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Nzelu C, Nzelu U, Ugwunze AU, Azodoh N. Determinants of comprehensive knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention among women of reproductive age 15-49 years in Nigeria. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003450. [PMID: 39078852 PMCID: PMC11288437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Comprehensive knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention has been reported as a necessary factor for ending the HIV epidemic. Women of reproductive age identified as a vulnerable group to HIV infection require this knowledge to prevent contracting HIV infection. Therefore, this study aimed to identify those factors that impact these women's comprehensive knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention. This study used secondary data from the 2018 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey. A weighted sample of women of reproductive age with complete data on the determinants and comprehensive knowledge of HIV was included in each analysis. The Chi-square test of Independence was used to determine the association between the determinants and the dependent variable. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to predict the effects of the determinants on the comprehensive knowledge of women of reproductive age. Variables with a p-value of ≤ .01 were considered statistically significant determinants of comprehensive knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention. The findings showed that women of reproductive age with no or lower level of education, living in rural areas, poor wealth index, do not listen or listen less frequently to radio, and watch television less frequently were more likely to have comprehensive knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention at Alpha = .01. The number of women with comprehensive knowledge of HIV was low compared with those with no comprehensive knowledge. This is a concern that needs to be addressed. Further studies using primary data to validate the findings of this study that individuals with no or lower level of education, living in rural areas, poorer or middle wealth index, do not listen or listen less frequently to radio and do not watch or watch less frequently television were more likely to have comprehensive knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Nzelu
- Department of Special Projects, Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Amara Uche Ugwunze
- Department of Special Projects, Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi Azodoh
- Department of Health Planning, Research and Statistics, Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
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Habte A, Bizuayehu HM, Haile Y, Mamo DN, Asgedom YS. Spatial variation and predictors of composite index of HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude and behaviours among Ethiopian women: A spatial and multilevel analyses of the 2016 Demographic Health Survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304982. [PMID: 38833494 PMCID: PMC11149886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the dissemination of health information is one of the pillars of HIV prevention efforts in Ethiopia, a large segment of women in the country still lack adequate HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude, and behaviours. Despite many studies being conducted in Ethiopia, they mostly focus on the level of women's knowledge about HIV/AIDS, failing to examine composite index of knowledge, attitude, and behaviour (KAB) domains comprehensively. In addition, the previous studies overlooked individual and community-level, and spatial predictors. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence, geographical variation (Hotspots), spatial predictors, and multilevel correlates of inadequate HIV/AIDS-Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviour (HIV/AIDS-KAB) among Ethiopian women. METHODS The study conducted using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data, included 12,672 women of reproductive age group (15-49 years). A stratified, two-stage cluster sampling technique was used; a random selection of enumeration areas (clusters) followed by selecting households per cluster. Composite index of HIV/AIDS-KAB was assessed using 11 items encompassing HIV/AIDS prevention, transmission, and misconceptions. Spatial analysis was carried out using Arc-GIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6 statistical software. Spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I) was used to determine the non-randomness of the spatial variation in inadequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression was performed, with the measure of association reported using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its corresponding 95% CI. RESULTS The prevalence of inadequate HIV/AIDS-KAB among Ethiopian women was 48.9% (95% CI: 48.1, 49.8), with significant spatial variations across regions (global Moran's I = 0.64, p<0.001). Ten most likely significant SaTScan clusters were identified with a high proportion of women with inadequate KAB. Somali and most parts of Afar regions were identified as hot spots for women with inadequate HIV/AIDS-KAB. Higher odds of inadequate HIV/AIDS-KAB was observed among women living in the poorest wealth quintile (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.18), rural residents (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.22), having no formal education (AOR = 2.66; 95% CI: 2.04, 3.48), non-autonomous (AOR = 1.71; 95% CI: (1.43, 2.28), never listen to radio (AOR = 1.56; 95% CI: (1.02, 2.39), never watched television (AOR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.92), not having a mobile phone (AOR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.27, 1.88), and not visiting health facilities (AOR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.72). CONCLUSION The level of inadequate HIV/AIDS-KAB in Ethiopia was high, with significant spatial variation across regions, and Somali, and Afar regions