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Ravikumar D, Ramani P, Gayathri R. Genotypic diversity of Streptococcus mutans in children with and without early childhood caries- A systematic review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:308-312. [PMID: 33816099 PMCID: PMC8010460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genotypic diversity and polymorphism of Streptococcus mutans remain as a topic of interest, as this provides a satisfactory explanation for the contrasting caries status in people harboring Sterptococcus mutans. This systematic review aimed to analyze and appraise Genomic diversity of Streptococcus mutans and its relationship in Early Childhood Caries. METHODS A literature search was conducted until August 2020 using PubMed, Cochrane central, SIGLE using search keywords and MeSH headings include "Early Childhood caries", "Streptococcus mutans" and "Genotypic diversity". Apart from the aforementioned electric search, manual search was also done. The retrieved papers were assessed by three review authors and the disagreements were discussed and the final decision was made by consensus. Qualities of the included studies were assessed and data were extracted for analysis. RESULTS A total of 4081 papers were retrieved for screening after the removal of duplicate articles. Among the retrieved studies, 4074 papers did not satisfy the study inclusion criteria. Finally, those 7 papers which fulfilled all the inclusion criteria were selected and reviewed systematically. CONCLUSION Genetic polymorphism and genetic mutation exist in S.mutans strain and the missense mutation varies between children with and without Early Childhood caries. The number of genotypes of S.mutans varies between caries active and caries-free children. Due to the lack of adequate studies on gene mutations for direct comparison, further studies are needed to evaluate these gene mutation and its diversities to draw a definitive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - R. Gayathri
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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2
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Li B, Pan T, Lin H, Zhou Y. The enhancing antibiofilm activity of curcumin on Streptococcus mutans strains from severe early childhood caries. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:286. [PMID: 32938379 PMCID: PMC7493841 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the main cariogenic bacteria for caries. It was found that the clinical strains of S. mutans isolated from caries active population have stronger cariogenic ability than the isolates from caries-free (CF) people. Previous studies have found that curcumin can inhibit biofilm formation of S. mutans UA159. The objective of this study is to explore the antibiofilm effect of curcumin on the clinical isolates of S. mutans from severe early childhood caries(SECC). RESULTS The isolates from SECC group had more biomass than CF group (t = 4.296, P < 0.001). The acidogenicity and aciduricity of the strains from two groups showed no significant difference. After treatment with curcumin, the viability of biofilm was reduced to 61.865% ± 7.108% in SECC and to 84.059% ± 10.227% in CF group at 24 h (P < 0.05). The net reduction of live bacteria and total bacteria in the SECC group was significantly higher than that of the CF group (live bacteria t = 3.305, P = 0.016; total bacteria t = 2.378, P = 0.045) at 5 min. For 24 h, the net reduction of live bacteria and total bacteria in the SECC group was significantly higher than that of the CF group (live bacteria t = 3.305, P = 0.016; total bacteria t = 2.378, P = 0.045). The reduction of biofilm thickness reduced significantly in 5 min (t = 4.110, P = 0.015) and in 24 h (t = 3.453, P = 0.014). Long-term (24 h) curcumin treatment inhibited the amount of EPS in SECC group from (25.980 ± 1.156) μm3/μm2 to (20.136 ± 1.042) μm3/μm2, the difference was statistically significant (t = 7.510, P < 0.001). The gene of gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, fruA and srtA in the CF group and the gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, srtA in SECC group were respectively reduced after 5 min curcumin treatment. After 24 h treatment, the gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, fruA and srtA in both two groups were downregulation, all the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin has antibiofilm activity on clinical strains of S. mutans, especially for those isolated from SECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchun Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Yin L, Zhu W, Chen D, Zhou Y, Lin H. Small noncoding RNA sRNA0426 is involved in regulating biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1096. [PMID: 32633012 PMCID: PMC7521000 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) are involved in the complex regulatory networks governing biofilm formation. Few studies have investigated the role of sRNAs in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). In the present study, the association between sRNA and biofilm formation in S. mutans was explored. sRNAs that are differentially expressed in the biofilm and planktonic states of this bacterium were identified by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to investigate the characteristics of biofilm formation in a standard strain of S. mutans (UA159, ATCC 700610) and