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Lee H. Oral health is an integral part of maternal and child health. J Public Health Policy 2024; 45:595-601. [PMID: 38918498 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-024-00492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Lee
- Global Maternal and Child Oral Health Center at the Seoul National University Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.
- Oral Health Workgroup of the World Federation of Public Health Association, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Phoosuwan N, Bunnatee P, Lundberg PC. Oral health knowledge, literacy and behavior of pregnant women: a qualitative study in a northeastern province of Thailand. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:653. [PMID: 38834970 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is a unique period of women's lives, and oral health is an important public health indicator during this period. Pregnant women have increased vulnerability to oral health problems. The study aimed to describe oral health knowledge, literacy and behavior of pregnant women in a northeastern province of Thailand. METHODS A descriptive study was used. Twenty pregnant women who attended antenatal care clinics of eight public hospitals in the province were recruited by use of purposive sampling. They participated voluntarily in individual interview. The Health Belief Model was used as conception framework. All data were transcribed and subjected to content analysis. RESULTS Five categories emerged: Misbelief and lack of knowledge, Oral health problems and dental care seeking, Oral health information from different persons, Self-care management of oral health, and Fear of and anxiety towards dental treatment. The findings showed that low knowledge of need for treatment, little importance to oral health and low priority of dental needs affect the demand for dental care. Fear of and anxiety towards dental treatment were the results of negative past experiences of neglecting dental care. Some women perceived health benefits of practicing self-care of oral health during pregnancy. CONCLUSION The findings help to better understand the oral health issues of pregnant women and provide baseline information for oral health promotion. Such promotion and culturally appropriate care should be integrated in maternal health education classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitikorn Phoosuwan
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Box 564, Uppsala, SE-751 22, Sweden
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakonnakhon Province Campus, Sakonnakhon Province, Thailand
| | | | - Pranee C Lundberg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Box 564, Uppsala, SE-751 22, Sweden.
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Velosa‐Porras J, Rodríguez Malagón N. Perceptions, knowledge, and practices related to oral health in a group of pregnant women: A qualitative study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e823. [PMID: 38073037 PMCID: PMC10860550 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease is increasing in pregnant women. Dental care is mostly sufficient to prevent oral diseases and perform timely interventions. However, few pregnant women go to the dental office during this period due to a lack of knowledge. The perceptions, knowledge, and oral health practices of pregnant women have been scarcely explored and should be taken into account to propose positive interventions in this population. OBJECTIVES To identify and explore the perceptions, knowledge, and practices of oral health in a group of pregnant women in Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four semistructured interviews were conducted in different areas of Colombia. The interviews were conducted via telephone, and the calls were recorded with the consent of the participants. The recordings were transcribed in Word® and checked for typing and transcription errors. The transcripts were analyzed using a hybrid approach combining inductive and deductive coding. The information was organized and encoded using NVivo12 ®software. We followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist. RESULTS Pregnant women reported having good oral health. One barrier mentioned for occupation (Job) was pregnancy. The appearance of the oral cavity has not negatively affected the relationships of pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS The pregnant women had good oral hygiene habits but did not receive dental check-ups. Knowledge in this group was limited and diverse. The information given by health professionals should be standardized, and some beliefs should be demystified. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE In general, few pregnant women were aware of bleeding gums during pregnancy. Empower pregnant women to take care of themselves through regular dental check-ups with the aim of preventing and treating oral diseases. Oral hygiene education and healthy nutritional habits should be intensified during this stage. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The participation in the study included a semistructured interview by telephone with the prior consent of the pregnant woman authorizing her involvement and the recording of the interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Velosa‐Porras
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsPontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotáColombia
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas CIO, Facultad de OdontologíaPontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotáColombia
| | - Nelcy Rodríguez Malagón
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsPontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotáColombia
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Mustuloğlu Ş, Özler CÖ, Tekçiçek MU, Arslan SS. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of dysphagia clinicians regarding oral health-An international study. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2024; 44:231-241. [PMID: 37029087 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of dysphagia clinicians regarding oral health care. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS An 11-question and 37-statement survey inquiring the clinicians' descriptive information, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to oral health was administered via Google forms. A total of 234 dysphagia clinicians responded on behalf of themselves. The findings showed that 41.5% (n = 97) of the clinicians had a high level of knowledge about oral health. There was a significant relationship between the level of oral health knowledge and the clinicians' oral health education (p < .05). A percentage of 6.4 (n = 15) of the clinicians had a high level of attitude toward oral health. Oral health education status of clinicians and their profession was significantly related to the attitude toward oral health (p < .05). Most of the clinicians (44.0%, n = 103) had low behavior level. The level of behavior was significantly associated with status of receiving oral health education, their professions, duration of experience, and institution (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The study showed that clinicians exhibit moderate mean knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors scores, and these states are significantly associated with oral health education. This can serve as a stimulus for clinicians caring for dysphagia patients to receive oral health education during their university education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma Mustuloğlu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Cansu Özsin Özler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meryem Uzamış Tekçiçek
