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Chiang KH, Cheng TJ, Kan WC, Wang HY, Li JC, Cai YL, Cheng CH, Liu YC, Chang CY, Chuu JJ. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. Extracts attenuate Alzheimer-like pathology through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and β-amyloid inhibitory activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117132. [PMID: 37704121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. (OA) is a traditional folk-herb, which is usually used to treat acute and chronic nephritis, epilepsy, cystitis, and other diseases. Phenols and flavonoids are the main active compound compounds of OA, with proven anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. AIMS OF THIS STUDY Based on evidenced therapeutic activities, we aimed to investigate the impact of OA on Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease, and the pathological features include accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). MATERIALS AND METHODS OA was extracted with water, methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, and determined its total flavonoid and phenolic contents. Initially, Aβ1-42 based cytotoxicity was induced in BV2 cells and C6 cells to investigate the therapeutic impact of OA therapy by MTT, RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Further, Aβ1-42 Oligomer (400 pmol)-induced AD mice model was established to evaluate the impact of OA extract on improving learning and memory impairment. RESULTS The results showed that the extract of OA could increase cell survival, inhibit the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS, and increase BDNF levels. We infer that the OA extract may attenuate Aβ-induced cytotoxicity by retarding the production of inflammatory-related factors. In the animal behavior test, the number of mice entering darkroom and the time of arriving at the platform were significantly reduced, indicating the learning and memory-improving ability of OA extract. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that the OA ethanolic extract demonstrated an improving effect on memory and hence could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Hsing Chiang
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tain-Junn Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong-Kang District, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong-Kang District, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Kan
- Division of Nephrology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong-Kang District, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong-Kang District, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Department of Sport Management, College of Leisure and Recreation Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chen Li
- Pharmacy Department, Wei-Gong Memorial Hospital, Miaoli 35159, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ling Cai
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong-Kang District, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan.
| | - Jiunn-Jye Chuu
- Pharmacy Department, Wei-Gong Memorial Hospital, Miaoli 35159, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan.
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Yee LS, Abu Bakar MF, Abdullah N, Abu Bakar FI, Fatmawati S. Optimization of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and anti-gout properties of polyherbal formulation. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:772-778. [PMID: 37561949 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An increase in gout prevalence has drawn attention among society and this situation drives the exploration of more favourable treatment using traditional medicinal plants which are rich in phenolic and flavonoid to avoid the side effects of modern medication. However, there are only few studies regarding the optimization of phytochemicals and anti-gout properties of medicinal plants and their combinations. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal formulation of Strobilanthes crispus, Orthosiphon stamineus Benth and Stevia rebaudiana with maximum total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as minimum IC50 of in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and to examine their correlations among the formulations. METHODS Plant extracts from hot water infusion were tested for the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and enzyme inhibition through Folin-ciocalteu assay, aluminium chloride method and xanthine oxidase inhibition assay, respectively. Simplex-centroid mixture design was applied in this study and 13 polyherbal formulations were generated by Design Expert Software. RESULTS Linear, special cubic and quadratic models were selected to describe the interaction effect between polyherbal formulations and their responses. Low IC50 value (13.90 μg/mL) of xanthine oxidase activity was found in the binary combination of O. stamineus and S. rebaudiana and this probably related to its high phenolic and flavonoid contents as xanthine oxidase inhibition and phytochemicals were correlated. CONCLUSIONS The suggested optimal formulation was comprised of 44.26 % O. stamineus and 55.74 % S. rebaudiana and it could be developed as an alternative treatment for gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lim Sin Yee
- Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, UTHM Pagoh Campus, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar
- Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, UTHM Pagoh Campus, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norazlin Abdullah
- Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, UTHM Pagoh Campus, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Fazleen Izzany Abu Bakar
- Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, UTHM Pagoh Campus, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sri Fatmawati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institute Technology Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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Wu S, Yan M, Liu J, Li Y, Tian R, Li C, Huang L, Lu Z, Xu P, Mao W. Clerodendranthus spicatus inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular cells through the NF-κB/Snail signalling pathway in hyperuricaemia nephropathy. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1274-1285. [PMID: 37599625 PMCID: PMC10443970 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2243086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Clerodendranthus spicatus Thunb. (Labiatae) (CS), a perennial traditional Chinese medicinal herb that can reduce serum uric acid (sUA) levels and ameliorate renal function is widely used to treat hyperuricaemic nephropathy (HN). OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular mechanism of action of CS in HN treatment using in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, HN, CS and positive control allopurinol groups. The HN group was intraperitoneally injected with 750 mg/kg oxonic acid potassium (OA), whereas the CS group was injected with OA along with a gavage of CS (low dose 3.125 g/kg, high dose 6.25 g/kg) for five weeks. For in vitro studies, uric acid-treated HK2 cells were used to verify the therapeutic mechanism of CS in HN. RESULTS HN rats exhibit pathological phenotypes of elevated sUA levels and renal injury. CS significantly improved these symptoms and sUA (p < 0.05) and blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.01) levels, and dramatically improved renal tubular injury in HN rats. The IC50 value of UA (uric acid) in HK2 cells was 826.32 ± 3.55 μg/mL; however, 120 ng/mL CS had no significant cytotoxicity on HK2 cells. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that CS inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation and inhibited α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin expression while increasing E-cadherin expression, suggesting that CS inhibited the fibrotic process in renal cells, thus protecting renal function. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a fundamental understanding of the application of CS in HN treatment to better guide clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruimin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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Zhou Q, Sun HJ, Zhang XW. Total Saponin Fraction of Dioscorea Nipponica Makino Improves Gouty Arthritis Symptoms in Rats via M1/M2 Polarization of Monocytes and Macrophages Mediated by Arachidonic Acid Signaling. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:1007-1017. [PMID: 36607587 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of effects of total saponin fraction from Dioscorea Nipponica Makino (TSDN) on M1/M2 polarization of monocytes/macrophages and arachidonic acid (AA) pathway in rats with gouty arthritis (GA). METHODS Seventy-two Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=18 in each): normal, model, TSDN at 160 mg/kg, and celecoxib at 43.3 mg/kg. Monosodium urate crystal (MSU) was injected into the rats' ankle joints to induce an experimental GA model. Blood and tissue samples were collected on the 3rd, 5th, and 8th days of drug administration. Histopathological changes in the synovium of joints were observed via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The expression levels of arachidonic acid (AA) signaling pathway were assessed via real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot. Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of M1 and M2 macrophages in the peripheral blood. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect interleukine (IL)-1 β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-4, IL-10, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). RESULTS HE staining showed that TSDN improved the synovial tissue. qPCR and Western blot showed that on the 3rd, 5th and 8th days of drug administration, TSDN reduced the mRNA and protein expressions of cyclooxygenase (COX)2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 derived eicosanoids (mPGES-1), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), recombinant human mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NALP3), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in rats' ankle synovial tissues (P<0.01). TSDN decreased COX1 mRNA and protein expression on 3rd and 5th day of drug administration and raised it on the 8th day (both P<0.01). It lowered CD68 protein expression on days 3 (P<0.01), as well as mRNA and protein expression on days 5 and 8 (P<0.01). On the 3rd, 5th, and 8th days of drug administration, TSDN elevated the mRNA and protein expression of Arg1 and CD163 (P<0.01). Flow cytometry results showed that TSDN decreased the percentage of M1 macrophages while increasing the percentage of M2 in peripheral blood (P<0.05 or P<0.01). ELISA results showed that on the 3rd, 5th, and 8th days of drug administration, TSDN decreased serum levels of IL-1 β, TNF-α, and LTB4 (P<0.01), as well as PGE2 levels on days 3rd and 8th days (P<0.05 or P<0.01); on day 8 of administration, TSDN increased IL-4 serum levels and enhanced IL-10 contents on days 5 and 8 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory effect of TSDN on rats with GA may be achieved by influencing M1/M2 polarization through AA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hui-Juan Sun