contributed much to this high prevalence. Thus, the government should work on integrating HIV/AIDS education and prevention efforts with existing reproductive health services, regular monitoring and evaluation, and collaboration and partnership to tackle this gap. Stakeholders in the health sector should strengthen their efforts to provide tailored health education, and information campaigns with an emphasis on women who lack formal education, live in rural areas, and poorest wealth quintile should be key measures to enhancing knowledge. enhanced effort is needed to increase women's autonomy to empower women to access HIV/AIDS information. The media agencies could prioritise the dissemination of culturally sensitive HIV/AIDS information to women of reproductive age. The identified hot spots with relatively poor knowledge of HIV/AIDS should be targeted during resource allocation and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aklilu Habte
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hosanna, Ethiopia
| | | | - Yosef Haile
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Niguse Mamo
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Yordanos Sisay Asgedom
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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Seifu BL, Eshun G, Tesema GA, Kyei-Arthur F. Comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and associated factors among reproductive age women in Liberia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:619. [PMID: 38408932 PMCID: PMC10898056 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) continues to be a deadly pandemic and a serious threat to public health. Globally, reproductive age women are more likely to be infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS is pivotal in the fight against AIDS. However, comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge is low in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) nations including Liberia, which contributes to the high incidence of HIV in these nations. This study assessed the level of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and its associated factors among reproductive age women in Liberia. METHODS The prevalence and associated factors of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS among reproductive age women in Liberia were determined using secondary data analysis of 2019-2020 Liberia Demographic and Health Surveys (LDHS). Comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS was a composite variable computed from six variables available in the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). The study included 7,621 reproductive age women in weighted samples. A generalized linear mixed model with robust error variance was used. For the variables included in the final model, adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS The prevalence of comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge among Liberian women aged 15-49 was 33.5%. Women's age and education, and distance to health facility were positively associated with comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS among Liberian reproductive age women. In contrast, community poverty level was negatively associated with comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS This study demonstrates that the prevalence of good comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge was relatively low among reproductive age women in Liberia. Hence, health practitioners and policymakers should strengthen HIV/AIDS sensitization programmes to increase women's knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beminate Lemma Seifu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia.
| | - Gilbert Eshun
- Seventh Day Adventist Hospital, Agona-Asamang, Ghana
| | - Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, and comprehensive specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Frank Kyei-Arthur
- Department of Environment and Public Health, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
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Arifin B, Rokhman MR, Zulkarnain Z, Perwitasari DA, Mangau M, Rauf S, Noor R, Padmawati RS, Massi MN, van der Schans J, Postma MJ. The knowledge mapping of HIV/AIDS in Indonesians living on six major islands using the Indonesian version of the HIV-KQ-18 instrument. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293876. [PMID: 37948410 PMCID: PMC10637659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Indonesia's total number of HIV/AIDS cases is still high. Inadequate knowledge about the risk of HIV infection will influence HIV prevention and therapy. This study aimed to map the level of HIV-related knowledge among Indonesians living on six major islands in Indonesia and investigate the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and HIV/AIDS knowledge. This cross-sectional study used the Bahasa Indonesia version of the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire-18 items (HIV-KQ-18) Instrument. Data collection was done online through the Google form application. A total of 5,364 participants were recruited. The participants from Java had the highest degree of HIV/AIDS knowledge, which was 12.5% higher than participants from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua, and Maluku. Linear regression showed that region, educational level, monthly expenditure, occupation, background in health sciences, and workshop attendance were significantly correlated with HIV knowledge. Participants typically understand that "HIV/AIDS transmission" only happens when sex partners are changed. Additionally, the government still needs improvement in HIV/AIDS education, particularly in the HIV incubation period, HIV transmission from pregnant women to the fetus, and condom use as one method of protection. There are disparities in HIV/AIDS knowledge levels among the major islands of Indonesia. Based on these findings, the government's health promotion program to increase public awareness of HIV/AIDS must be implemented vigorously. Additionally, in line with our research findings, it is essential to broaden the scope of HIV/AIDS education and promotion materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bustanul Arifin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Behavior, Environment, and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Center of Health Behavior and Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - M. Rifqi Rokhman
