underlying mechanism of HIF1A in PTC. Results HIF1A transcription and protein levels were significantly high in PTC tissue (P < 0.05). Its overexpression predicted high LNM risk and unfavorable prognosis for PTC patients (P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis revealed HIF1A as an independent prognostic biomarker for the disease-free interval (DFI) (P < 0.01). In addition, HIF1A was positively related to tumor-suppressive immunity but was negatively correlated with anti-tumor immunity. HIF1A upregulation was also associated with increased stromal content. Conclusions HIF1A overexpression is an independent predictor for worse DFI in PTC. The HIF1A expression may affect the prognosis of PTC patients through immune- and stroma-related pathways. Our study provides new insight into the role of HIF1A in PTC biology and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-xun Zhao
- The Seventh Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Corresponding author. The Seventh Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Ze Yang
- The Seventh Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Li-bin Ma
- The Seventh Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The Pathology Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Xiang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang T, He L, Wang Z, Dong W, Sun W, Zhang P, Zhang H. Risk factors of cervical lymph node metastasis in multifocal papillary thyroid cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1003336. [PMID: 36568187 PMCID: PMC9773975 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Identifying risk variables for cervical lymph node metastases in multifocality papillary thyroid cancer (MPTC) could assist surgeons in determining whether cervical lymph node dissection would be an appropriate surgical option. Methods A retrospective cohort of 2006 patients with papillary thyroid cancer were selected. MPTC (N = 460) was defined as the presence of two or more foci of PTC. The risk factors for central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) in MPTC were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses, including the following items: age at diagnosis, gender, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), maximal axial diameter (MAD) and the sum of axial diameters (SAD) of tumor. In addition, CLNM was used to evaluate LLNM. Results The incidence of CLNM and LLNM was 44.57% and 17.17%, respectively. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that gender, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), age, maximal axial diameter (MAD), and the sum of axial diameters (SAD) were related to increased risk for CLNM in MPTC (p < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for age at diagnosis of CLNM was 0.647, the cut-off value was 50 years old. Additionally, by multivariate analysis, CLNM, ETE, MAD, and SAD were independent risk factors for LLNM in MPTC (p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrates that AUC for MAD and SAD diagnosis of LLNM were 0.639 and 0.757, and the cut-off values were 16 and 26 mm, respectively. Conclusions MPTC patients who have risk factors for CLNM were advised to perform prophylactic central lymph node dissection (CLND). Additionally, the presence of risk factors for LLNM should be individually evaluated and analyzed for the necessity of lateral lymph node dissection.
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Toraih EA, Fawzy MS, Ning B, Zerfaoui M, Errami Y, Ruiz EM, Hussein MH, Haidari M, Bratton M, Tortelote GG, Hilliard S, Nilubol N, Russell JO, Shama MA, El-Dahr SS, Moroz K, Hu T, Kandil E. A miRNA-Based Prognostic Model to Trace Thyroid Cancer Recurrence. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174128. [PMID: 36077665 PMCID: PMC9454675 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Some thyroid tumors elected for surveillance remain indolent, while others progress. The mechanism responsible for this difference is poorly understood, making it challenging to devise patient surveillance plans. Early prediction is important for tailoring treatment and follow-up in high-risk patients. The aim of our study was to identify predictive markers for progression. We leveraged a highly sensitive test that accurately predicts which thyroid nodules are more likely to develop lymph node metastasis, thereby improving care and outcomes for cancer patients. Abstract Papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) account for most endocrine tumors; however, screening and diagnosing the recurrence of PTC remains a clinical challenge. Using microRNA sequencing (miR-seq) to explore miRNA expression profiles in PTC tissues and adjacent normal tissues, we aimed to determine which miRNAs may be associated with PTC recurrence and metastasis. Public databases such as TCGA and GEO were utilized for data sourcing and external validation, respectively, and miR-seq results were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). We found miR-145 to be significantly downregulated in tumor tissues and blood. Deregulation was significantly related to clinicopathological features of PTC patients including tumor size, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and recurrence. In silico data analysis showed that miR-145 can negatively regulate multiple genes in the TC signaling pathway and was associated with cell apoptosis, proliferation, stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Taken together, the current study suggests that miR-145 may be a biomarker for PTC recurrence. Further mechanistic studies are required to uncover its cellular roles in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Toraih
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-346-907-4237
| | - Manal S. Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar P.O. Box 1321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bo Ning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mourad Zerfaoui