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xi-Wu Zhang
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Hishamuddin MS, Lee SY, Syazwan SA, Ramlee SI, Lamasudin DU, Mohamed R. Highly divergent regions in the complete plastome sequences of Aquilaria are suitable for DNA barcoding applications including identifying species origin of agarwood products. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:78. [PMID: 36761338 PMCID: PMC9902582 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of Aquilaria Lam. (Thymelaeaceae) are evergreen trees that are widely distributed in the Indomalesia region. Aquilaria is highly prized for its unique scented resin, agarwood, which is often the subject of unlawful trade activities. Survival of the tree is heavily threatened by destructive harvesting and agarwood poaching, leading to its protection under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Unfortunately, an efficient species identification method, which is crucial to aid in the conservation efforts of Aquilaria is lacking. Here, we described our search for a suitable specific DNA barcode for Aquilaria species using eight complete plastome sequences. We identified five highly variable regions (HVR) (matK-rps16, ndhF-rpl32, psbJ-petA, trnD, and trnT-trnL) in the plastomes. These regions were further analyzed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method to assess their ability at discriminating the eight species. Coupled with in silico primer design, two potential barcoding regions, psbJ-petA and trnT-trnL, were identified. Their strengths in species delimitation were evaluated individually and in combination, via DNA barcoding analysis. Our findings showed that the combined dataset, psbJ-petA + trnT-trnL, effectively resolved members of the genus Aquilaria by clustering all species into their respective clades. In addition, we demonstrated that the newly proposed DNA barcode was capable at identifying the species of origin of six commercial agarwood samples that were included as unknown samples. Such achievement offers a new technical advancement, useful in the combat against illicit agarwood trades and in assisting the conservation of these valuable species in natural populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03479-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Syahmi Hishamuddin
- Forest Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Shiou Yih Lee
- Forest Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Samsuddin Ahmad Syazwan
- Forest Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Mycology and Pathology Branch, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Jalan FRIM, 52109 Kuala Lumpur, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Shairul Izan Ramlee
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Dhilia Udie Lamasudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Rozi Mohamed
- Forest Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Yehya AH, Asif M, Abdul Majid AM, Oon CE. Polymolecular botanical drug of Orthosiphon stamineus extract (C5OSEW5050ESA) as a complementary therapy to overcome gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 13:39-50. [PMID: 36685076 PMCID: PMC9845648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Gemcitabine remains the cornerstone of pancreatic cancer treatment, despite exhibiting a modest effect on patient survival due to the development of drug resistance. Nuvastatic™ polymolecular botanical drug Orthosiphon stamineus (O. stamineus) is a folklore Asian herbal medicine that is used for the treatment of a variety of ailments. However, little is known about the mechanism of actions of the Nuvastatic™ polymolecular botanical drug of O. stamineus as a complementary therapy in resistant pancreatic cancer. It is postulated that the proprietary O. stamineus extract formulation (ID: C5EOSEW5050ESA) in Nuvastatic™ may sensitise resistant pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. This study was conducted to assess the cytotoxic activity and synergistic effects of C5EOSEW5050ESA in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Experimental procedure The effects of C5EOSEW5050ESA treatment on cell viability, multidrug-resistant genes, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cellular senescence, cell death, and Notch signalling pathway were evaluated in gemcitabine-resistant Panc-1 cells. Results and conclusion C5EOSEW5050ESA sensitised gemcitabine resistant cells towards C5EOSEW5050ESA-gemcitabine combination treatment by reducing the expression of multidrug-resistant genes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in gemcitabine-resistant cells compared to the control group, possibly through the inhibition of Notch signalling. This study provides valuable insight into using C5EOSEW5050ESA as a potential complementary treatment for resistant pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq H.S. Yehya
- Vatche and Tamar Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA,Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Unversiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Amin M.S. Abdul Majid
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, 0200, Australia
| | - Chern E. Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Unversiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia,Corresponding author.
