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Shirahmadi S, Bashirian S, Soltanian AR, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Vahdatinia F. Effectiveness of theory-based educational interventions of promoting oral health among elementary school students. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:130. [PMID: 38195494 PMCID: PMC10775594 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of oral health education programs on the oral health of primary school students. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial study, 190 elementary fifth-grade female students were chosen using the multistage cluster sampling method. In this study, the Plaque Index (PI), Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Community Periodontal Index (CPI), tooth brushing using fluoride toothpaste, dental flossing frequency and factors affecting them were determined according to social cognitive theory (SCT). Interventions were implemented using the play method and with the help of three pamphlets, five posters, a celebration of oral health, and the creation of a Telegram group. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics indexes, t tests, paired sample t tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation tests. RESULTS The results showed that 3 months after the intervention, compared to before the intervention, the percentage of participants in the intervention group who brushed their teeth twice or more per day increased by 48.5%, and the percentage of participants who used dental floss at least once per day increased by 64.2%. The rate of gum bleeding decreased by 6.3%. The good OHI-S rate increased by 44.4%. Dental plaque decreased by 38.1%. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that a gamification design can be effective and useful in promoting the oral health of students. TRIAL REGISTRATION registration timing: retrospective, registration date: 18/10/2022, registration number: IRCT20141128020129N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samane Shirahmadi
- Department of community oral health, School of dentistry, Dental research center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeed Bashirian
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farshid Vahdatinia
- Dental implants research center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Marquillier T, Azogui-Levy S, Tenenbaum A. A proposal for an oral health educational programme for the first 1000 days of life: from pregnancy to childhood. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023; 24:803-806. [PMID: 37741951 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this paper is to highlight the need to consider oral health during the first 1000 days of a child's life with a view to developing appropriate educational programmes. CONTEXT The first 1000 days of life represent a window of opportunity for prevention in children. This concept is built on a consideration of the overall health of mother and child, taking into account social inequalities in health. It is now established that the oral health of the mother determines the oral health of her child. Furthermore, parents' knowledge and behaviour have a direct influence on their child's health. CONCLUSION The majority of the population does not have the necessary skills to adopt behaviours that promote oral health. The need for oral health education begins in the first 1000 days of life. Following the model of family health education, these programmes would involve providing pregnant women and, therefore, families with the skills they need to manage their own oral health and that of their future child as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Marquillier
- Université Lille, CHU Lille, UFR Odontologie, Odontologie Pédiatrique, 59000, Lille, France.
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire Éducations et Promotion de La Santé, LEPS, UR 3412, 93017, Bobigny, France.
| | - S Azogui-Levy
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire Éducations et Promotion de La Santé, LEPS, UR 3412, 93017, Bobigny, France
- Université Paris Cité, UFR d'Odontologie, Santé Publique, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière APHP-SU, Paris, France
| | - A Tenenbaum
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire Éducations et Promotion de La Santé, LEPS, UR 3412, 93017, Bobigny, France
- Université Paris Cité, UFR d'Odontologie, Santé Publique, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière APHP-SU, Paris, France
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Bittencourt JM, Martins LP, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA, Bendo CB. Psychosocial associated factors of early childhood caries and oral health-related quality of life: structural equation model approach. J Dent 2023; 133:104506. [PMID: 37028544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify a structural model for the identification of psychosocial associated factors of early childhood caries (ECC) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in preschool children and their families. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 533 preschool children from 4 to 6 years-old public and private preschools, from XXX, XXX. Parents/caregivers self-completed the Brazilian versions of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) and Resilience Scale as well as a structured questionnaire addressing socioeconomic status and child's oral health behavior. Two dentists who had undergone training and calibration exercises for ICDAS-epi and pufa index (Kappa≥0.95) performed the examinations for ECC. Stages of ECC were classified as free of visible carious lesion, initial caries, moderate caries, extensive caries without pulp consequences and extensive caries with pulp consequences. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, using Mplus version 8.6. RESULTS Lower socioeconomic status (b=-0.250; p<0.001) and higher frequency of free sugar consumption (b=0.122; p=0.033) were directly associated with a more severe stage of ECC. Lower parental resilience had an indirect impact on more severe stage of ECC which was mediated by the variable 'frequency of free sugar consumption' (b=-0.089; p=0.048). ECC was associated with lower child's OHRQoL (b=0.587; p<0.001) and lower family's OHRQoL (b=0.506; p<0.001). CONCLUSION Structural modeling revealed that the severity of ECC negatively impacted the OHRQoL of preschoolers and their families. The main associated factors of the severity of ECC were lower socioeconomic status, higher frequency of free sugar consumption and lower parental resilience. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE T The findings indicate that psychosocial and behavior variables can be associated with the severity of ECC, and ECC can be associated with negative impact on wellbeing and ability to perform daily activities of preschoolers and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Madeira Bittencourt
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Pereira Martins
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Isabela Almeida Pordeus
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Baccin Bendo
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
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Segù M, Baroni L, Bertuzzi F, Preda C. Oral hygiene practices in nurseries (0-3 years) in the cities of Pavia and Vigevano. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 3:991741. [PMID: 36743266 PMCID: PMC9889866 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.991741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study was conducted to evaluate attention to and knowledge of oral care in children aged 0-3 years, on the basis of data collected from early years educators working with this age group. Information was also collected about the oral hygiene practices adopted in nurseries and the types of food provided, with the aim of increasing knowledge and raising awareness of this topic. Materials and methods A questionnaire was created using the "Google Forms" program and sent to all the 47 nurseries in the city of Pavia and Vigevano. Results Twenty establishments agreed to take part in the research. Assessment of knowledge and of awareness of oral care among early years educators caring for children in the age range 0-3 years revealed variability and some confusion. The results showed a general lack of attention to oral care in the period before the milk teeth appear, as well as limited use of gauze swabs. There was generally some use of educational play focusing on this issue, albeit not daily across all the nurseries participating in the survey. Nurseries rarely had the support of a professional dental hygienist to raise awareness among early years educators and parents. Conclusions The findings obtained through this study indicate that, in the area surveyed, there is a lack of widespread knowledge and awareness of oral prevention in young children, and of the oral hygiene maintenance techniques to use in this age group. This suggests a need to develop preventive protocols to improve knowledge and awareness of children's oral health among the adults who care for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Segù
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy,Correspondence: Marzia Segù
| | - Laura Baroni
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Bertuzzi
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Camilla Preda
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Knowledge of Breastfeeding Mothers Regarding Caries Prevention in Toddlers. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10010136. [PMID: 36670686 PMCID: PMC9856759 DOI: 10.3390/children10010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mothers' awareness regarding the risk factors for the development of early childhood caries is crucial. The current study aims to examine the knowledge of breastfeeding mothers about their baby's dental health and prevention of ECC while comparing primiparous mothers to multiparous mothers. A total of 165 mothers aged 20-49 y/o participated in the study by completing questionnaires that assessed the knowledge and attitudes of mothers toward their infants' oral health. Results showed that (1) mothers were found to be highly knowledgeable regarding the oral hygiene of their infants and the recommended breastfeeding best practices (71%); (2) mothers with lower education showed poor knowledge regarding the recommended practices of infant oral health; (3) a large proportion of the mothers in the sample (62%) reported that they usually tasted the food before giving it to their baby, in a way they could transmit bacteria to infants; (4) most of the mothers (68%) were not aware that their dental health during pregnancy affects the infants' dental health; and (5) multiparous mothers were more knowledgeable regarding artificial baby milk composition (96%) in comparison with mothers with only a single child (60%). According to the results, there is a need to improve the knowledge of breastfeeding mothers, especially mothers who have one child and mothers with a lower education about their baby's dental health. The results of this study shed light on the knowledge of breastfeeding mothers on this important topic and could serve policymakers to improve practices toward advancing better oral health for infants, without sacrificing the benefits of breastfeeding, which are so crucial for infant health and development.