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Science in Healthy Ageing & healthcaRE (SHARE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Marianti Mangau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Saidah Rauf
- Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Maluku, Ambon, Indonesia
| | - Rasuane Noor
- Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro, Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Retna Siwi Padmawati
- Department of Health Behavior, Environment, and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Center of Health Behavior and Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Nasrum Massi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Jurjen van der Schans
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Economics, Econometrics, and Finance, Faculty of Economics & Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J. Postma
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Science in Healthy Ageing & healthcaRE (SHARE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Economics, Econometrics, and Finance, Faculty of Economics & Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology, and Economics (PTE2), Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Endalamaw A, Gilks CF, Ambaw F, Khatri RB, Assefa Y. Socioeconomic inequality in knowledge about HIV/AIDS over time in Ethiopia: A population-based study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002484. [PMID: 37906534 PMCID: PMC10617701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Socioeconomic inequality in comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS can hinder progress towards ending the epidemic threat of this disease. To address the knowledge gap, it is essential to investigate inequality in HIV/AIDS services. This study aimed to investigate socioeconomic inequality, identify contributors, and analyze the trends in inequality in comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS among adults in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using 2005, 2011, and 2016 population-based health survey data. The sample size was 18,818 in 2005, 29,264 in 2011, and 27,261 in 2016. Socioeconomic inequality in comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS was quantified by using a concentration curve and index. Subsequently, the decomposition of the concentration index was conducted using generalised linear regression with a logit link function to quantify covariates' contribution to wealth-based inequality. The Erreygers' concentration index was 0.251, 0.239, and 0.201 in 2005, 2011, and 2016, respectively. Watching television (24.2%), household wealth rank (21.4%), ever having been tested for HIV (15.3%), and education status (14.3%) took the significant share of socioeconomic inequality. The percentage contribution of watching television increased from 4.3% in 2005 to 24.2% in 2016. The household wealth rank contribution increased from 14.6% in 2005 to 21.38% in 2016. Education status contribution decreased from 16.2% to 14.3%. The percentage contribution of listening to the radio decreased from 16.9% in 2005 to -2.4% in 2016. The percentage contribution of residence decreased from 7.8% in 2005 to -0.5% in 2016. This study shows comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS was concentrated among individuals with a higher socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic-related inequality in comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS is woven deeply in Ethiopia, though this disparity has been decreased minimally. A combination of individual and public health approaches entangled in a societal system are crucial remedies for the general population and disadvantaged groups. This requires comprehensive interventions according to the primary health care approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aklilu Endalamaw
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Charles F. Gilks
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fentie Ambaw
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Resham B. Khatri
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Health Social Science and Development Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Yibeltal Assefa
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Sameen S, Lakhdir MPA, Azam SI, Asad N. Evaluating knowledge about HIV and discriminatory attitudes among Pakistani women of reproductive age using 2017-18 Demographic Health Survey data. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17849. [PMID: 37857793 PMCID: PMC10587286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A prominent issue associated with HIV is the stigma around it owing to a lack of awareness. This study aimed to find the association between HIV and AIDS-related knowledge and discriminatory attitudes amongst Pakistani women of reproductive age using the 2017-18 Pakistani Demographic Health Survey (PDHS) data. We analyzed a sample of 3381 Pakistani women of reproductive age using ordinal logistic regression for complex survey data. Two composite variables were created using the HIV module to denote the respondents' HIV-related knowledge and their attitude toward people living with HIV (PLHIV) and calculated using a scoring method. Additional variables included the respondents' age, education level, socioeconomic status, residential setting, and HIV testing history. More than half (58.8%) of the respondents presented with a negative attitude toward PLHIV and 64.3% of the respondents had poor knowledge regarding the illness. In the multivariable analysis, knowledge about HIV and level of education reported significant associations with discriminatory attitudes. We concluded that the odds of individuals living in a rural setting and hailing from a low socioeconomic background presenting with a negative attitude towards PLHIV were 2.52 times (95% CI 1.07-5.89) higher as compared to those living in an urban setting from a high socioeconomic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sameen