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Yehya AHS, Subramaniam AV, Asif M, Kaur G, Abdul Majid AMS, Oon CE. Anti-tumour activity and toxicological studies of combination treatment of Orthosiphon stamineus and gemcitabine on pancreatic xenograft model. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4620-4634. [PMID: 36157930 PMCID: PMC9476872 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i32.4620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is the most aggressive cancer type. Gemcitabine is the first line chemo-drug used for pancreatic cancer but exerts a broad spectrum of organ toxicities and adverse effects in patients. AIM To evaluate the anti-tumour activity and toxicological effects of Orthosiphon stamineus extract formulation (ID: C5EOSEW5050ESA trademarked as Nuva-staticTM), and gemcitabine combination on pancreatic xenograft model. METHODS Mice were randomly divided into six groups of 6 mice each (n = 6) and given different treatments for 28 d. The study design consisted of a 2 x 3 factorial treatment structure, with gemcitabine (yes/no) by oral (at 1200 and 400 mg/kg per day). Human pancreatic cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of athymic nude mice. C5EOSEW5050ESA (200 or 400 mg/kg per day) was administered orally, while gemcitabine (10 mg/kg per 3 d) was given intraperitoneally either alone or in combination treatment. Histopathological analyses of vital organs, tumour tissues, and incidence of lethality were analysed. Analyses of tumour necrosis and proliferation were determined by haematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, respectively. RESULTS No signs of toxicity or damage to vital organs were observed in all treatment groups compared to the untreated group. C5EOSEW5050ESA at 200 mg/kg and gemcitabine combination had no additive antitumor effects compared to a single treatment. Remarkably, a comparably greater response in a reduction in tumour growth, Ki-67 protein expression, and necrosis was demonstrated by 400 mg/kg of C5EOSEW5050ESA and gemcitabine combination than that of the individual agents. CONCLUSION These results highlighted the synergistic activity of C5EOSEW5050ESA with gemcitabine to reduce pancreatic tumour growth in mice compared to a single treatment. Thus, this study provides valuable insights into using C5EOSEW5050ESA as a complementary treatment with gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq Hamid Salem Yehya
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Cancer Research, Eman Biodiscoveries, Kedah 08000, Malaysia
| | - Ayappa V Subramaniam
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Amin M S Abdul Majid
- Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australia 2601, Australia
| | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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Shi X, Li P, Wu X, Wang Z, Zhao G, Shu J. RNA-Seq Comprehensive Analysis Reveals the Long Noncoding RNA Expression Profile and Coexpressed mRNA in Adult Degenerative Scoliosis. Front Genet 2022; 13:902943. [PMID: 36035195 PMCID: PMC9403536 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.902943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Owing to the intensification of the aging process worldwide, the prevalence of adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) is increasing at an alarming rate. However, genomic research related to the etiology of ADS is rarely reported worldwide. Since long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in the progression of human diseases, this study aimed to investigate ADS-associated messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and lncRNAs by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), as well as performed comprehensive bioinformatics analysis based on the lncRNA–mRNA coexpression network and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Methods: Initially, six whole blood (WB) samples were obtained from three ADS and three nondegenerative lumbar trauma patients who underwent surgical operation for RNA-seq exploration to construct differential mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles. Subsequently, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to validate three randomly selected differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs derived from the nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue of 14 other subjects (seven ADS patients and seven nondegenerative lumbar trauma patients), respectively. Results: A total of 1,651 upregulated