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selen Serel Arslan
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kamalabadi YM, Campbell MK, Zitoun NM, Jessani A. Unfavourable beliefs about oral health and safety of dental care during pregnancy: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:762. [PMID: 37840149 PMCID: PMC10577919 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral conditions such as gingivitis and periodontitis are correlated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia, preterm birth and low birth weight. Oral health-related unfavourable beliefs can have negative influences on oral health behaviours including hesitation in accessing preventative dental treatments and dental service utilization. The objective of this systematic review was to examine unfavourable beliefs that expectant or new mothers frequently hold about oral health and the safety of dental care during pregnancy. METHODS An electronic database search on PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and MEDLINE (Ovid) followed by forward and backward citation tracing of the included studies was conducted. All English primary studies regardless of the year of publication were independently screened by two reviewers to identify studies addressing unfavourable beliefs about oral health and dental care during pregnancy. The CLARITY tool was applied to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. RESULTS Out of a total of 5766 records, 39 quantitative and six qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. The commonly held unfavourable beliefs were regarding the safety of dental services utilization and dental treatment procedures, the adverse impacts of pregnancy on oral health, and oral hygiene necessity during pregnancy. The most discussed unfavourable beliefs included "pregnant women lose their teeth because of pregnancy" (n = 18), "dental treatments are not safe and harm the fetus" (n = 17), and "the developing baby absorbs calcium from the mother's teeth" (n = 14). CONCLUSIONS Unfavourable beliefs about oral health and dental care utilization are common among pregnant women and new mothers. The literature suggests that a low level of oral health knowledge and seeking information from social networks can contribute to such beliefs. This has implications for health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Mohammadi Kamalabadi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1465 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6G 2M1, Canada
| | - M Karen Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1465 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 800 Commissioners Rd. E., London, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 800 Commissioners Rd. E., London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Rd. E., London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Natalie M Zitoun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1465 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6G 2M1, Canada
| | - Abbas Jessani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1465 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6G 2M1, Canada.
- Department of Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, Dental Sciences Building, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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Lafebre-Carrasco MF, Arroyo-Menéndez M, Lozano-Paniagua D, Parrón-Carreño T, Nievas-Soriano BJ. Social and Preventive Factors That Explain Oral Health among Pregnant Women in the Canton of Cuenca, Ecuador. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2664. [PMID: 37830702 PMCID: PMC10572668 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: pregnant women in underprivileged areas may face challenges that affect their oral health. The analysis of these issues such as toothaches or cavities, among others could be crucial for them. However, no studies have been conducted in Cuenca, Ecuador. Thus, this study aimed to create a model explaining how social factors and healthy habits impact oral health in Cuenca, Ecuador. (2) Methods: An observational study was performed using a questionnaire developed from scratch. Principal component factor analysis was performed to calculate the oral disease index based on the oral health issues reported by women during pregnancy. (3) Results: 1971 women participated in the research. In total, 88% reported at least one oral health problem, with cavities (34%) and bleeding gums (33%) as the most prevalent. The rate of preventive visits and frequent brushing were the two variables that most impacted the oral disease index. The consumption of sweets, age, and the belief that visiting the dentist harms their unborn child were also important factors. However, income, education, and ethnic background showed little to no effect. (4) Conclusions: The most beneficial determinants of oral health factors in pregnant women in Cuenca, Ecuador, are preventive dentist visits, frequent brushing, and a contained consumption of sweets. The main harmful factors are age and the misconception that dental visits can harm their unborn child. Surprisingly, income, education, and ethnic background have little effect. This study can be replicated in other countries and cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Millán Arroyo-Menéndez
- Department of Sociology: Theory and Methodology, Faculty of Political Science and Sociology, Member of TRANSOC Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - David Lozano-Paniagua
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (T.P.-C.); (B.J.N.-S.)
| | - Tesifón Parrón-Carreño
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (T.P.-C.); (B.J.N.-S.)
| | - Bruno José Nievas-Soriano
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (T.P.-C.); (B.J.N.-S.)