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O Box 3500, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Maryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O Box 3500, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Iqbal Azam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O Box 3500, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Asad
- Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Ramos NNV, Fronteira I, Martins MDRO. Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV and AIDS and Related Factors in Angolans Aged between 15 and 49 Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6816. [PMID: 37835086 PMCID: PMC10572943 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive knowledge of HIV and AIDS among men and women in Africa is reportedly low. To the best of our knowledge, no studies using any definition of comprehensive knowledge of HIV and AIDS have been conducted in Angola. To address this gap, we aimed to describe the comprehensive knowledge held by individuals aged between 15 and 49 years regarding HIV and AIDS and some associated factors, using the most recent Angolan demographic and health survey (DHS). Using an observational, cross-sectional design, we analyzed data collected from 19,785 individuals aged between 15 and 49 years for the 2016 DHS in Angola. We conducted a logistic regression analysis of descriptive and complex samples to examine the data and to unravel possible factors associated with having a comprehensive knowledge of HIV and AIDS. Almost half of the respondents (47.7%) had a general comprehensive knowledge of HIV and AIDS. Individuals who watched television (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.40; 95% CI: 2.11, 2.72) or read newspapers and magazines (aOR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.72, 2.30) more than once a week had higher odds of having a comprehensive knowledge of HIV and AIDS compared to those who did not. Similarly, having completed primary education and above (aOR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.67, 2.00) or living in urban areas (aOR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.34, 1.71) increased the likelihood of individuals having a comprehensive knowledge of HIV and AIDS compared to their counterparts. These results reflect inequalities that require further attention at either a research or a political level. Nevertheless, we consider that these results can assist decision-makers in advocating for continuous investment in HIV health literacy and in adapting global solutions to local Angolan contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neida Neto Vicente Ramos
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1249-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Fronteira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1249-008 Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1249-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria do Rosário O. Martins
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1249-008 Lisbon, Portugal
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Zegeye B, Adjei NK, Ahinkorah BO, Tesema GA, Ameyaw EK, Budu E, Seidu AA, Yaya S. HIV testing among women of reproductive age in 28 sub-Saharan African countries: a multilevel modelling. Int Health 2023; 15:573-584. [PMID: 37099414 PMCID: PMC10472880 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remains one of the most significant public health challenges globally, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Although HIV testing is a vital step for both prevention and treatment, its uptake is still low in SSA. We therefore examined HIV testing in SSA and its individual/household and community factors among women of reproductive age groups (15-49 y). METHODS Demographic and Health Survey data collected between 2010 and 2020 from 28 SSA countries were used for this analysis. We analysed the coverage of HIV testing and individual/household and community factors on 384 416 women in the reproductive age groups (15-49 y). Bivariate and multivariable multilevel binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to select candidate variables and to identify significant explanatory variables associated with HIV testing and the results were presented using adjusted odd ratios (AORs) at 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The pooled prevalence of HIV testing among women of reproductive age in SSA was 56.1% (95% CI 53.7 to 58.4), with the highest coverage found in Zambia (86.9%) and the lowest in Chad (6.1%). Age (45-49 y; AOR 0.30 [95% CI 0.15 to 0.62]), women's education level (secondary; AOR 1.97 [95% CI 1.36 to 2.84]) and economic status (richest; AOR 2.78 [95% CI 1.40 to 5.51]) were some of the individual/household factors associated with HIV testing. Similarly, religion (no religion; AOR 0.58 [95% CI 0.34 to 0.97]), marital status (married; AOR 0.69 [95% CI 0.50 to 0.95]) and comprehensive knowledge of HIV (yes; AOR 2.01 [95% CI 1.53 to 2.64]) were significantly associated individual/household factors for HIV testing. Meanwhile, place of residence (rural; AOR 0.65 [95% CI 0.45 to 0.94]) was found to be a significant community-level factor. CONCLUSION More than half of married women in SSA have been tested for HIV, with between-country variations. Both individual/household factors were associated with HIV testing. Stakeholders should therefore consider all above-mentioned factors to plan an integrated approach to enhancing HIV testing through health education, sensitization, counselling and empowering older and married women, those with no formal education, those who do not have comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge and those in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betregiorgis Zegeye