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Tahani B, Asgari I, Golkar S, Ghorani A, Hasan Zadeh Tehrani N, Arezoo Moghadam F. Effectiveness of an integrated model of oral health-promoting schools in improving children's knowledge and the KAP of their parents, Iran. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:599. [PMID: 36510207 PMCID: PMC9744048 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of an Oral Health Promoting School (OHPS) model on children's oral health in Iran. METHODS This interventional quasi-experimental study was conducted in the academic year 2019-20 among 354 primary school students and their parents. A questionnaire including 17 questions was distributed among children before and 5 months after the program (The ranges of possible scores = 0-17). Training workshops for the parents based on the theoretical domains framework were designed. Using educational sessions, pamphlets, tooth brushing dairies, assignments to do at home, educational videos and messages as reminders in social networks, parents were educated about dental caries, its risk factors and prevention principles. Best recommended oral health behaviors including tooth brushing and the use of fluoridated tooth paste were also educated. A questionnaire consisting of 18 knowledge (The ranges of possible scores = 0-18), 13 attitude and 10 practice questions were distributed among parents before and after the workshops. The data were fed into SPSS and analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics such as T-test, ANOVA and Correlation Coefficients (α = 0.05). RESULTS The mean pre-test knowledge (7.8 ± 1.7) was increased significantly in three schools after program, p < 0.001. In the post-test, girls gained significantly higher scores (9.61 ± 1.98 vs. 9.06 ± 1.4, p = 0.025). Among 147 parents, the mean knowledge was raised from 12.3 ± 3.1 (5-18) to 15 ± 3.03 (6-18), p < 0.001. Knowledge score of the parents attending both sessions was higher. Practice of the parents regarding the use of fluoridated tooth-paste was significantly improved (p < 0.001). Also, their attitude toward the ability of children to take care of their teeth was improved (p = 0.029). Based on the self-report of parents, 71.4% (n = 47) of mothers and 45.6% (n = 67) of their children used to brush once or two times daily and there was a correlation between their behaviors (p < 0.001, Spearman Correlation Coefficient = 0.4). CONCLUSION It seems that the education provided in OHPS had positive effects on increasing students' awareness and to some extent, the knowledge, attitude and practice of the parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Tahani
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Oral Public Health, Dental Research Center, Dental research Institute,School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Imaneh Asgari
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Oral Public Health, Dental Material Research Center, Dental Research Institute,School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shayan Golkar
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDental Students Research Commiittee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Ghorani
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDental Students Research Commiittee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nooshin Hasan Zadeh Tehrani
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDental Students Research Commiittee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Arezoo Moghadam
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDental Students Research Commiittee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Liu S, Chongsuvivatwong V, Zhang S, Thearmontree A. Effects of Parental Migration on Dental Caries of Six- to Eight-Year-Old Children Using Structural Equation Modeling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13470. [PMID: 36294059 PMCID: PMC9602841 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to document the relationship between dental caries, oral health behaviors, and the duration of parental migration in rural Yunnan, China, from September to December 2020. Seven rural primary schools with high parental migration were studied. The oral health status of 500 six- to eight-year-old students was assessed using clinical examination and caregivers' interviews. A total of 51.8% of the children had at least one parent absent for at least 6 months (left-behind children). Among those children with parental migration <6 months, 40.0% consumed sugar twice or more daily and 82.8% of those with parental migration from 6 to 12 months brushed once a day or less. The percentage of daily sugar consumption twice or more and brushing once or less among those without parental migration were 36.0% and 68.6%. Prevalence of caries in permanent teeth (DMFT) in children without parental migration and those whose parental migration <6 months, 6 to <12 months, and ≤12 months were 30.9%, 20.0%, 28.7% and 19.8%, respectively. Out of several other causal pathways between parental migration and dental caries, our structural equation model delineated that sugar consumption is the important mediator variable. Special education programs may be needed to educate caregivers on sugar consumption for the left-behind children in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Liu