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Garcés-Elías MC, Del Castillo-López CE, Beltrán JA, León-Manco RA. Time elapsed since peruvian children's last dental care and head of household educational attainment: findings from a national database. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:376. [PMID: 37296392 PMCID: PMC10252166 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been documented that the parents' highest level of education has an impact on their children's access to oral health services and the frequency of their use.This study aimed to determine the association between time elapsed since peruvian children's last dental care and head of household educational attainment. METHODS Cross-sectional study using a database of children aged 0 to 11 years, with a final sample of 8012 participants. The dependent variable in this study was the time elapsed since last dental care and the independent variable was the head of household educational attainment. Other covariates considered were natural region, area of residence, place of residence, altitude, wealth index, health insurance coverage, sex and age. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were applied. RESULTS Time elapsed since last dental care in the year 2021 was 5.68 years (SD = 5.25). A hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was performed, analyzing the variables dimensions by separate and joint models. When head of household educational attainment was analyzed, there was no statistical significance (p = 0.262); however, other models did (p < 0.05). Model 4, which addresses all dimensions, was significant (p < 0.001) with an R2% of 0.011 and constant equal to 5.788; it showed significance with place of dental care, health insurance, altitude and age. CONCLUSIONS No association was found between head of household educational attainment and time elapsed since last dental care; however, the latter was associated with place of care, health insurance coverage, altitude and age in Peruvian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Claudia Garcés-Elías
- Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, Lima, 15102, Peru.
| | - César Eduardo Del Castillo-López
- Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, Lima, 15102, Peru
| | - Jorge A Beltrán
- Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, Lima, 15102, Peru
| | - Roberto A León-Manco
- Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, Lima, 15102, Peru
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Ajayi KV, Flores S, Fan Q, Ezenwanne F, Garney W, Wachira E. Prevalence, correlates, and sources of women's health information-seeking behaviors in the United States. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 111:107703. [PMID: 36905765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence, correlates, and sources of women's health information-seeking behaviors in the United States using the Andersen Behavioral Model. METHODS The 2012-2019 Health Information National Trends Survey data were used to analyze how and where women seek health theoretically. Weighted prevalence, descriptive analysis, and separate multivariable logistic regression models were computed to test the argument. RESULTS The overall prevalence of seeking health information from any source was (83%, 95% CI: 0.82-0.84). Between 2012 and 2019, the analysis revealed a downward trend in health information seeking from any source (85.2-82.4%), health care provider (19.0-14.8%), family/friends (10.4-6.6%), and traditional channels (5.4-4.8%). Interestingly, there was an increase in Internet usage from 65.4% to 73.8%. CONCLUSIONS We found statistically significant relationships between the predisposing, enabling, and need factors of the Andersen Behavioral Model. Specifically, age, race/ethnicity, income levels, educational status, perceived health status, having a regular provider, and smoking status predicted women's health information-seeking behaviors. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Our study concludes that several factors influence health information-seeking behaviors, and disparities exist in the channels through which women seek care. The implications for health communication strategies, practitioners, and policymakers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobi V Ajayi
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Sara Flores
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Qiping Fan
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Folakemi Ezenwanne
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Whitney Garney
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wachira
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas A&M University Commerce, TX 75428, USA
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Mohamadi-Bolbanabad A, Abdullah FZ, Safari H, Rezaei S, Afkhamzadeh A, Amirhosseini S, Shadi A, Mahmoudpour J, Piroozi B. Unmet dental care need in West of Iran: determinants and inequality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN HEALTHCARE 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ijhrh-09-2020-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the self-perceived need, seeking and use of dental care and its main determinants in Kurdistan province, Iran.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 1,056 adults in Kurdistan province were included in this cross-sectional study. Multistage sampling approach was used to select the samples. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, economic status, self-perceived need, seeking and use of dental care were collected using a self-administrated questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess factors affecting the use of dental care. In addition, socioeconomic inequality relating to dental care needs and use of dental care were examined using concentration curve and concentration index.