- HaSET Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Shewarobit Field Office, Shewarobit, Ethiopia
| | - Nicholas Kofi Adjei
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
- Institute of Policy Studies and School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong
| | - Eugene Budu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Estate Management, Takoradi Technical University, P.O. Box 256, Takoradi,Ghana
- Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, P.O. Box 256, Takoradi,Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, 120 University Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Mokgatle M, Madiba S. Community Perceptions of HIV Stigma, Discriminatory Attitudes, and Disclosure Concerns: A Health Facility-Based Study in Selected Health Districts of South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6389. [PMID: 37510621 PMCID: PMC10379360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Research data about HIV stigma perceptions and discriminatory attitudes among the general population are limited. Furthermore, the willingness of HIV-negative individuals to engage with HIV prevention and disclosure interventions has not been established in South Africa. The study investigated community perceptions of stigma as well as discriminatory attitudes towards HIV disclosure to understand if and how these perceptions might influence the uptake of disclosure interventions. This facility-based study used a validated questionnaire to measure the four constructs of HIV stigma among 670 adults recruited from health districts of two provinces of South Africa. Of these, 72% were female, 87% had ever been tested for HIV, and 31% knew someone who has HIV. Stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV) is widespread in the general population. A high proportion (75%) endorsed disclosure concerns, 75% perceived stigma to be common, and 56% endorsed negative statements indicating perceived stigma in communities. Fear, moral and social judgement, and rejection underlined their perceptions about PLHIV. Almost half (45.7%) were unwilling to care for family members sick with AIDS, suggesting negative distancing reactions and discriminatory attitudes towards PLHIV. The widespread discriminatory attitudes and the perceived stigma that is evident in the general population might heighten the disclosure concerns endorsed, promote non-disclosure, and increase HIV transmission. To design interventions, it is crucial to be cognisant of disclosure concerns, discriminatory attitudes, and perceived stigma evident in communities. Thus, the findings underscore the need to increase efforts to challenge and reduce community drivers of negative discriminatory attitudes and perceived stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathildah Mokgatle
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
- School of Transdisciplinary Research and Graduate Studies, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Sphiwe Madiba
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Executive Deans Office, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa
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Kawuki J, Gatasi G, Sserwanja Q, Mukunya D, Musaba MW. Comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and associated factors among adolescent girls in Rwanda: a nationwide cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:382. [PMID: 37286932 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS is highlighted as one of the major factors linked to the high prevalence of HIV among adolescents and young girls. Thus, it is crucial to identify factors that facilitate or hinder adolescent girls from having comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS. We, therefore, assessed the prevalence of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and associated factors among adolescent girls in Rwanda. METHODS We used secondary data from the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) 2020 comprising 3258 adolescent girls (aged 15 to 19 years). Comprehensive knowledge was considered if an adolescent girl answered correctly all the six indicators; always using condoms during sex can reduce the risk of getting HIV, having one sexual partner only who has no other partners can reduce the risk of getting HIV, a healthy-looking person can have HIV, can get HIV from mosquito bites, can get HIV by sharing food with persons who have AIDS, and can get HIV by witchcraft or supernatural means. We, then, conducted multivariable logistic regression to explore the associated factors, using SPSS (version 25). RESULTS Of the 3258 adolescent girls, 1746 (53.6%, 95%CI: 52.2-55.6) had comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Adolescent girls with secondary education (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.13-3.20), health insurance (AOR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.12-1.73), a mobile phone (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.52), exposure to television (AOR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05-1.44), and a history of an HIV test (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.07-1.49) had higher odds of comprehensive HIV knowledge, compared to their respective counterparts. However, girls residing in Kigali (AOR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.49-0.87) and Northern (AOR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59-0.95) regions, and those of Anglican religion (AOR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68-0.99) had less odds of comprehensive knowledge compared to those in Southern region and of the Catholic religion. CONCLUSIONS To increase the comprehensive understanding of the disease at a young age, the need for expanded access to HIV preventive education through formal educational curriculum, and mass and social media via mobile phones is highlighted. In addition, the continued involvement of key decision-makers and community actors, such as religious leaders, is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kawuki
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR- China, Central Ave, Hong Kong.