ten clinical strains. Bioinformatics analyses were employed to predict and examine potential sRNA regulatory pathways. The results showed that sRNA0426 has a strong positive relationship with dynamic biofilm formation. Moreover, sRNA0426 expression was positively correlated with exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. Bioinformatics analyses showed that sRNA0426 is involved in biofilm formation such as metabolic pathways, especially carbon metabolism. Five target mRNAs (GtfB, GtfC, GtfD, ComE, and CcpA) involved in the synthesis of EPS were selected for further evaluation; the expression levels of three of these mRNAs (GtfB, GtfC, and CcpA) were positively correlated with sRNA0426 expression levels, and the expression level of one (ComE) was negatively correlated. In conclusion, the results suggested that sRNA0426 may play an important and positive role in the biofilm formation of S. mutans and provide novel insight into the S. mutans biofilm regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoping Yin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongru Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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Kirthiga M, Murugan M, Saikia A, Kirubakaran R. Risk Factors for Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case Control and Cohort Studies. Pediatr Dent 2019; 41:95-112. [PMID: 30992106 PMCID: PMC7100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review to assess current evidence for association between various risk factors and the prevalence or incidence of early childhood caries (ECC). Methods: Two reviewers searched various databases until January 2019. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to perform risk of bias assessment. The included studies were categorized according to the World Bank classification. Data were summarized in a meta-analysis using fixed and random effects inverse-generic meta-analyses. Results: A total of 7,034 records involving 89 studies that evaluated 1,352,097 individuals were included; 23 were high, 46 were moderate, and 20 were of low quality. A total of 123 risk factors were found. Meta-analysis revealed that the strongest risk factors found in the high-income countries were presence of dentinal caries (dmft greater than zero; odds ratio [OR] equals 4.21 [2.18 to 8.16]) and high levels of mutans streptococci (OR equals 3.83 [1.81 to 8.09]). In upper-middle-income countries, presence of enamel defects (OR equals 14.62 [6.10 to 35.03]) was found to be the strongest risk factor. Conclusion: The strongest risk factors associated with early childhood caries was the presence of enamel defects, presence of dentinal caries and high levels of mutans streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kirthiga
- Dr. M is an Early Career Research fellow (Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance), Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
| | - Muthu Murugan
- Dr. Murugan is Head of Center for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu;,
| | - Ankita Saikia
- Dr. Saikia is a pediatric dental surgeon, Pedo Planet - Children's Dental Centre, Chennai
| | - Richard Kirubakaran
- Dr. Kirubakaran is a biostatistician, South Asian Cochrane Network and Centre, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu
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Nibali L, Di Iorio A, Tu YK, Vieira AR. Host genetics role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and caries. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 44 Suppl 18:S52-S78. [PMID: 27754553 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to produce the latest summary of the evidence for association of host genetic variants contributing to both periodontal diseases and caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two systematic searches of the literature were conducted in Ovid Medline, Embase, LILACS and Cochrane Library for large candidate gene studies (CGS), systematic reviews and genome-wide association studies reporting data on host genetic variants and presence of periodontal disease and caries. RESULTS A total of 124 studies were included in the review (59 for the periodontitis outcome and 65 for the caries outcome), from an initial search of 15,487 titles. Gene variants associated with periodontitis were categorized based on strength of evidence and then compared with gene variants associated with caries. Several gene variants showed moderate to strong evidence of association with periodontitis, although none of them had also been associated with the caries trait. CONCLUSIONS Despite some potential aetiopathogenic similarities between periodontitis and caries, no genetic variants to date have clearly been associated with both diseases. Further studies or comparisons across studies with large sample size and clear phenotype definition could shed light into possible shared genetic risk factors for caries and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - Anna Di Iorio
- Library Services, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Yu-Kang Tu