Findings
In this study, unmet dental care need was 62.7%. There was a perceived need for dental care among 13.7% (n = 145) of the participants in the past month, with only 39.3% (n = 57) seeking the care. The most important reasons for unmet dental care need were “Could not afford the cost” and “Insurance did not cover the costs.” Multivariate logistic regression showed that supplementary insurance status and household economic status were identified as main determinants affecting dental care-seeking behavior. The result of concentration index revealed that seeking dental care was more concentrated among the rich, whereas the perceived dental care need is more prevalent among the poor.
Originality/value
This study demonstrated that the prevalence of unmet dental care needs is high in the study setting. Also, financial barrier was identified as the main determinant of unmet dental care needs.
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Karki S, Alaraudanjoki V, Päkkilä J, Laitala ML, Anttonen V. Different Risk Factors for Erosive Tooth Wear in Rural and Urban Nepal: A National Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157766. [PMID: 34360059 PMCID: PMC8345451 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erosive tooth wear (ETW) is of growing concern, but data on ETW among Nepalese children are scarce. The main aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of ETW among Nepalese schoolchildren. We also aimed to analyse the risk indicators for ETW according to location (rural/urban) and the role of obesity in the risk for ETW. METHODS This national study was conducted among 5-15-year-old Nepalese schoolchildren from different regions. Altogether, 1137 out of 1151 schoolchildren participated in both a clinical examination and a survey. ETW was recorded using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination. RESULTS The prevalence of ETW was 65%. One-fifth of the examined subjects were in need of preventive or restorative treatment. Living in an urban area and studying in a private school were protective factors for ETW, whereas consuming fruits frequently and using charcoal for tooth cleaning increased the odds for ETW. Central obesity was the strongest risk indicator for ETW among urban residents. CONCLUSIONS ETW of low severity is common among Nepalese children and adolescents. Socio-demographic factors influence the prevalence of ETW in Nepal and there seems to be different factors that play a role in the ETW process according to location of residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saujanya Karki
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (S.K.); (M.-L.L.); (V.A.)
| | - Viivi Alaraudanjoki
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (S.K.); (M.-L.L.); (V.A.)
- Finnish Student Health Services Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jari Päkkilä
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Marja-Liisa Laitala
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (S.K.); (M.-L.L.); (V.A.)
- Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, POB 5281, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Vuokko Anttonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (S.K.); (M.-L.L.); (V.A.)
- Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, POB 5281, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Rahebi D, Valadbeigi T, Hasani J, Hajipour M, Erfanpoor S, Etemad K, Yaghoobi H, Zolfizadeh F, Esmaeilzadeh F, Gholami A, Rajabi A. Utilization of dental care in Iranian pregnant women: Findings from a population-based study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021; 18:26. [PMID: 34249252 PMCID: PMC8248262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although dental care attendance during pregnancy has been recommended by guidelines and institutions, the demand for dental services is still low among pregnant women. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of not receipt dental care and also determinants of that during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This population-based study was conducted on 4071 mothers in 10 provinces of Iran, during 2014-2015. We calculated the prevalence of not receipt of dental care, and reasons for nonreceipt of care. We used logistic regression to estimate odds of nonreceipt of care by demographics variables. In the analyses, the level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Overall, 54.70% of women had no dental visit during pregnancy. In mothers who had a history of stillbirth, neonatal death and live birth, the prevalence of not receipt dental care during pregnancy were 54.56%, 48.92%, and 58.76%, respectively. The logistic regression analyses showed that parity second-to-fourth birth than first birth (odds ratio [OR] 1.37 confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.17-1.59, residence in rural (OR 1.68 CI 95% 1.45-1.95), and not intended pregnancy (OR 1.32 CI 95% 1.03-1.68) associated with not received dental care during pregnancy. CONCLUSION Most pregnant women in this study received insufficient dental care. The need for dental care during pregnancy must be promoted widely among women of reproductive age, and family barriers to dental care should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Rahebi
- Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Tannaz Valadbeigi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Hasani
- Department of Public Health, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hajipour
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Erfanpoor
- Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Etemad
- Department of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Halime Yaghoobi
- Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zolfizadeh
- Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Firooz Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Health Economic, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Abdolhalim Rajabi