| | - Ghislaine Gatasi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | - David Mukunya
- Department of Public Health, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Milton W Musaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
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Fasil N, Worku A, Oljira L, Tadesse AW, Berhane Y. Association between sexual and reproductive health education in peer group and comprehensive knowledge of HIV among adolescent girls in rural eastern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063292. [PMID: 36192096 PMCID: PMC9535168 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the association between sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education in peer-group discussion and comprehensive knowledge of HIV among young adolescent girls in rural eastern Ethiopia. DESIGN The study analysed data from a large quasi-experimental study involving 3290 young adolescent girls aged 13-17 years. The intervention targeted adolescent girls aged 10-14 years. Data were collected using a comprehensive HIV knowledge tool adopted from the demographic and health survey questionnaire. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was employed to examine associations using STATA/SE V.14 statistical software. SETTING West Hararghe, rural Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS 3290 adolescent girls. RESULTS Magnitude of comprehensive knowledge of HIV among those who received SRH education and those who did not receive SRH education was 16.78% (95% CI 14.41% to 19.45%) and 14.01% (95% CI 12.38% to 15.81%), respectively. Overall, 14.84% (95% CI 13.4.% to 16.39%) of the adolescent girls aged 13-17 years had comprehensive knowledge of HIV. The odds of having comprehensive HIV knowledge were higher (1.36 times) among adolescent girls who received SRH education compared with those who did not receive SRH education (adjusted OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.84) after controlling for selected potential confounders. Odds of having comprehensive HIV knowledge were also higher (1.73 times) among older adolescent girls (adjusted OR 1.733 95% CI 1.098 to 2.735) and (3.89 times) among those who attended secondary school (adjusted OR=3.889 95% CI 1.836 to 8.235) compared with young adolescent girls and the uneducated, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive knowledge of HIV among young adolescent girls was very low. Providing SRH education for young adolescent girls improved their comprehensive knowledge of HIV in rural eastern Ethiopia. Initiating sexual education at an early age would benefit HIV prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebiyou Fasil
- Department of Global Health and Health Policy, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Worku
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lemessa Oljira
- School of Public Health, Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Worku Tadesse
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
- Department of Nutrition and Behavioural Sciences, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yemane Berhane
- Department of Reproductive Health and Population and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors Associated with Knowledge and Attitude of HIV/AIDS among Women Aged 15–49 Years Old in Indonesia. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081545. [PMID: 36011201 PMCID: PMC9408652 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Women’s susceptibility to HIV/AIDS infection is related to socio-economic and demographic factors. This study sought to analyze socio-economic and demographic factors related to knowledge and attitude of HIV/AIDS among women aged 15–49 years old in Indonesia. We conducted a secondary data analysis using the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). Among 49,627 women, our study analyzed 25,895 women aged 15–49 years familiar with HIV terminology. Multiple logistic regression was utilized to analyze associations between socio-economic and demographic factors with knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS. Women’s age, education level, wealth quintile, residential area and region, access to information, owning cell phones and autonomy were significantly associated with positive knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS. These findings revealed that several demographical and social factors contribute to knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS among women aged 15–49 years in Indonesia.