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Zhou Y, Millhouse E, Shaw T, Lappin DF, Rajendran R, Bagg J, Lin H, Ramage G. Evaluating Streptococcus mutans Strain Dependent Characteristics in a Polymicrobial Biofilm Community. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1498. [PMID: 30083138 PMCID: PMC6064717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate strain dependent differences of the cariogenic biofilm forming Streptococcus mutans within both simple and complex communities. Methods: A mono-species containing representative S. mutans clinical isolates (caries and non-caries), and a multispecies in vitro caries biofilm model containing Lactobacillus casei, Veillonella dispar, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Actinomyces naeslundii, and either of two representative S. mutans clinical isolates (caries and non-caries), was developed as a comparison model. Compositional analysis of total and live bacteria within biofilms, and transcriptional analysis of biofilm associated virulence factors were evaluated by live/dead PCR and quantitative PCR, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the architecture of biofilm. One-way analysis of variance and t-tests were used to investigate significant differences between independent groups of data. Results: Within a mono-species biofilm, different S. mutans strains responded similarly to one another during biofilm formation in different carbohydrate sources, with sucrose showing the highest levels of biofilm biomass and galactose showing the lowest. Within the polymicrobial biofilm system, compositional analysis of the bacteria within the biofilm showed that S. mutans derived from a caries-free patient was preferentially composed of both total and viable L. casei, whereas S. mutans derived from a caries patient was dominated by both total and viable S. mutans (p < 0.001). Normalized gene expression analysis of srtA, gtfB, ftf, spaP, gbpB, and luxS, showed a general upregulation within the S. mutans dominant biofilm. Conclusion: We were able to demonstrate that individual strains derived from different patients exhibited altered biofilm characteristics, which were not obvious within a simple mono-species biofilm model. Influencing the environmental conditions changed the composition and functionality S. mutans within the polymicrobial biofilm. The biofilm model described herein provides a novel and reproducible method of assessing the impact on the biofilm microbiome upon different environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Emma Millhouse
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Shaw
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David F Lappin
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ranjith Rajendran
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Bagg
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Huancai Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,ESCMID Study Group for Biofilms, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Zhu W, Liu S, Liu J, Zhou Y, Lin H. High-throughput sequencing identification and characterization of potentially adhesion-related small RNAs in Streptococcus mutans. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:641-651. [PMID: 29595415 PMCID: PMC5994696 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adherence capacity is one of the principal virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans, and adhesion virulence factors are controlled by small RNAs (sRNAs) at the post-transcriptional level in various bacteria. Here, we aimed to identify and decipher putative adhesion-related sRNAs in clinical strains of S. mutans. Methodology RNA deep-sequencing was performed to identify potential sRNAs under different adhesion conditions. The expression of sRNAs was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and bioinformatic methods were used to predict the functional characteristics of sRNAs. Results A total of 736 differentially expressed candidate sRNAs were predicted, and these included 352 sRNAs located on the antisense to mRNA (AM) and 384 sRNAs in intergenic regions (IGRs). The top 7 differentially expressed sRNAs were successfully validated by qRT-PCR in UA159, and 2 of these were further confirmed in 100 clinical isolates. Moreover, the sequences of two sRNAs were conserved in other Streptococcus species, indicating a conserved role in such closely related species. A good correlation between the expression of sRNAs and the adhesion of 100 clinical strains was observed, which, combined with GO and KEGG, provides a perspective for the comprehension of sRNA function annotation. Conclusion This study revealed a multitude of novel putative adhesion-related sRNAs in S. mutans and contributed to a better understanding of information concerning the transcriptional regulation of adhesion in S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, PR China
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Zhuang PL, Yu LX, Liao JK, Zhou Y, Lin HC. Relationship between the genetic polymorphisms of vicR and vicK Streptococcus mutans genes and early childhood caries in two-year-old children. BMC Oral Health 2018. [PMID: 29530000 PMCID: PMC5848541 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The VicRK two-component signalling system regulates virulence and cariogenicity in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). The purpose of this study was to explore the genetic polymorphisms of the vicR and vicK genes, which are associated with dental caries in children with S. mutans. Methods In this study, 121 (from each group) clinical S. mutans strains were isolated from caries-free children and children with high-severity caries to sequence the vicR and vicK genes. Genomic DNA was extracted from S. mutans strains and amplified using