and 1,524 downregulated mRNAs and 147 upregulated and 83 downregulated lncRNAs were screened out from the RNA-Seq data, which constructed coexpression networks to investigate their regulatory interactions further. GO gene function prediction revealed that lncRNA-targeted genes might play a vital role in ADS via participation in multiple biological processes such as the AMPK signaling pathway, lysosomes, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, as well as cellular metabolic processes. Moreover, the expression levels of three selected lncRNAs and mRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR, respectively, demonstrating that the relative expression levels were consistent with the RNA-seq data. Notably, the dysregulated RNAs, AKT1, UBA52, PTPN12, and CLEC16A, were significantly differentially expressed in ADS WB samples and might serve as potentially regulated genes for research in the future. Conclusions: This study provides the first insight into the altered transcriptome profile of long-stranded noncoding RNAs associated with ADS, which paves the way for further exploration of the clinical biomarkers and molecular regulatory mechanisms for this poorly understood degenerative disease. However, the detailed biological mechanisms underlying these candidate lncRNAs in ADS necessitate further elucidation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Panpan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Panpan Li, , Jun Shu,
| | - Xiang Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Shu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Panpan Li, , Jun Shu,
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Yehya AHS, Asif M, Abdul Majid AMS, Oon CE. Complementary effects of Orthosiphon stamineus standardized ethanolic extract and rosmarinic acid in combination with gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer. Biomed J 2021; 44:694-708. [PMID: 35166208 PMCID: PMC8847836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most notorious cancers and is known for its highly invasive characteristics, drug resistance, and metastatic progression. Unfortunately, many patients with advanced pancreatic cancer become insensitive towards gemcitabine treatment. Orthosiphon stamineus (O.s) is used widely as a traditional medicine for the treatment of multiple ailments, including cancer in South East Asia. The present in vitro study was designed to investigate the complementary effects of an ethanolic extract of O.s (Et. O.s) or rosmarinic acid in combination with gemcitabine on Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells. METHOD Cell viability and colony formation assays were used to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Et. O.s, rosmarinic acid, and gemcitabine. Different doses of gemcitabine in combination with Et. O.s or rosmarinic acid were tested against Panc-1 to select the best concentrations which possessed synergistic effects. Elucidation of molecular mechanisms responsible for mediating chemo-sensitivity in Panc-1 was performed using Quantitative Real-time PCR (QPCR), flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Et. O.s was found to significantly sensitise Panc-1 towards gemcitabine by reducing the gene expression of multidrug-resistant protein family (MDR) (MDR-1, MRP-4, and MRP-5) and molecules related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (ZEB-1 and Snail-1). An induction of the human equilibrate nucleoside transporter-1 (hENT-1) gene was also found in cells treated with Et. O.s-gemcitabine. The Et. O.s-gemcitabine combination induced cellular senescence, cell death and cell cycle arrest in Panc-1. In addition, the inhibition of Notch signalling was demonstrated through the downregulation of Notch 1 intracellular domain in this treatment group. In contrast, rosmarinic acid-gemcitabine combination showed no additional effects on cellular senescence, apoptosis, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, the MRP-4 and MRP-5 multi-drug resistance protein family, hENT-1, and the Notch pathway through Notch 1 intracellular domain. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable insights on the use of Et. O.s to complement gemcitabine in targeting pancreatic cancer in vitro, suggesting its potential use as a novel complementary treatment in pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq H S Yehya
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Amin M S Abdul Majid
- EMAN Testing and Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Australia.