- Improvement of Oral Health Care Research Unit, Community Dentistry Division, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | | | - Shinan Zhang
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Angkana Thearmontree
- Improvement of Oral Health Care Research Unit, Community Dentistry Division, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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What Do Mothers (or Caregivers) Know about Their Children’s Oral Hygiene? An Update of the Current Evidence. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081215. [PMID: 36010105 PMCID: PMC9406871 DOI: 10.3390/children9081215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tooth decay remains one of the most common diseases in children, although it is a preventable injury and despite significant advances that has been made in terms of attention and care for oral hygiene. Several studies have shown the association between prevalence of tooth decay in children and parents’ incorrect oral care habits, with a low educational level and a low socioeconomic background. The question that arises concerns the actual oral hygiene knowledge of mothers, fathers, family members or caregivers of young patients; therefore, the aim of this review is to investigate the genesis of gaps in the topic. A literature search was conducted through the Scopus and PubMed search engine and ended in May 2022; only studies from the past 20 years were included. Current evidence suggests that parents and caregivers still have little knowledge about their children’s oral health: there is not enough awareness about the importance of preventing oral diseases, due to poor attention to good oral hygiene but also lack of information from health professionals and institutions. In the future, all the professionals involved in the pregnant woman’s care should increase parents’ knowledge, solve their doubts, collect and compare data in order to design effective intervention programs.
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Wang K, Yu KF, Liu P, Lee GHM, Wong MCM. Can mHealth promotion for parents help to improve their children's oral health? A systematic review. J Dent 2022; 123:104185. [PMID: 35691452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of oral health education using mHealth approach to parents for improving their children's oral health. DATA Twelve studies were included after the screening and five studies in the data synthesis. The sample size varied from 34 to 1055. There was a very low level of evidence showing that mHealth approach could increase parents' knowledge and improve their brushing behaviors for children when compared to a negative control group. There was a low level of evidence showing mHealth approach could be more effective than printed material in increasing the parents' oral health knowledge. SOURCES This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (#CRD42021289324) with no funding support. STUDY SELECTION Studies targeting parents/caregivers of children age 12 or under were included. Interventions should be oral health promotion delivered via mobile devices. Study outcomes were parents' oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviors, and children's oral health status. Eight electronic databases/registration platforms: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, WoS, Global Health, Engineering Village 2, WHO ICTRP and ClinicalTrials.gov were lastly searched on 6th Oct 2021. The risk of bias tools used were RoB 2.0, ROBINS-I and NIH quality assessment tool for pre-post study. Meta-analysis using a fixed-effect model or vote counting based on the direction of effect was performed. CONCLUSION All included studies had a high risk of bias. Low/very low certainty of evidence existed that the mHealth approach could improve parents' oral health knowledge. However, there lacks evidence to show the effects of mHealth intervention exerted on other outcomes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The mHealth intervention could be a good approach to improve the parent's oral health knowledge. However, the theoretical model must be considered when designing the educational content. More research should be conducted to test the effectiveness of mHealth approaches on children's oral health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketian Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Fung Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong
| | - Pei Liu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong
| | - Gillian Hiu Man Lee
- Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong
| | - May Chun Mei Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong.