PCR. The PCR products were purified and sequenced. A chi-squared test and ABI Variant Reporter software were used to analyse the sequencing results. Results The 242 clinically isolated S. mutans strains contained the full-length vicR and vicK genes. No nucleotide sequence insertions or deletions were observed in the two genes. Four silent point mutations were identified in the vicR genes, and no missense mutations could be detected. Forty-one mutations were identified in the vicK genes. In addition to 32 silent mutations, 9 missense mutations at the 173, 337, 470, 1051, 1132, 1258, 1260, 1277, and 1348 bp positions were found. The distribution frequencies of the missense mutations were not significantly different between the groups, except for the C470T mutation. The frequency of the C470T missense mutation was higher in the high-severity caries group than in the caries-free group. Conclusions vicR sequences are highly conserved in S. mutans clinical isolates. The locus 470 missense mutation of the vicK gene may be related to caries in children with S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lin Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjian Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Li Xia Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Juan Kun Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjian Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Huan Cai Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China. .,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
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Chen D, Zhi Q, Zhou Y, Tao Y, Wu L, Lin H. Association between Dental Caries and BMI in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Caries Res 2018; 52:230-245. [PMID: 29353283 DOI: 10.1159/000484988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the association between dental caries and body mass index (BMI) in children has shown contradictory results; thus we aimed to examine the association between dental caries and the full range of BMI classes among children. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies published prior to March 2017. Articles comparing dental caries among the full range of BMI classes for children below 18 years of both genders were included. Fourteen studies were eligible for this study. Basic information - i.e., first author, published year, study design, country, sample size, age, type of dental caries index and BMI, main results and conclusions, and means and standard deviations of the dental caries indexes used - was pooled. The weighted mean differences and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for dental caries between children with abnormal weight and those with normal weight were analyzed. Generally, no significant differences in caries were found between any abnormal-weight group and the normal-weight group for both primary and permanent teeth. Sensitivity analyses showed that the obese group had more caries than the normal-weight group in their primary teeth. Significantly more caries was found among the overweight and obese children in both primary and permanent teeth in high-income countries, but not in low- and middle-income countries. We recommend that further studies use suitable sample sizes, unify the criteria for BMI categorization and the dental caries index, and investigate the confounding factors that might influence dental caries and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongru Chen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Zhu W, Liu S, Zhuang P, Liu J, Wang Y, Lin H. Characterization of acid‑tolerance‑associated small RNAs in clinical isolates of Streptococcus mutans: Potential biomarkers for caries prevention. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9242-9250. [PMID: 29039505 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is a cariogenic bacterium that contributes to dental caries due to its ability to produce lactic acid, which acidifies the local environment. The potential of S. mutans to respond to environmental stress and tolerate low pH is essential for its survival and predominance in caries lesions. Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) have been reported to be involved in bacterial stress and virulence. Few studies have investigated the sRNAs of S. mutans and the function of these sRNAs remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the association between sRNA133474 and acid tolerance, including potential underlying mechanisms, were investigated within clinical strains of S. mutans. From pediatric dental plaques, 20 strains of S. mutans were isolated. An acid killing assay was performed to analyze acid tolerance of S. mutans. Expression patterns of sRNA133474 were investigated during various growth phases under various acidic conditions via reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RNA predator and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to predict target mRNAs of sRNA133474 and to examine the involvement of putative pathways of target mRNAs, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrated that sRNA133474 activity was growth phase‑dependent, and two distinct expression patterns were identified in 10 clinical strains. At pH 5.5 and 7.5 the expression levels of sRNA133474 were significantly different, and high‑acid tolerant strains exhibited reduced expression levels of sRNA133474 compared with low‑acid tolerant strains. A correlation between sRNA133474 expression levels and acid tolerance was observed in 20 clinical isolates of S. mutans (r=‑0.6298, P<0.01). Finally, five target mRNAs (liaS, liaR, comE, covR and ciaR) involved in the two‑component system (TCS) were selected for further evaluation; the expression levels of three target mRNAs (liaR, ciaR and covR) were negatively correlated with sRNA133474 expression levels. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that S. mutans may utilize sRNA133474 to orchestrate TCSs for optimal adaption to acidic pH in clinical strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Peilin Zhuang