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Youssef Errami
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Emmanuelle M. Ruiz
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Mohammad H. Hussein
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Muhib Haidari
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Melyssa Bratton
- Biospecimen Core Laboratory, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Giovane G. Tortelote
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sylvia Hilliard
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Naris Nilubol
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jonathon O. Russell
- Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mohamed A. Shama
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Samir S. El-Dahr
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Krzysztof Moroz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tony Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Emad Kandil
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Cappellacci F, Canu GL, Lai ML, Lori E, Biancu M, Boi F, Medas F. Association between hashimoto thyroiditis and differentiated thyroid cancer: A single-center experience. Front Oncol 2022; 12:959595. [PMID: 35965566 PMCID: PMC9366466 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.959595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the iodine-sufficient areas of the world. Differentiated thyroid cancer is the most common thyroid cancer subtype, accounting for more than 95% of cases, and it is considered a tumor with a good prognosis, although a certain number of patients experience a poor clinical outcome. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has been found to coexist with differentiated thyroid cancer in surgical specimens, but the relationship between these two entities has not yet been clarified. Our study aims to analyze the relationship between these two diseases, highlighting the incidence of histological diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis in differentiated thyroid cancer patients, and assess how this autoimmune disorder influences the risk of structural disease recurrence and recurrence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cappellacci
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Federico Cappellacci,
| | - Gian Luigi Canu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Lai
- Department of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lori
- Department of Surgical Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Biancu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Boi
- Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabio Medas
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Zhao Y, Shi W, Dong F, Wang X, Lu C, Liu C. Risk prediction for central lymph node metastasis in isolated isthmic papillary thyroid carcinoma by nomogram: A retrospective study from 2010 to 2021. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1098204. [PMID: 36733797 PMCID: PMC9886574 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1098204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isthmic papillary thyroid carcinoma (IPTC) is an aggressive thyroid cancer associated with a poor prognosis. Guidelines elaborating on the extent of surgery for IPTC are yet to be developed. This study aims to construct and validate a model to predict central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with IPTC, which could be used as a risk stratification tool to determine the best surgical approach for patients. METHODS Electronic medical records for patients diagnosed with isolated papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent surgery at Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from January 2010 to December 2021 were reviewed. All patients who underwent thyroidectomy with central neck dissection (CND) for isolated IPTC were included. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess risk factors for ipsilateral and contralateral CLNM and the number of CLNM in IPTC patients. Based on the analysis, the nomogram construction and internal validations were performed. RESULTS A total of 147 patients with isolated IPTC were included. The occurrence of CLNM was 53.7% in the patients. We identified three predictors of ipsilateral CLNM, including age, gender, and size. For contralateral CLNM, three identified predictors were age, gender, and capsular invasion. Predictors for the number of CLNM included age, gender, capsular invasion, tumor size, and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT). The concordance index(C-index) of the models predicting ipsilateral CLNM, contralateral CLNM, 1-4 CLNM, and ≥5 CLNM was 0.779 (95%CI, 0.704, to 0.854), 0.779 (95%CI, 0.703 to 0.855), 0.724 (95%CI, 0.629 to 0.818), and 0.932 (95%CI, 0.884 to 0.980), respectively. The corresponding indices for the internal validation were 0.756 (95%CI, 0.753 to 0.758), 0.753 (95%CI, 0.750 to 0.756), 0.706 (95%CI, 0.702 to 0.708), and 0.920 (95%CI, 0.918 to 0.922). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA) results confirmed that the three nomograms could precisely predict CLNM in patients with isolated IPTC. CONCLUSION We constructed predictive nomograms for CLNM in IPTC patients. A risk stratification scheme and corresponding surgical treatment recommendations were provided accordingly. Our predictive models can be used as a risk stratification tool to help clinicians make individualized surgical plans for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuhua Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chong Lu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunping Liu, ; Chong Lu,
| | - Chunping Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunping Liu, ; Chong Lu,
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