- Environmental Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Abdolhalim Rajabi, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Hirkan Blvd., Gorgan 1449614535, Iran. E-mail:
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Hunsrisakhun J, Talungchit S, Naorungroj S. Effectiveness of Alcohol-free Mouth Rinse Containing Essential Oils and Fluoride as an Oral Hygiene Adjunct among Pregnant Thai Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 10:803-812. [PMID: 33437716 PMCID: PMC7791593 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_289_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This 3-month, double-blind, two-center, parallel, randomized controlled clinical trial compared the improvement of oral hygiene status from alcohol-free essential oils (EO) with 0.05% fluoride mouthwash to the control (0.05% fluoride mouthwash). Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty-four pregnant women were clinically examined to determine Modified Gingival Index (MGI), Plaque Index (PI), and Winkel Tongue Coating Index (WTCI) at baseline, 2 weeks, and 3 months by calibrated examiners. After supragingival scaling and provision of a tooth brushing method, participants were randomly assigned to daily use of alcohol-free EO or the control rinse for 30s at bedtime. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to assess the effectiveness of alcohol-free EO with 0.05% fluoride mouthwash on MGI, PI, and WTCI scores. Results: One hundred and forty subjects completed the study. The dropout rate of 9.1% (n = 14) was mainly due to loss of follow-up. At baseline, no significant differences were observed between the intervention and the control groups for MGI (1.19±0.57 vs. 1.11±0.48, P = 0.371), PI (1.53±0.56 vs. 1.47±0.48, P = 0.439), and WTCI (0.88±0.48 vs. 0.88±0.50, P = 0.990). There was a statistically significant reduction of MGI, PI, and WTCI scores over time (P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed for between-group comparisons for all measured indices at any time point. No adverse effect was reported in either group. Conclusion: At the end of 3-month period, improvement of oral hygiene of pregnancy women in this study was evidence. However, the use of alcohol-free EO mouthwash as supplements to the daily oral hygiene did not provide a significant improvement in terms of plaque, gingival, and tongue coating indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaranya Hunsrisakhun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Supitcha Talungchit
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.,Common Oral Diseases and Oral Epidemiology Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Naorungroj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.,Common Oral Diseases and Oral Epidemiology Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.,Prosthodontics and Occlusion Rehabilitation Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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Rajabi A, Rahebi D, Valadbeigi T, Hasani J, Hajipour M, Erfanpoor S, Etemad K, Yaghoobi H, Zolfizadeh F, Esmaeilzadeh F, Gholami A. Utilization of dental care in Iranian pregnant women: Findings from a population-based study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.313121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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14
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Erchick DJ, Agrawal NK, Khatry SK, Katz J, LeClerq SC, Reynolds MA, Mullany LC. Adherence to and acceptability of three alcohol-free, antiseptic oral rinses: A community-based pilot randomized controlled trial among pregnant women in rural Nepal. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 48:501-512. [PMID: 33070354 PMCID: PMC7689705 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antiseptic oral rinses have been evaluated as interventions to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with periodontal disease in pregnant women. Oral rinse use is not common in Nepal or other countries in South Asia, where the prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes is high. Understanding whether pregnant women in rural communities in this region would incorporate rinse use into their daily teeth cleaning routine is an important prerequisite to future research on this topic in South Asia. METHODS We conducted a community-based pilot randomized controlled trial of three alcohol-free, antiseptic oral rinses among pregnant women <22 weeks pregnant in rural Nepal with the aim of assessing rinse acceptability, adherence, and effect on clinical periodontal measures. At baseline, participants underwent a clinical periodontal examination, and then were classified as healthy or having at least mild gingivitis (≥1 site with probing depth (PD) 3 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) or ≥4 mm (PD)). Participants were stratified by periodontal status and randomized within each exposure category to chlorhexidine (CHX) (0.12%), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) (0.05%), salt and water (NaCl), or control (no rinse). Rinse participants were followed weekly for 12 weeks, and all participants underwent a second periodontal examination and answered a questionnaire. RESULTS Pregnant women in the rural Terai region of Nepal showed high adherence to (mean weekly rinse use: 185 mL (standard deviation: 66 mL)) a recommended 210 mL and acceptability of all three rinses. Participants reported greater frequency of tooth brushing with toothpaste and improvements in other recommended oral hygiene behaviours. CHX significantly reduced rates of gingivitis (defined as a participant with BOP ≥ 10% of sites) and the extent of BOP (gingivitis at the end of follow-up for CHX vs control: RR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.84). CPC and NaCl rinse groups had rates of gingivitis and extent of BOP similar to the control group (gingivitis at the end of follow-up for CPC: RR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.47, 1.38; NaCl: RR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.55, 1.56). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to and acceptability of three alcohol-free, antiseptic oral rinses were high among pregnant women in rural Nepal. Among participants with mild gingivitis at baseline, CHX rinse was most effective at reducing signs of disease compared to the control group. Oral rinse should be considered as a supplement to current oral self-care routines for pregnant women in settings where rinse use is uncommon and access to oral health services is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Erchick