- Department of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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11
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Zhou Y, Yu L, Tao Y, Zhi Q, Lin H. Genetic polymorphism of scrA gene of Streptococcus mutans isolates is not associated with biofilm formation in severe early childhood caries. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:114. [PMID: 28705197 PMCID: PMC5513023 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore and analyse the association between biofilm and the genetic polymorphisms of scrA gene of EnzymeIIscr found in clinical isolates of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) from severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) in 3 years old children. Methods Clinical strains of S. mutans were conserved from a previous study. Thirty strains of S. mutans from the S-ECC group and 30 strains of S. mutans from the caries free (CF) group were selected. Biomass and viability of biofilm formed by the strains were evaluated by crystal violet and alamar blue assay. Genomic DNA was extracted from the S. mutans isolates. PCR was conducted to amplify scrA gene. After purified and sequenced the PCR products, BioEdit sofeware was used to analyse the sequence results. A chi-square test was used to compare the results. Results Compared to the CF group, the biomass of S-ECC group was higher (P = 0.0424). However, the viability of the two groups showed no significant difference. All 60 clinically isolated S. mutans strains had a 1995 base pair (bp) scrA gene. Forty-nine point mutations were identified in scrA from the 60 clinical isolates. There were 17 missense point mutations at the 10, 65, 103, 284, 289, 925, 1444, 1487, 1494, 1508, 1553, 1576, 1786, 1822, 1863, 1886, and 1925 bp positions. The other 32 mutations were silent point mutations. No positions were found at active sites of ScrA. The statistic analyse showed no significant missense mutation rates between the two groups. Conclusions There was no association between biofilm and genetic polymorphisms of scrA from S. mutans with S-ECC in 3 years old children. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-017-0407-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Qinghui Zhi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, 510055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
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12
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Peres KG, Nascimento GG, Peres MA, Mittinty MN, Demarco FF, Santos IS, Matijasevich A, Barros AJD. Impact of Prolonged Breastfeeding on Dental Caries: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study. Pediatrics 2017; 140:e20162943. [PMID: 28759394 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have assessed the effect of breastfeeding, bottle feeding, and sugar consumption on children's dental caries. We investigated whether the duration of breastfeeding is a risk factor for dental caries in the primary dentition, independently of sugar consumption. METHODS An oral health study (n = 1303) nested in a birth cohort study was carried out in southern Brazil. The average number of decayed, missing, and filled primary tooth surfaces (dmfs) and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC: dmfs ≥6) were investigated at age 5 years. Breastfeeding was the main exposure collected at birth and at 3, 12, and 24 months of age. Data on sugar consumption were collected at 24, 48, and 60 months of age. Marginal structural modeling was used to estimate the controlled direct effect of breastfeeding (0-12, 13-23, and ≥24 months) on dmfs and on S-ECC. RESULTS The prevalence of S-ECC was 23.9%. The mean number of dmfs was 4.05. Children who were breastfed for ≥24 months had a higher number of dmfs (mean ratio: 1.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.5-2.4) and a 2.4 times higher risk of having S-ECC (risk ratio: 2.4; 95% confidence interval: 1.7-3.3) than those who were breastfed up to 12 months of age. Breastfeeding between 13 and 23 months had no effect on dental caries. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged breastfeeding increases the risk of having dental caries. Preventive interventions for dental caries should be established as early as possible because breastfeeding is beneficial for children's health. Mechanisms underlying this process should be investigated more deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Glazer Peres
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, and
| | - Gustavo G Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, and
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marco Aurelio Peres
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, and
| | - Murthy N Mittinty