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Zhang T, Hong J, Yu X, Liu Q, Li A, Wu Z, Zeng X. Association between socioeconomic status and dental caries among Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional national study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e042908. [PMID: 34020971 PMCID: PMC8144044 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Socioeconomic inequalities in oral health are often neglected in oral health promotion. This cross-sectional study assessed the association between dental caries and socioeconomic status (SES) among preschool children in China. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Data from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China (2015), comprising of 40 360 children aged 3-5 years was used. METHODS Dental caries indicators including prevalence of dental caries, dental pain experience and number of decayed, missing and filling teeth (dmft). SES indicators included parental education and household income. The associations between SES and dental caries were analysed by using negative binomial regression or Poisson regression models according to data distribution. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were quantified by using the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) and Slope Index of Inequality (SII), respectively. RESULTS There were significant associations between SES and prevalence of dental caries and dmft (p<0.001). Children from lower educated (RII 1.36, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.43; SII 0.97, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.13) and lower household income (RII 1.17, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.24; SII 0.55, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.75) families had higher dmft than those from well-educated and most affluent families. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were larger in urban areas by household income, and in rural areas by parental education. CONCLUSIONS Association between dental caries and SES was demonstrated and socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries existed among Chinese preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Dental Public Health, College & Hospital of Stomatology of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jialan Hong
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xueting Yu
- Department of Dental Public Health, College & Hospital of Stomatology of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiulin Liu
- Department of Dental Public Health, College & Hospital of Stomatology of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Andi Li
- Department of Dental Public Health, College & Hospital of Stomatology of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhijing Wu
- Department of Dental Public Health, College & Hospital of Stomatology of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zeng
- Department of Dental Public Health, College & Hospital of Stomatology of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Michaelson V, Pilato KA, Davison CM. Family as a health promotion setting: A scoping review of conceptual models of the health-promoting family. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249707. [PMID: 33844692 PMCID: PMC8041208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The family is a key setting for health promotion. Contemporary health promoting family models can establish scaffolds for shaping health behaviors and can be useful tools for education and health promotion. Objectives The objective of this scoping review is to provide details as to how conceptual and theoretical models of the health promoting potential of the family are being used in health promotion contexts. Design Guided by PRISMA ScR guidelines, we used a three-step search strategy to find relevant papers. This included key-word searching electronic databases (Medline, PSycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL), searching the reference lists of included studies, and intentionally searching for grey literature (in textbooks, dissertations, thesis manuscripts and reports.) Results After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the overall search generated 113 included manuscripts/chapters with 118 unique models. Through our analysis of these models, three main themes were apparent: 1) ecological factors are central components to most models or conceptual frameworks; 2) models were attentive to cultural and other diversities, allowing room for a wide range of differences across family types, and for different and ever-expanding social norms and roles; and 3) the role of the child as a passive recipient of their health journey rather than as an active agent in promoting their own family health was highlighted as an important gap in many of the identified models. Conclusions This review contributes a synthesis of contemporary literature in this area and supports the priority of ecological frameworks and diversity of family contexts. It encourages researchers, practitioners and family stakeholders to recognize the value of the child as an active agent in shaping the health promoting potential of their family context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Michaelson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Kelly A. Pilato
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Colleen M. Davison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