- Department of International HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Nitin K. Agrawal
- Department of DentistryInstitute of MedicineTribhuhvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | - Subarna K. Khatry
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project – Sarlahi (NNIPS)KathmanduNepal
| | - Joanne Katz
- Department of International HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Steven C. LeClerq
- Department of International HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project – Sarlahi (NNIPS)KathmanduNepal
| | - Mark A. Reynolds
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and TherapeuticsUniversity of Maryland School of DentistryBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Luke C. Mullany
- Department of International HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
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15
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Fakheran O, Keyvanara M, Saied-Moallemi Z, Khademi A. The impact of pregnancy on women's oral health-related quality of life: a qualitative investigation. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:294. [PMID: 33109149 PMCID: PMC7590741 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complex psychological and physiological changes occur in women’s body during pregnancy. These changes affect both oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). In almost all of the previous cross-sectional design studies on pregnant women, generic OHRQoL instruments have been used to measure OHRQoL. While such instruments may be reliable, they may not be appropriate to evaluate the OHRQoL in special populations like pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-perceived factors affecting the OHRQoL among pregnant women. Methods In this qualitative descriptive study, twenty- seven pregnant women were recruited from four healthcare centers located in Isfahan city, Iran. The interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to collect and analyze the data. Four criteria of credibility, dependability, transferability, and confirmability were implemented through established procedures to confirm the study rigor.
Results Three major themes and six sub-themes capturing the impacts of pregnancy on women’s OHRQoL were identified. They covered all areas of life, including daily life, psychological well-being, social life, physical impact, and also barriers to utilization of dental care services. Some new domains such as “dentists’ refusal to treat pregnant women”, “negative feelings about pregnancy” and “concerns about fetal health” were found as important factors which could influence the OHRQoL during pregnancy. Conclusion The findings help to better understand the oral health issues impacting women during pregnancy and to achieve person-centered care and improved oral health outcomes in pregnant women. The conceptual framework created based on the results of this study may help health care workers and policy makers for improving the health of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Fakheran
- Department of Oral Health and Community Dentistry, Dental Implant Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Keyvanara
- Department of Health Services Management, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Saied-Moallemi
- Department of Oral Health and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbasali Khademi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Jain L, Juneja R, Kansal R, Kumar V. Prevalence of myths regarding oral health among pregnant women in North India. Int J Dent Hyg 2020; 19:127-134. [PMID: 32985118 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence of myths regarding oral health care in pregnant women in North Indian population. METHODS This cross-sectional study used a self-administered closed-ended questionnaire to assess oral healthcare related beliefs and practices in 400 pregnant women who reported for prenatal checkup in a tertiary healthcare centre in North India. The questionnaire included questions to elicit information on socio-demographic factors, beliefs and practices of oral hygiene during pregnancy, attitude towards dental problems occurring during pregnancy and the reasons associated with a specific belief. Prevalence of various myths was observed, and its associations with various socio-demographic factors, adverse pregnancy outcomes and dental symptoms were analysed. RESULTS 84.2% of the respondents harboured at least one oral healthcare related myth. 63.4% of respondents deferred brushing for many days after delivery. 36.6% of respondents avoided consumption of hot/cold food and drinks during pregnancy due to fear of tooth loss. 24.5% of respondents believed local anaesthesia could affect baby's developing organs, and 21.8% of the studied population believed tooth extraction might cause miscarriage. Females possessing more myths were more likely to experience severe oral health problems during pregnancy. Education was depicted as a significant negative predictor of the prevalence of myths. No significant correlation between myths prevalence and history of adverse pregnancy outcomes was found. CONCLUSION Neglect of oral health due to myths about oral hygiene practices and dental treatment during pregnancy is a serious concern. A very high prevalence of these myths is an obstacle to goal of optimal maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Jain
- Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal, India
| | - Ruchi Juneja
- Department of Dentistry, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal, India
| | - Richa Kansal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- Department of Dentistry, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal, India
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Soegyanto AI, Larasati RN, Wimardhani YS, Özen B. Mother’s Knowledge and Behaviour Towards Oral Health During Pregnancy. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2020.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Agrawal P, Manohar S, Thorne-Lyman AL, Angela KC, Shrestha B, Klemm RD, West KP. Prevalence of damaged and missing teeth among women in the southern plains of Nepal: Findings of a simplified assessment tool. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225192. [PMID: 31794571 PMCID: PMC6890177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the prevalence of missing and damaged teeth among women in the rural southern plains of Nepal using an interviewer-administered tooth assessment module. Setting 21wards in seven Village Development Committees across the Tarai of Nepal in 2015. Participants Resident, married women of children less than 5 years of age or those married in the 2 years prior to the survey, 14 to 49 years of age participating in a mid-year nutrition and health survey in the Tarai region of Nepal. Outcome measures Prevalence of missing and damaged teeth, history of dental problems, oral hygiene practices, access to dental treatment and risk factors for missing and damaged teeth. Results Of 3007 assessed women, aged 14 to 49 years of age, 22.8% (95% CI: 21.4–24.4) reported ≥ 1 missing or damaged teeth; 81.5% (95% CI 80.1–82.9) reported regularly practicing oral hygiene, typically with standard local dentifrices. Pain or discomfort in the oral cavity in the previous 6 months affected 17.6% of women. Among these, 43.8% had sought treatment from a dental facility, pharmacy or village doctor. Home remedies were commonly applied to relieve pain. Conclusion Broken and missing teeth are common, affecting nearly one-quarter of adult women of reproductive age in rural Southern Nepal, as assessed by an interviewer-administered questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Agrawal
- International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Swetha Manohar
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - K. C. Angela
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Binod Shrestha
- PoSHAN Study Team, Johns Hopkins University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rolf D. Klemm
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Helen Keller International, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Keith P. West
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Liu PP, Wen W, Yu KF, Gao X, Wong MCM. Dental Care-Seeking and Information Acquisition During Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142621. [PMID: 31340485 PMCID: PMC6679345 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Pregnant women are at risk of oral health problems. This qualitative study aims to understand dental care-seeking behaviours of pregnant women and their oral health-related information acquisition, to identify barriers to and motivators for, dental visits, and further explore their expectations and possible strategies to improve oral health care during pregnancy. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 pregnant women (after 32 gestational weeks) enrolled in the antenatal care programme in a public hospital in Hong Kong. Two main areas of interest were probed: Dental care-seeking behaviour and oral health information acquisition. Their expectations and suggestions on oral health care service for pregnant women were also explored. An inductive thematic approach was adopted to analyse the data. Results: Pregnant women’s dental care-seeking behaviour was deterred by some internal factors, such as misunderstandings on oral health, and priority on other issues over oral health. External factors such as inconvenient access to dental service during pregnancy also affected their care-seeking behaviours. Oral health information was passively absorbed by pregnant women through mass media and the social environment, which sometimes led to confusion. Oral health information acquisition from antenatal institutions and care providers was rare. Greater attention was paid to dental visit when they obtained proper information from previous dental visit experience or family members. A potential strategy to improve oral health care suggested by the interviewees is to develop a health care system strengthened by inter-professional (antenatal-dental) collaboration. Efficient oral health information delivery, convenient access to dental service, and improved ‘quality’ of dental care targeting the needs of pregnant women were identified as possible approaches to improve dental care for this population. Conclusion: Dental care-seeking behaviour during pregnancy was altered by various internal and external factors. A lack of, or conflict between, information sources result in confusion that can restrict utilisation of dental service. Integrating dental care into antenatal service would be a viable way to improve dental service utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Pei Liu
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weiye Wen
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Fung Yu
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - May Chun Mei Wong