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Ina Silva Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Aluisio J D Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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13
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Lapirattanakul J, Takashima Y, Tantivitayakul P, Maudcheingka T, Leelataweewud P, Nakano K, Matsumoto-Nakano M. Cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans clinical isolates with sortase defects. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 81:7-14. [PMID: 28458044 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Streptococcus mutans, a Gram-positive pathogen of dental caries, several surface proteins are anchored by the activity of sortase enzyme. Although various reports have shown that constructed S. mutans mutants deficient of sortase as well as laboratory reference strains with a sortase gene mutation have low cariogenic potential, no known studies have investigated clinical isolates with sortase defects. Here, we examined the cariogenic properties of S. mutans clinical isolates with sortase defects as well as caries status in humans harboring such defective isolates. DESIGN Sortase-defective clinical isolates were evaluated for biofilm formation, sucrose-dependent adhesion, stress-induced dextran-dependent aggregation, acid production, and acid tolerance. Additionally, caries indices of subjects possessing such defective isolates were determined. RESULTS Our in vitro results indicated that biofilm with a lower quantity was formed by sortase-defective as compared to non-defective isolates. Moreover, impairments of sucrose-dependent adhesion and stress-induced dextran-dependent aggregation were found among the isolates with defects, whereas no alterations were seen in regard to acid production or tolerance. Furthermore, glucan-binding protein C, a surface protein anchored by sortase activity, was predominantly detected in culture supernatants of all sortase-defective S. mutans isolates. Although the sortase-defective isolates showed lower cariogenic potential because of a reduction in some cariogenic properties, deft/DMFT indices revealed that all subjects harboring those isolates had caries experience. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the impairment of cariogenic properties in S. mutans clinical isolates with sortase defects, though the detection of these defective isolates seemed not to imply low caries risk in the subjects harboring them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinthana Lapirattanakul
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Yukiko Takashima
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Pornpen Tantivitayakul
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thaniya Maudcheingka
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
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14
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Zhuang PL, Yu LX, Tao Y, Zhou Y, Zhi QH, Lin HC. Effects of missense mutations in sortase A gene on enzyme activity in Streptococcus mutans. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:47. [PMID: 27068451 PMCID: PMC4827206 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the major aetiological agent of dental caries, and the transpeptidase Sortase A (SrtA) plays a major role in cariogenicity. The T168G and G470A missense mutations in the srtA gene may be linked to caries susceptibility, as demonstrated in our previous studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of these missense mutations of the srtA gene on SrtA enzyme activity in S. mutans. Methods The point mutated recombinant S.mutans T168G and G470A sortases were expressed in expression plasmid pET32a. S. mutans UA159 sortase coding gene srtA was used as the template for point mutation. Enzymatic activity was assessed by quantifying increases in the fluorescence intensity generated when a substrate Dabcyl-QALPNTGEE-Edans was cleaved by SrtA. The kinetic constants were calculated based on the curve fit for the Michaelis-Menten equation. Results SrtA△N40(UA159) and the mutant enzymes, SrtA△N40(D56E) and SrtA△N40(R157H), were expressed and purified. A kinetic analysis showed that the affinity of SrtA△N40(D56E) and SrtA△N40(R157H) remained approximately equal to the affinity of SrtA△N40(UA159), as determined by the Michaelis constant (Km). However, the catalytic rate constant (kcat) and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of SrtA△N40(D56E) were reduced compared with those of SrtA△N40(R157H) and SrtA△N40(UA159), whereas the kcat and kcat/Km values of SrtA△N40(R157H) were slightly lower than those of SrtA△N40(UA159). Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that the T168G missense mutation of the srtA gene results in a significant reduction in enzymatic activity compared with S. mutans UA159, suggesting that the T168G missense mutation of the srtA gene may be related to low cariogenicity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0204-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Zhuang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Road West, Guangzhou, China
| | - L X Yu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Tao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q H Zhi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H C Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Road West, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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