| | - Chern E Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
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Li Z, Qu B, Zhou L, Chen H, Wang J, Zhang W, Chen C. A New Strategy to Investigate the Efficacy Markers Underlying the Medicinal Potentials of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:748684. [PMID: 34630118 PMCID: PMC8497827 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.748684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (OSB) is a well-known herbal medicine exerting various pharmacological effects and medicinal potentials. Owing to its complex of phytochemical constituents, as well as the ambiguous relationship between phytochemical constituents and varied bioactivities, it is a great challenge to explore which constituents make a core contribution to the efficacy of OSB, making it difficult to determine the efficacy makers underlying the varied efficacies of OSB. In our work, a new strategy was exploited and applied for investigating efficacy markers of OSB consisting of phytochemical analysis, in vivo absorption analysis, bioactive compound screening, and bioactive compound quantification. Using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, a total of 34 phytochemical components were detected in the OSB extract. Subsequently, based on in vivo absorption analysis, 14 phytochemical constituents in the form of prototypes were retained as potential bioactive compounds. Ten diseases were selected as the potential indications of OSB based on previous reports, and then the overall interaction between compounds, action targets, action pathways, and diseases was revealed based on bioinformatic analysis. After refining key pathways and targets, the interaction reversing from pathways, targets to constituents was deduced, and the core constituents, including tanshinone IIA, sinensetin, salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid, and salvigenin, were screened out as the efficacy markers of OSB. Finally, the contents of these five constituents were quantified in three different batches of OSB extracts. Among them, the content of salvianolic acid B was the highest while the content of tanshinone IIA was the lowest. Our work could provide a promising direction for future research on the quality control and pharmacological mechanism of OSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Caifa Chen
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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Blin JA, Hamid RA, Khaza'ai H. Bioactive fractions and compound of Ardisia crispa roots exhibit anti-arthritic properties mediated via angiogenesis inhibition in vitro. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:176. [PMID: 34172047 PMCID: PMC8235828 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A.DC (Primulaceae), is a medicinal herb traditionally used by Asian people as remedies to cure inflammatory related diseases, including rheumatism. The plant roots possess various pharmacological activities including antipyretic, anti-inflammation and antitumor. Previous phytochemical studies of the plant roots have identified long chain alkyl-1,4-benzoquinones as major constituents, together with other phytochemicals. Hexane fraction of the plant roots (ACRH), was previously reported with anti-angiogenic and anti-arthritic properties, while its effect on their anti-arthritic in vitro, is yet unrevealed. Considering the significance of angiogenesis inhibition in developing new anti-arthritic agent, thus we investigated the anti-arthritic potential of Ardisia crispa roots by suppressing angiogenesis, in vitro. Methods Ardisia crispa roots hexane extract (ACRH) was prepared from the plant roots using absolute n-hexane. ACRH was fractionated into quinone-rich fraction (QRF) and further isolated to yield benzoquinonoid compound (BQ), respectively. In vitro experiments using VEGF-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and IL-1β-induced human fibroblast-like synoviocytes for rheumatoid arthritis (HFLS-RA) were performed to evaluate the effects of these samples on VEGF-induced HUVECs proliferation and tube formation, and towards IL-1β-induced HFLS-RA proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis, respectively. Therapeutic concentrations (0.05, 0.5, and 5 μg/mL) tested in this study were predetermined based on the IC50 values obtained from the MTT assay. Results ACRH, QRF, and BQ exerted concentration-independent antiproliferative effects on VEGF-induced HUVECs and IL-1β-induced HFLS-RA, with IC50 values at 1.09 ± 0.18, 3.85 ± 0.26, and 1.34 ± 0.16 μg/mL in HUVECs; and 3.60 ± 1.38, 4.47 ± 0.34, and 1.09 ± 0.09 μg/mL in HFLS-RA, respectively. Anti-angiogenic properties of these samples were verified via significant inhibition on VEGF-induced HUVECs tube formation, in a concentration-independent manner. The invasiveness of IL-1β-induced HFLS-RA was also significantly inhibited in a concentration-independent manner by all samples. ACRH and BQ, but not QRF, significantly enhanced the apoptosis of IL-1β-induced HFLS-RA elicited at their highest concentration (5 μg/mL) (P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings highlight the bioactive fractions and compound from Ardisia crispa roots as potential anti-arthritic agents by inhibiting both HUVECs and HFLS-RA’s cellular functions in vitro, possibly mediated via their anti-angiogenic effects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03341-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Anak Blin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roslida Abdul Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Huzwah Khaza'ai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chen WD, Zhao YL, Sun WJ, He YJ, Liu YP, Jin Q, Yang XW, Luo XD. "Kidney Tea" and Its Bioactive Secondary Metabolites for Treatment of Gout. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9131-9138. [PMID: 32786873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clerodendranthus spicatus, popularly known as "kidney tea" in China, is consumed traditionally as a functional food for treatment of renal inflammation, dysuria, and gout. We evaluated the effects of C. spicatus on gout by assessing activities of antihyperuricemia, anti-gouty arthritis, and analgesia in vivo, and the results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction shows potential activities. Subsequent phytochemical investigation of this fraction led to the isolation of 32 compounds, consisting of 20 diterpenoids (including the new orthosiphonones E and F), 2 triterpenoids, 6 flavonoids, 2 lignanoids, and 2 phenolic acid derivatives. Pharmacological investigation of the pure compounds in the cellular model of hyperuricemia indicated that 12 compounds could promote the excretion of uric acid at 10 μg/mL, and compounds 3, 4, 5, and 21 had better effects than that of benzbromarone, a famous uricosuric drug. Furthermore, compounds 4, 6, 7, 9, 14, 15, 23, 26, and 31 showed significant anti-gouty arthritis activity in monosodium urate (MSU)-induced joint swelling at the dose of 50 mg/kg, while compounds 4, 5, 7, 9, and 26 exhibited significant inhibition of pain induced by acetic acid. Our findings provided scientific justification to support the traditional application of "kidney tea" for treating gout and suggested its good application prospects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
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Taleb Agha M, Baharetha HM, Al-Mansoub MA, Tabana YM, Kaz Abdul Aziz NH, Yam MF, Abdul Majid AMS. Proapoptotic and Antiangiogenic Activities of Arctium Lappa L. on Breast Cancer Cell Lines. SCIENTIFICA 2020; 2020:7286053. [PMID: 32509375 PMCID: PMC7254072 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7286053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the bioactivity-guided fractionation was conducted on the aerial parts of Arctium lappa L. and then the extracts were tested in vitro on breast cancer (MCF-7), colorectal cancer (HCT-116), and normal cells (EA.hy926). The n-hexane fraction (EHX) of the ethanolic extract showed strong activity against both MCF-7 and EA.hy926 cell lines (IC50 values: 14.08 ± 3.64 and 27.25 ± 3.45 μg/mL, respectively). The proapoptotic activity of EHX was assessed using MCF-7. Morphological alterations were visualized using Hoechst staining and a transmission electron microscope. Cancer cell signal transduction pathways were investigated, and EHX significantly upregulated p53, TGF-β, and NF-κB. Furthermore, EHX was found to disrupt the metastatic cascade of breast cancer cells by the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colonization. The antiangiogenic activity of EHX fraction showed potent inhibition of rat aorta microvessels with IC50 value: 4.34 ± 1.64 μg/mL. This result was supported by the downregulation of VEGF-A expression up to 54%. Over 20 compounds were identified in EHX using GC-MS, of which stigmasterol, ß-sitosterol, and 3-O-acetyllupeol are the major active compounds. Phytochemical analysis of EHX showed higher phenolic and flavonoid contents with a substantial antioxidant activity. In conclusion, this work demonstrated that A. lappa has valuable anticancer activity and antiangiogenic properties that might be useful in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Taleb Agha
- EMAN Testing & Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hussein M. Baharetha
- EMAN Testing & Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Al Mukalla, Hadhramout, Yemen
| | - Majed Ahmed Al-Mansoub
- EMAN Testing & Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yasser M. Tabana
- EMAN Testing & Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pinang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nur Hidayah Kaz Abdul Aziz
- EMAN Testing & Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- EMAN Testing & Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- EMAN Testing & Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pinang, Malaysia
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Abdul Aziz AH, Putra NR, Kong H, Che Yunus MA. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Sinensetin, Isosinensetin, and Rosmarinic Acid from Orthosiphon stamineus Leaves: Optimization and Modeling. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Shoaib A, Siddiqui HH, Dixit RK, Siddiqui S, Deen B, Khan A, Alrokayan SH, Khan HA, Ahmad P. Neuroprotective Effects of Dried Tubers of Aconitum napellus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9030356. [PMID: 32168878 PMCID: PMC7154901 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to explore the neuroprotective properties of Aconitum napellus (Ranunculaceae). The plant detoxification was done using either water, or cow or goat milk as per the Ayurvedic shodhana method. The evaluation of the neuroprotective role of A. napellus was performed on diabetic neuropathy induced by streptozotocin in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Body mass, blood sugar level, oral glucose tolerance test, hyperalgesia, cold allodynia, motor co-ordination test, and locomotor activity, oxidative biomarkers (TBARS, reduced glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase) and sciatic nerve histomorphology were assessed. The in vitro studies were done on human neuroblastoma cell line SHSY-5Y and used an MTT assay to assess the antiproliferative activity of different extracts. Results suggest that the goat milk treated chloroform extract has less percentage of aconitine. After administration of the detoxified chloroform extract to the diabetic animals, there was a significant improvement in the myelination and degenerative changes of the nerve fibers along with behavioral changes (p < 0.05 as compared with diabetic control group). The findings of the in vitro research show an effective neuroprotective role of A. napellus. This suggests that A. napellus should be further investigated for its effect in diabetic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Shoaib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India;
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar Dixit
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India;
| | - Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow 226003, India;
| | - Badrud Deen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India;
- Correspondence: (B.D.); (P.A.); Tel.: +91-0522-2890730 (P.A.)
