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Mangas-Moro A, Casitas R, Sánchez-Sánchez B, Fernández-Navarro I, Fernández-Lahera J, Galera R, Martínez-Cerón E, Zamarrón E, García-Río F. Characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea related to insulin resistance. Sleep Breath 2024; 28:1625-1634. [PMID: 38717715 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-024-03040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with multiple comorbidities, including diabetes. Its development is preceded by alterations in the initial phase of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by insulin resistance. This study aims to evaluate the role of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation characteristic of OSA on the risk of insulin resistance among apneic patients without diabetes. METHODOLOGY 92 consecutive patients with OSA without evidence of diabetes were recruited. Overnight video polysomnography was performed and, the following morning, fasting blood glucose, insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin were determined. Insulin resistance was measured using the HOMA-IR index. RESULTS Insulin resistance was present in 52.2% of OSA patients. In these subjects, insulin resistance was independently associated to the apnea index during REM sleep (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.16; p = 0.004), desaturation index (aOR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.13; p = 0.027), and sleep time with oxygen saturation below 90% (aOR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.08; p = 0.049). Furthermore, the HOMA-IR level was also directly related to the desaturation index (standardized regression coefficient [B] = 0.514, p < 0.001) and to the apnea index during REM sleep (B = 0.344, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Intermittent hypoxia and disturbances in REM sleep emerge as main contributors to insulin resistance in OSA patients yet to experience diabetes onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mangas-Moro
- Respiratory Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Casitas
- Respiratory Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center On Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Sánchez-Sánchez
- Respiratory Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fernández-Navarro
- Respiratory Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Lahera
- Respiratory Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Galera
- Respiratory Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center On Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet Martínez-Cerón
- Respiratory Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center On Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Zamarrón
- Respiratory Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Río
- Respiratory Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center On Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Zhou X, Xu J, Dai H. The ratio of alanine aminotransferase to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is positively correlated with the insulin resistance in American adults: a population-based cohort study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1418364. [PMID: 38962742 PMCID: PMC11220187 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1418364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have demonstrated a correlation between the ratio of alanine aminotransferase to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ALT/HDL-C) in the serum and the risk of diabetes. However, no existing study has investigated the association between insulin resistance (IR) and ALT/HDL-C. Therefore, this study aims to explore the association between ALT/HDL-C and IR in American adults. Methods A total of 7,599 adults selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2013 to 2020 were studied. IR was assessed based on the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). And the association between IR and ALT/HDL-C was assessed through multiple logistic regression, generalized smooth curve fitting and subgroup analyses. Results Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated a significant correlation between IR and ALT/HDL-C, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.04 (95% CI = 1.02-1.05) in males and 1.04 (95% CI = 1.02-1.07) in females. A non-linear association and saturation effect between ALT/HDL-C and IR risk were identified, with an inverted L shaped curve and an inflection point at 33.62. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of ALT/HDL-C was significantly larger (AUC = 0.725 for males and 0.696 for females, all p < 0.01) compared with the use of ALT, HDL-C, AST and AST/ALT. Subgroup analysis showed a significantly higher independent association in obese individuals and individuals aged ≥50 years (All P interaction <0.05). Conclusion Elevated ALT/HDL-C demonstrates a significant correlation with IR, which can be used as a potential indicator of IR in American adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huifang Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Zhou X, Xu J. Association between serum uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and insulin resistance in an American population: A population-based analysis. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:762-771. [PMID: 38407574 PMCID: PMC11143423 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have demonstrated a correlation between the serum uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) and insulin resistance (IR) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, no existing studies have investigated the relationship between IR and UHR in the general population. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between UHR and IR in the general American population. METHODS A sample of 8,817 participants was selected from the 2013 to 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to assess insulin resistance. Multiple logistic regression, generalized smooth curve fitting, and subgroup analysis were used to assess the association between IR and UHR. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated a significant correlation between insulin resistance and UHR, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.07 (95% CI = 1.03-1.11) in males and 1.18 (95% CI = 1.13-1.25) in females. A non-linear relationship and saturation effect between IR risk and UHR were observed, characterized by an inverted L-shaped curve and a critical inflection point at 8.82. It was found that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of UHR was significantly larger (AUC = 0.703 for males and 0.747 for females, all P < 0.01) compared with the use of UA or HDL-C alone. Subgroup analysis showed that this independent association remain consistent regardless of race, age, BMI, diabetes, moderate activities, education level, alcohol drinking, and gender. CONCLUSION Elevated UHR demonstrates a significant correlation with insulin resistance, so it can be used as a potential indicator of insulin resistance within the American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohai Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Das S, Devi Rajeswari V, Venkatraman G, Elumalai R, Dhanasekaran S, Ramanathan G. Current updates on metabolites and its interlinked pathways as biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review. Transl Res 2024; 265:71-87. [PMID: 37952771 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that poses a serious risk as it can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DKD is linked to changes in the diversity, composition, and functionality of the microbiota present in the gastrointestinal tract. The interplay between the gut microbiota and the host organism is primarily facilitated by metabolites generated by microbial metabolic processes from both dietary substrates and endogenous host compounds. The production of numerous metabolites by the gut microbiota is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of DKD. However, a comprehensive understanding of the precise mechanisms by which gut microbiota and its metabolites contribute to the onset and progression of DKD remains incomplete. This review will provide a summary of the current scenario of metabolites in DKD and the impact of these metabolites on DKD progression. We will discuss in detail the primary and gut-derived metabolites in DKD, and the mechanisms of the metabolites involved in DKD progression. Further, we will address the importance of metabolomics in helping identify potential DKD markers. Furthermore, the possible therapeutic interventions and research gaps will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Das
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Ramprasad Elumalai
- Department of Nephrology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - Sivaraman Dhanasekaran
- School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Knowledge Corridor, Raisan Village, PDPU Road, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
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Wang Y, Shen Y, Lu S, Wu J. EVOO supplement prevents type 1 diabetes by modulating gut microbiota and serum metabolites in NOD mice. Life Sci 2023; 335:122274. [PMID: 37979832 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is the highest quality olive oil available and has been shown to regulate postprandial blood glucose in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, it remains uncertain whether EVOO can prevent the onset of T1D. In this study, we investigated the potential preventive effect of orally administered EVOO on T1D in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. MAIN METHODS We analyzed changes in fecal microbes using 16 s rDNA sequencing and serum metabolites using Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS). KEY FINDINGS Our findings showed that EVOO supplementation in NOD mice slowed gastric emptying, reduced insulitis, and delayed T1D onset. Moreover, EVOO altered the composition of fecal microbes, increasing the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, and promoting the growth of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, such as Lachnoclostridium and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005. Moreover, it also increased beneficial serum metabolites, including unsaturated fatty acid and triterpenoid, which positively correlated with the increased SCFA-producing bacteria and negatively correlated with the disease indicators. Conversely, most decreased serum lipid metabolites, such as Oleamide, showed the opposite trend. SIGNIFICANCE Our study demonstrates that EVOO may ameliorate pancreas inflammation and prevent T1D onset in NOD mice by modulating gut microbiota and serum metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yiming Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shiping Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans 70112, United States
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Jeziorny K, Pietrowska K, Sieminska J, Zmyslowska-Polakowska E, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M, Zmyslowska A. Serum metabolomics identified specific lipid compounds which may serve as markers of disease progression in patients with Alström and Bardet-Biedl syndromes. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1251905. [PMID: 38028552 PMCID: PMC10657895 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1251905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Alström syndrome (ALMS) and Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) are among the so-called ciliopathies and are associated with the development of multiple systemic abnormalities, including early childhood obesity and progressive neurodegeneration. Given the progressive deterioration of patients' quality of life, in the absence of defined causal treatment, it seems reasonable to identify the metabolic background of these diseases and search for their progression markers. The aim of this study was to find metabolites characteristic to ALMS and BBS, correlating with clinical course parameters, and related to the diseases progression. Methods: Untargeted metabolomics of serum samples obtained from ALMS and BBS patients (study group; n = 21) and obese/healthy participants (control group; each of 35 participants; n = 70) was performed using LC-QTOF-MS method at the study onset and after 4 years of