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Abedi N. Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of educational interventions on dental and oral health promotion in Iran. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2019; 8:29. [PMID: 30993122 PMCID: PMC6432819 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_305_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental and oral health is a core component of general health and well-being. Few aspects of health are as accessible to personal control as oral hygiene which can be improved by simple behavioral changes. In recent years, dentists in the field of oral and dental health improvement have been research doing for measurement of validity and efficiency of available educational interventions. In this regard, meta-analysis integrates the results of different studies then determines the effect size of educational interventions. This study seeks to investigate the effective educational interventions on improving oral and dental health improvement in Iran by following the meta-analysis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present research was a meta-analysis study. This research by using the technique of meta-analysis to integrate the results of different studies, to determine the effect size of an educational intervention on improving oral and dental health improvement in Iran. Seventeen studies accepted in methodology were collected in Iran during 2001-2018, and analyzed through meta-analysis. The research tool was meta-analysis checklist. Effect size for each study was manually calculated. RESULTS The study findings showed that the rate of the effect size of educational intervention on Improving Oral and Dental Health Improvement in Iran was 0.62 (P ≤ 0.008) which according to Cohen's table was intermediate. CONCLUSION Findings of this meta-analysis support of the effectiveness of educational interventions on improving oral and dental health improvement in Iran. It seems that the educational interventions on improving dental and oral health can be used as a method for improving oral and dental health in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Abedi
- Department of Dental, Isfahan Medical Science University, Isfahan, Iran
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Erchick DJ, Rai B, Agrawal NK, Khatry SK, Katz J, LeClerq SC, Reynolds MA, Mullany LC. Oral hygiene, prevalence of gingivitis, and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Sarlahi District, Nepal. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:2. [PMID: 30611255 PMCID: PMC6321675 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral health status of pregnant women in low-resource communities such as Nepal has not been well characterized. This sub-population is also of specific interest given associations between poor oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes previously documented in other settings. We explored relationships between gingivitis and risk factors among pregnant women in rural Nepal. METHODS The design was a community-based, cross-sectional study in a sub-area of Sarlahi District, Nepal. Pregnant women < 26 weeks gestation underwent clinical periodontal exams conducted by community-based oral health workers. Exams included a full mouth assessment measuring bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) (six sites per tooth), and gingival recession, the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the free gingival margin (two direct sites per tooth). Data on participant risk factors were collected through household surveys, including demographic characteristics, oral health behaviors, care seeking, and health attitudes. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess relationships between gingivitis and risk factors. RESULTS We enrolled 1452 participants, of which 40% (n = 582) had signs of clinical gingivitis and 60% (n = 870) clinical health. Average participant age was 23. Most participants (88%) had never received oral health care. Participants averaged 10% of sites with BOP with most (79%) having ≥1 site with BOP. Nine percent of participants had ≥1 site with PD ≥4 mm, although very few participants (0.7%) had sites with PD ≥5 mm. Few participants (13%) had any recession (≥1 mm). In the final adjusted model, odds of gingivitis increased by 3% for each year of age (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00, 1.06) and were higher for women of short maternal stature (< 150 cm) (aOR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.79) and among women reporting cost to be a barrier to seeking dental care (aOR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.15). CONCLUSIONS Gingivitis was common and associated with age, maternal stature, self-reported high cost of dental care, and other risk factors among pregnant women in rural Nepal. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01177111 (Nepal Oil Massage Study) and NCT02788786 (Pilot Trial).
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Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Erchick
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - B. Rai
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project, Sarlahi (NNIPS), Krishna Galli, Lalitpur, Kathmandu Nepal
| | - N. K. Agrawal
- Department of Dentistry, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuhvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S. K. Khatry
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project, Sarlahi (NNIPS), Krishna Galli, Lalitpur, Kathmandu Nepal
| | - J. Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - S. C. LeClerq
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project, Sarlahi (NNIPS), Krishna Galli, Lalitpur, Kathmandu Nepal
| | - M. A. Reynolds
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - L. C. Mullany
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
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