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Shimamura M, Matsuyama Y, Morita A, Fujiwara T. Association between procrastination in childhood and the number of remaining teeth in Japanese older adults. J Epidemiol 2021; 32:464-468. [PMID: 33840649 PMCID: PMC9424186 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Procrastination is associated with stress and unhealthy behaviors. The oral condition reflects the long-term history of an individual's stress exposure and oral health behaviors; however, empirical studies on the association of procrastination in childhood with remaining teeth in older age are limited. We investigated the association of procrastination in childhood with the number of remaining teeth among community-dwelling older Japanese adults. METHODS In total, 1616 community-dwelling senior residents of Wakuya City (Miyagi Prefecture, Japan) who were enrolled in the National Health Plan & the Medical Care System for the Elderly completed a self-administered questionnaire on the number of teeth. Procrastination was measured using a single binary question about timing of holiday homework completion in childhood. The number of remaining teeth was assessed via a questionnaire with response options of ≥20, 10-19, 1-9, and 0 teeth. Ordered logistic regression models with potential confounders (sex, age, maternal education, childhood socioeconomic status (SES), childhood maltreatment, conscientiousness trait) and mediators (adulthood SES, smoking history, alcohol use history) were estimated. RESULTS Forty-six percent of participants reported a higher tendency to procrastinate in childhood. The proportions of participants with ≥20, 10-19, 1-9, and 0 teeth were 39.6, 22.7, 24.0, and 13.7%, respectively. After adjusting for all covariates, a higher tendency to procrastinate in childhood was significantly associated with having fewer remaining teeth (odds ratio = 1.28; 95% confidence interval = 1.05-1.57). CONCLUSION A higher tendency to procrastinate in childhood was associated with having fewer remaining teeth in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moemi Shimamura
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yusuke Matsuyama
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Ayako Morita
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Liu P, Wen W, Yu KF, Gao X, Lo ECM, Wong MCM. Effectiveness of a family-centered behavioral and educational counselling approach to improve periodontal health of pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:284. [PMID: 33066773 PMCID: PMC7568358 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor oral hygiene and high hormone levels during pregnancy can lead to a deterioration in periodontal health. This study assessed the effectiveness of a family-centered behavioral and educational counselling program on improving the periodontal health of women during pregnancy and postpartum. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted among pregnant women (10th-22nd gestational week) and their husbands. Participating families were randomized into test and control groups. Intervention in the test group included explanation of oral health education (OHE) pamphlets, oral hygiene instruction, individualized feedback, and proposed solutions to overcome barriers in self-care. Reinforcements were implemented in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and six months postpartum. In the control group, only OHE pamphlets were distributed. The assessed outcomes were bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket (Poc), loss of clinical attachment (LoA), and Visible Plaque Index (VPI). The data collection was carried out at baseline (T0), in the 32nd gestational week (T1), and 12 months postpartum (T2). RESULTS Altogether 589 pregnant women were recruited, and 369 attended all three visits (test:188; control:181). In the test group, the mean VPI score at T0 was 0.19, which decreased to 0.14 at T1 and 0.15 at T2. In the control group, the mean VPI decreased from 0.19 at T0 to 0.16 at T1, but increased to 0.22 at T2. A main effect of time and intervention and an interaction between time and intervention were detected (all p < 0.05), indicating that the intervention effect differed between T1 and T2. The test group showed a significantly greater decrease over time than the control group did. Similarly, the mean BOP% decreased more significantly over time in the test group (T0:57%, T1:46%, T2:35%) than in the control group (T0:58%, T1:52%, T2:46%). For Poc and LoA, there were improvements in both study groups at 12 months postpartum, compared with during pregnancy (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Providing family-centered, behavioral, and educational counselling to pregnant women at an early stage of pregnancy and with reinforcements can improve their oral hygiene and reduce gingival inflammation. The effect can be sustained over an extended period and is greater than that of distributing oral health leaflets alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov , #NCT02937194. Registered 18 October 2016. Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02937194?cond=Family-centered+oral+health+promotion+for+new+parents+and+their+infants&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Weiye Wen
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Ka Fung Yu
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Chin Man Lo
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - May Chun Mei Wong
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Perception of Dental Caries and Parental Difficulties in Implementing Oral Hygiene for Children Aged Less Than 6 Years: A Qualitative Study. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8030062. [PMID: 32629828 PMCID: PMC7559996 DOI: 10.3390/dj8030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive prevention programs, dental hygiene remains inadequate, particularly among children under the age of six, and early childhood caries (ECC) are still a concern. Oral hygiene behavior and preventive practices seem difficult to change at a family level. AIM The present study aimed to better understand the reasons behind this behavior and to identify the different barriers to the implementation of adequate preventive measures. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted in the pediatric dentistry service of the Montpellier University Hospital (France) in 2019. A thematic analysis concerning three domains was performed: family environment, dental literacy, and oral hygiene. RESULTS The main barriers encountered by the parents were, respectively, (1) a weakness in the organization of familial life, together with a low-medium family income and a lack of authority, (2) ignorance of the necessity of treating carious primary teeth, and (3) a lack of time for brushing or supervising their children's teeth. CONCLUSION These results showed that oral hygiene and primary teeth care could not be easily achieved in the family environment of the participants, and oral health strategies should be focused not only on children but also on their parents.
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