follow-up. Results: Significant differences in such metabolites as valine, acylcarnitines, sphingomyelins, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, as well as lysophosphatidylethanolamines and lysophosphatidylcholines were observed when the study group was compared to both control groups. After a follow-up of the study group, mainly changes in the levels of lysophospholipids and phospholipids (including oxidized phospholipids) were noted. In addition, in case of ALMS/BBS patients, correlations were observed between selected phospholipids and glucose metabolism parameters. We also found correlations of several LPEs with patients' age (p < 0.05), but the level of only one of them (hexacosanoic acid) correlated negatively with age in the ALMS/BBS group, but positively in the other groups. Conclusion: Patients with ALMS/BBS have altered lipid metabolism compared to controls or obese subjects. As the disease progresses, they show elevated levels of lipid oxidation products, which may suggest increased oxidative stress. Selected lipid metabolites may be considered as potential markers of progression of ALMS and BBS syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Jeziorny
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital–Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Pietrowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Julia Sieminska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Oliveira NCD, Balikian Júnior P, Júnior ATDC, Bento EDS, Tonholo J, Aquino T, Sousa FADB, Araujo GGD, Ferreira ML. Environmental Planning and Non-Communicable Diseases: A Systematic Review on the Role of the Metabolomic Profile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6433. [PMID: 37510665 PMCID: PMC10380082 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the major cause of death worldwide and have economic, psychological, and social impacts. Air pollution is the second, contributing to NCDs-related deaths. Metabolomics are a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool for NCDs, as they allow the identification of biomarkers linked to emerging pathologic processes. The aim of the present study was to review the scientific literature on the application of metabolomics profiling in NCDs and to discuss environmental planning actions to assist healthcare systems and public managers based on early metabolic diagnosis. The search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines using Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases with the following MeSH terms: "metabolomics" AND "noncommunicable diseases" AND "air pollution". Twenty-nine studies were eligible. Eleven involved NCDs prevention, eight addressed diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, systemic arterial hypertension, or metabolic syndrome. Six studies focused on obesity, two evaluated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, two studied cancer, and none addressed chronic respiratory diseases. The studies provided insights into the biological pathways associated with NCDs. Understanding the cost of delivering care where there will be a critical increase in NCDs prevalence is crucial to achieving universal health coverage and improving population health by allocating environmental planning and treatment resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Balikian Júnior
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport (IEFE), Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Tenório da Cunha Júnior
- Kineanthropometry, Physical Activity and Health Promotion Laboratory (LACAPS), Physical Education Department, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca, Arapiraca 57309-005, AL, Brazil
| | - Edson de Souza Bento
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology (IQB), Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
| | - Josealdo Tonholo
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology (IQB), Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
| | - Thiago Aquino
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology (IQB), Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
| | - Filipe Antonio de Barros Sousa
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport (IEFE), Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gomes de Araujo
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport (IEFE), Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lamano Ferreira
- Department of Geoenvironmental Analysis, Guarulhos University, Central Campus, Guarulhos 07023-070, SP, Brazil
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Role of Impaired Glycolysis in Perturbations of Amino Acid Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021724. [PMID: 36675238 PMCID: PMC9863464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequent alterations in plasma amino acid concentrations in type 1 and type 2 diabetes are decreased L-serine and increased branched-chain amino acid (BCAA; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) levels. The likely cause of L-serine deficiency is decreased synthesis of 3-phosphoglycerate, the main endogenous precursor of L-serine, due to impaired glycolysis. The BCAA levels increase due to decreased supply of pyruvate and oxaloacetate from glycolysis, enhanced supply of NADH + H+ from beta-oxidation, and subsequent decrease in the flux through the citric acid cycle in muscles. These alterations decrease the supply of α-ketoglutarate for BCAA transamination and the activity of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in BCAA catabolism. L-serine deficiency contributes to decreased synthesis of phospholipids and increased synthesis of deoxysphinganines, which play a role in diabetic neuropathy, impaired homocysteine disposal, and glycine deficiency. Enhanced BCAA levels contribute to increased levels of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan), insulin resistance, and accumulation of various metabolites, whose influence on diabetes progression is not clear. It is concluded that amino acid concentrations should be monitored in patients with diabetes, and systematic investigation is needed to examine the effects of L-serine and glycine supplementation on diabetes progression when these amino acids are decreased.
