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Gabusi A, Asioli S, Fabbri VP, Fellegara G, Gibertoni D, Rossi R, Battaglia S, Tarsitano A, Balbi T, Marchetti C, Montebugnoli L, Foschini MP, Gissi DB. Pre-operative incisional biopsy of oral squamous cell carcinoma: high podoplanin expression is related to perineural invasion and may be a useful predictor of disease progression. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2024; 137:53-60. [PMID: 37891118 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunohistochemical analysis of podoplanin expression as a pre-operative molecular marker for perineural invasion (PNI) may represent an attractive strategy for surgical management of oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC). We evaluated the relationship between podoplanin expression and PNI in pre-operative incisional biopsies of OSCC. STUDY DESIGN After performing pathological staging and histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation of 83 surgical specimens, we performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between PNI and independent variables. To evaluate the utility of podoplanin immunopositivity for discrimination of PNI status pre-operatively, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. We performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of podoplanin immunopositivity for predicting PNI alone and in combination with age, T stage, N stage, and index site. RESULTS We observed podoplanin expression in 42 (50.6%) of all the 83 pre-operative incisional biopsies and 29 of the pre-operative biopsies of the 31 (93.5%) postoperative specimens with PNI. The rate of podoplanin expression was significantly higher in patients with pT3 to pT4 stage and pN+ stage disease. Podoplanin positivity in the pre-operative biopsy showed high sensitivity in predicting PNI in the surgical specimen. CONCLUSION Podoplanin expression appears to be an independent pre-operative variable significantly related to PNI and a possibly valuable prognostic marker for therapeutical planning and surgical treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gabusi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Asioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, M. Malpighi Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Fellegara
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Centro Diagnostico Italiano, Milan Italy
| | - Dino Gibertoni
- Research and Innovation Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Rossi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Battaglia
- Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Achille Tarsitano
- Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Balbi
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology S. Orsola Hospital, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Marchetti
- Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Montebugnoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, M. Malpighi Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide B Gissi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Ma Y, Liu Y, Meng H. Prognostic evaluation of oral squamous cell carcinoma based on pleiotrophin, urokinase plasminogen activator, and glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B expression. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35634. [PMID: 37960806 PMCID: PMC10637552 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the expression of pleiotrophin (PTN), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), and glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and their correlation with prognosis. From February 2017 to January 2020, PTN, uPA, and GPNMB expression in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of 93 patients with OSCC was determined using immunohistochemistry. The diagnostic value of the combined detection of OSCC and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed, as well as the prognostic potential of PTN, uPA, and GPNMB. Cancer tissues from patients with OSCC exhibited high expression of PTN, uPA, and GPNMB. The AUC for the combined detection of PTN, uPA, and GPNMB for diagnosis and prognosis was greater than that of each index alone. The rates of expression of PTN, uPA, and GPNMB were higher in the death group than in the survival group. Patients with PTN, uPA, and GPNMB expression had lower 3-year survival rates. PTN expression was a risk factor affecting the prognosis of patients with OSCC. The rate of PTN, uPA, and GPNMB expression in OSCC tissues was high, and their expression was related to clinicopathological features such as lymph node metastasis and tumor invasion depth. The combined detection of each index has a predictive value for the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Han Meng
- Department of Stomatology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning City, Hubei Province, China
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Wen JY, Li X, Chen JN, Chen J, Zhang JY, Du Y, Zhu WH, Chen YJ, Yang RH, Shao CK. CD45 - erythroid progenitor cells promote lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer by inducing a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal state in lymphatic endothelial cells. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:918-933. [PMID: 37676622 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Specific mechanisms of lymph node (LN) metastasis in early-stage gastric cancer (GC) have not been elucidated. The role of anemia, a vital clinical feature of GC, in LN metastasis is also unclear. Since the number of erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) is increased in chronic anemia, we investigated its association with LN metastasis in GC. METHODS Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to sort and study EPCs from the circulation and tumors of patients with stage I-III GC. The effect of these EPCs on the activation of T and B cells and on the functions of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) was determined, and their ability to promote LN metastasis was evaluated using a footpad-popliteal LN metastasis model based on two human adenocarcinoma GC cell lines in nude mice. The prognostic value of EPCs was also analyzed. RESULTS The proportion of CD45- EPCs was higher in the mononuclear cells in the circulation, tumors, and LNs of GC patients with LN metastasis (N+) than in those of GC patients without LN metastasis (N0). In N+ patients, CD45- EPCs were more abundant in metastatic LNs than in non-metastatic LNs. Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 immunoreactivity in tumors revealed that CD45- EPCs were positively associated with nodal stages and lymph vessel density. Furthermore, CD45- EPCs increased LEC proliferation and migration through their S100A8/A9 heterodimer-induced hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) state; however, they did not influence the invasion and tubulogenesis of LECs or T and B cell proliferation. CD45- EPCs promoted LN metastasis in vivo; the S100A8/A9 heterodimer mimicked this phenomenon. Finally, CD45- EPCs predicted the overall and disease-free survival of stage I-III GC patients after radical resection. CONCLUSIONS The CD45- EPCs accumulated in GC tissues and metastatic LNs and promoted LN metastasis via the S100A8/9-induced hybrid E/M state of LECs, which was the specific mechanism of LN metastasis in the early stages of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yun Wen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jian-Ning Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jing-Yue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Hang Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yong-Jian Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ri-Hong Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Kui Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
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Xu T, Chen Z, Yin Z, Chen Y, He Y, Zhu Z, Ding X, Zhang H, Li G, Zhou J, Zhang W, Song X, Wu Y. Development and validation of a nomogram to predict occult cervical metastasis in early oral squamous cell carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:39. [PMID: 36819503 PMCID: PMC9929764 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Lack of adequate objectivity and universality, available models are still difficult to be applied to clinical practice in predicting occult cervical metastasis of early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Taking abnormal metabolic state into consideration, the current model is helpful to distinguish those patients with or without occult cervical metastasis. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 330 OSCC patients initially diagnosed cT1-2N0M0 stage and received neck dissection from January 2020 to July 2022. The occult cervical metastasis was identified by pathological examination.. After screening independent risk factors using logistic regression, patients were divided into training and validation cohorts at the ratio of 2:1 randomly, and a novel diagnostic model was constructed. Performances of this model were evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC), calibrating curve, decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve (CIC). Results Of the 330 included patients {age mean [standard deviation (SD)], 61.24 (12.99) years; 202 (61.2%) males}, 49 (14.8%) had occult nodal metastasis. Five variables, including body mass index (BMI) [high odds ratio (OR): 1.132; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.019-1.258, P=0.021], primary tumor site (tongue & floor of mouth (TF) OR: 3.756; 95% CI: 1.295-10.898, P=0.015), depth of invasion (DOI) (5-10 mm OR: 2.973; 95% CI: 1.266-6.981; P=0.012), pathological differentiation (Poor differentiation OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.341-5.239; P=0.005), and diabetes (OR: 3.123; 95% CI: 1.23-7.929; P=0.017) were screened to establish the predictive model. In training cohort (n=220), this model achieved an AUC of 0.814 and had a sensitivity of 78.1% and specificity of 70.2%. Calibration plots showed favorable consistency between the prediction of the model and actual observations (Hosmer-Lemeshow value >0.05). Decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve (CIC) showed the model was clinically useful and had better discriminative ability under the threshold probability of 0.5. Above evaluations were verified in the validation cohort (n=110). Compared to previous reported models, the concordance index (C-index), net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) values were superior in both training and validation cohorts (P<0.05). Conclusions This constructed model might have reference value for clinicians in making neck management decisions of early OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China;,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China;,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China;,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China;,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonghao Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiren Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China;,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China;,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China;,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China;,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaiou Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Ding