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Wilandika A, Fatmawati A, Farida G, Yusof S. The Kasaba Quartet: The Impact of Card Games on Knowledge and Self-Efficacy HIV/AIDS Prevention. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The rate of HIV/AIDS infection is increasing every year. The highest rates of HIV infection are among adolescents aged 15–24 years. Therefore, appropriate action is needed to prevent HIV transmission through risky behavior in adolescents.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Kasaba Quartet card game on HIV/AIDS knowledge and self-efficacy in preventing HIV/AIDS-related risk behavior in adolescents.
METHODS: The study used a quasi-experiment with an equivalent time-series design. The intervention in this study was a card game using the Kasaba Quartet. The card game was held 3 times with a 1-day break. Adolescents’ HIV/AIDS knowledge and self-efficacy were measured at the end of each card game. Sampling used purposive sampling with criteria including adolescents aged 12–16 years and domiciled in Bandung. A total of 30 people were involved in this study.
RESULTS: After playing the Kasaba Quartet card game, the results showed that adolescents’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS in the excellent category increased significantly, with average scores from 66.04 ± 16.219 to 97.40 ± 2.776. Likewise, adolescents’ self-efficacy with the high sort was raised, from 77.83 ± 8.67 to 97.60 ± 3.45. The results of statistical tests using the Friedman test showed the significance level of 0.001 (Sig. <0.05). In other words, there was an effect of the Kasaba quartet card game on HIV knowledge and self-efficacy in preventing HIV risk behavior.
CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the Kasaba Quartet card game effectively increases knowledge of HIV/AIDS and self-efficacy in preventing risky behavior in adolescents. The study results can be used as an alternative strategy to increase knowledge and confidence in adolescents to avoid the spread of HIV/AIDS cases.
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Treejan K, Jinatongthai P, Moolasarn S, Low BY, Anderson C, Supapaan T. Self-health care behaviors and knowledge of youth living with HIV. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2022; 62:1249-1259.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mandiwa C, Namondwe B, Munthali M. Prevalence and correlates of comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge among adolescent girls and young women aged 15-24 years in Malawi: evidence from the 2015-16 Malawi demographic and health survey. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1508. [PMID: 34348679 PMCID: PMC8335881 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HIV epidemic remains a major public health issue in Malawi especially among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge (defined as correct knowledge of two major ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV and rejection of three misconceptions about HIV) is a key component of preventing new HIV infections among AGYW. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the correlates of comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge among AGYW in Malawi. Methods The study was based on cross-sectional data from the 2015–2016 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey. It involved 10,422 AGYW aged 15–24 years. The outcome variable was comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model. All the analyses were performed using complex sample analysis procedure of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences to account for complex survey design. Results Approximately 42.2% of the study participants had comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge. Around 28% of the participants did not know that using condoms consistently can reduce the risk of HIV and 25% of the participants believed that mosquitoes could transmit HIV. Multivariable logistic regression model demonstrated that having higher education (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 2.35–3.75), belonging to richest households (AOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05–1.45), being from central region (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI:1.43–1.89), southern region (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.43–1.90),listening to radio at least once a week (AOR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.15–1.40) and ever tested for HIV (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.68–2.09) were significantly correlated with comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge. Conclusions The findings indicate that comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge among AGYW in Malawi is low. Various social-demographic characteristics were significantly correlated with comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge in this study. These findings suggest that public health programmes designed to improve comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge in Malawi should focus on uneducated young women, those residing in northern region and from poor households. There is also a need to target AGYW who have never tested for HIV with voluntary counselling and testing services. This measure might both improve their comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge and awareness of their health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrispin Mandiwa
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF), P.O. Box 2543, Lilongwe, Malawi.
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Youth health risk behavior: effects of early sexual debut on HIV incidence among Rwandan youth. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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