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Postmortem Metabolomics of Insulin Intoxications and the Potential Application to Find Hypoglycemia-Related Deaths. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010005. [PMID: 36676928 PMCID: PMC9912265 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmortem metabolomics can assist death investigations by characterizing metabolic fingerprints differentiating causes of death. Hypoglycemia-related deaths, including insulin intoxications, are difficult to identify and, thus, presumably underdiagnosed. This investigation aims to differentiate insulin intoxication deaths by metabolomics, and identify a metabolic fingerprint to screen for unknown hypoglycemia-related deaths. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry data were obtained from 19 insulin intoxications (hypo), 19 diabetic comas (hyper), and 38 hangings (control). Screening for potentially unknown hypoglycemia-related deaths was performed using 776 random postmortem cases. Data were processed using XCMS and SIMCA. Multivariate modeling revealed group separations between hypo, hyper, and control groups. A metabolic fingerprint for the hypo group was identified, and analyses revealed significant decreases in 12 acylcarnitines, including nine hydroxylated-acylcarnitines. Screening of random postmortem cases identified 46 cases (5.9%) as potentially hypoglycemia-related, including six with unknown causes of death. Autopsy report review revealed plausible hypoglycemia-cause for five unknown cases. Additionally, two diabetic cases were found, with a metformin intoxication and a suspicious but unverified insulin intoxication, respectively. Further studies are required to expand on the potential of postmortem metabolomics as a tool in hypoglycemia-related death investigations, and the future application of screening for potential insulin intoxications.
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Lillo A, Marin S, Serrano-Marín J, Bernal-Casas D, Binetti N, Navarro G, Cascante M, Sánchez-Navés J, Franco R. Biogenic Amine Levels Markedly Increase in the Aqueous Humor of Individuals with Controlled Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112752. [PMID: 36361545 PMCID: PMC9658658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the aqueous humor of patients with type 2 diabetes is relevant to understanding the underlying causes of eye-related comorbidities. Information on the composition of aqueous humor in healthy subjects is limited due to the lack of adequate controls. To carry out a metabolomics study, 31 samples of aqueous humor from healthy subjects without ocular pathology, submitted to refractive surgery and seven samples from patients with type 2 diabetes without signs of ocular pathology related to diabetes were used. The level of 25 molecules was significantly (p < 0.001) altered in the aqueous humor of the patient group. The concentration of a single molecule, N-acetylornithine, makes it possible to discriminate between control and diabetes (sensitivity and specificity equal to 1). In addition, receptor operating characteristic curve and principal component analysis for the above-mentioned six molecules yielded significantly (p < 0.001) altered in the aqueous humor of the patient group. In addition, receptor operating characteristic curve and principal component analysis for six compounds yielded cut-off values and remarkable sensitivity, specificity, and segregation ability. The altered level of N-acetylornithine may be due to an increased amount of acetate in diabetes. It is of interest to further investigate whether this alteration is related to the pathogenesis of the disease. The increase in the amino form of pyruvate, alanine, in diabetes is also relevant because it could be a means of reducing the formation of lactate from pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Lillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Marin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEREHD, Network Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Serrano-Marín
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bernal-Casas
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Binetti
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEREHD, Network Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Sánchez-Navés
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmedic and I.P.O, Institute of Ophthalmology, 07011 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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