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongchuang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xuzhou No. 1 People’s Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junbo Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China;,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China;,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China;,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunong Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China;,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China;,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Tandon A, Sandhya K, Singh NN, Kumar A. Prognostic Relevance of Lymphatic Vessel Density in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Oral Cavity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16:1185-1194. [PMID: 35904748 PMCID: PMC9729525 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), a major debilitating illness demands focus in recent times due to a constant upsurge in cases and poor prognostic implications. An urgent mandate upon finding evidence of relevant prognostic markers is the need of the hour. This systematic review and meta-analysis, therefore, elect an objective assessment of Lymphatic Vessel Density (LVD) as a pertinent parameter governing OSCC prognosis. METHODS The study protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register Of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Databases were searched using the MeSH keywords for all study types following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The exposure under consideration was the evaluation of LVD in patients of OSCC. The outcome was measured as pooled Hazard/Odd's/Risk ratios in survived versus non-survived OSCC population. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the QUIPS tool. Heterogeneity was assessed by Chi-square and I2 statistics whereas publication bias was investigated using Egger's test of significance. All the statistical analysis was conducted using STATA version 13.0. RESULTS The initial search of 226 records were screened and filtered through the inclusion and exclusion criteria to achieve an outcome of 15 studies for qualitative synthesis out of which seven studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Pooled Hazard of enhanced Lymphatic Vessel Density was not found to be statistically significant (HR = 1.98, p = 0.553); contrary to the pooled Odd's/Risk for patient survival which was statistically significant (RR = 1.33, p = 0.046). The I2 test of heterogeneity was also significant (58.8%, p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis helps to generate pathfinding evidence for a noteworthy role of Lymphatic Vessel Density evaluation in suggesting OSCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Tandon
- Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Odontology, Dental Institute, RIMS, Ranchi, India
| | | | - Narendra Nath Singh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Odontology, Dental Institute, RIMS, Ranchi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Lab Medicine, RIMS, Ranchi, India
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Haidari S, Obermeier KT, Kraus M, Otto S, Probst FA, Liokatis P. Nodal Disease and Survival in Oral Cancer: Is Occult Metastasis a Burden Factor Compared to Preoperatively Nodal Positive Neck? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174241. [PMID: 36077775 PMCID: PMC9454590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of neck involvement and occult metastasis (OM) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) favors an elective neck dissection. However, there are barely any existing data on survival for patients with OM compared with patients with positive lymph nodes detected preoperatively. This study aims to compare survival curves of patients suffering from lymph nodal metastases in a preoperatively N+ neck with those suffering from OM. In addition, clinical characteristics of the primary tumor were analyzed to predict occult nodal disease. This retrospective cohort study includes patients with an OSCC treated surgically with R0 resection with or without adjuvant chemoradiotherapy between 2010 and 2016. Minimum follow-up was 60 months. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare the survival between patients with and without occult metastases and patients with N+ neck to those with occult metastases. Logistic regression was used to detect potential risk factors for occult metastases. The patient cohort consisted of 226 patients. Occult metastases occurred in 16 of 226 patients. In 53 of 226 patients, neck lymph nodes were described as suspect on CT imaging but had a pN0 neck. Higher tumor grading increased the chance of occurrence of occult metastasis 2.7-fold (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.07–6.7). After 12, 24, 48 and 60 months, 82.3%, 73.8%, 69% and 67% of the N0 patients, respectively, were progression free. In the group with OM occurrence, for the same periods 66.6%, 50%, 33.3% and 33.3% of the patients, respectively, were free of disease. For the same periods, respectively, 81%, 63%, 47% and 43% of the patients in the N+ group but without OM remained disease free. The predictors for progression-free survival were a positive N status (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.08–1.93) and the occurrence of OM (HR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.17–4.64). The presence of occult metastasis could lead to decreased survival and could be a burdening factor requiring treatment escalation and a more aggressive follow-up than nodal disease detected in the preoperative diagnostic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selgai Haidari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Theresa Obermeier
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Moritz Kraus
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Otto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Andreas Probst
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Paris Liokatis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
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Sengupta N, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Sharma NK. Preconditioning of lymph nodes prior to metastasis: Foresightedness of tumor cells. Oral Oncol 2022; 128:105863. [PMID: 35447567 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Sengupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune 411018, MH, India.
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune 411018, MH, India
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune 411018, MH, India
| | - Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Mumbai- Bangalore Highway, Tathawade, Pune 411033, MH, India
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