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salman H. Alrokayan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.A.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.A.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (B.D.); (P.A.); Tel.: +91-0522-2890730 (P.A.)
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lncRNAs: function and mechanism in cartilage development, degeneration, and regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:344. [PMID: 31753016 PMCID: PMC6873685 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of cartilage-related diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), heavier financial and social burdens need to be faced. Unfortunately, there is no satisfactory clinical method to target the pathophysiology of cartilage-related diseases. Many gene expressions, signaling pathways, and biomechanical dysregulations were involved in cartilage development, degeneration, and regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism was not clearly understood. Recently, lots of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified in the biological processes, including cartilage development, degeneration, and regeneration. It is clear that lncRNAs were important in regulating gene expression and maintaining chondrocyte phenotypes and homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the recent researches studying lncRNAs’ expression and function in cartilage development, degeneration, and regeneration and illustrate the potential mechanism of how they act in the pathologic process. With continued efforts, regulating lncRNA expression in the cartilage regeneration may be a promising biological treatment approach.
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Toxicological studies of Orthosiphon stamineus (Misai Kucing) standardized ethanol extract in combination with gemcitabine in athymic nude mice model. J Adv Res 2018; 15:59-68. [PMID: 30581613 PMCID: PMC6300433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has the highest mortality rate among cancers due to its aggressive biology and lack of effective treatment. Gemcitabine, the first line anticancer drug has reduced efficacy due to acquired resistance. The current study evaluates the toxicological effects of Orthosiphon stamineus (O.s) and its marker compound (rosmarinic acid) in combination with gemcitabine. O.s (200 or 400 mg/kg/day) and rosmarinic acid (32 mg/kg/day) were administered orally and gemcitabine (10 mg/kg/3 days) intraperitoneally either alone or in combination treatment for fourteen days. Parameters including blood serum biochemistry, hematology, myeloid-erythroid ratio, incident of lethality, and histopathological analysis of liver, kidney, and spleen tissues were studied. Neither, individual drugs/extract nor chemo-herbal combinations at tested doses induced any toxicity and damage to organs in nude mice when compared to control group. Toxicological data obtained from this study will help to select the best doses of chemo-herbal combination for future pancreatic xenograft tumor studies.
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Khalilpour S, Behnammanesh G, Suede F, Ezzat MO, Muniandy J, Tabana Y, Ahamed MK, Tamayol A, Majid AMS, Sangiovanni E, Dell'Agli M, Majid AS. Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rhus coriaria Extract in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6020048. [PMID: 29690612 PMCID: PMC6027176 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating oxidative stresses and inflammation can potentially prevent or alleviate the pathological conditions of diseases associated with the nervous system, including ischemic optic neuropathy. In this study we evaluated the anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activities of Rhus coriaria (R. coriaria) extract in vivo. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for DPPH, ABTS and β⁻carotene were 6.79 ± 0.009 µg/mL, 10.94 ± 0.09 µg/mL, and 6.25 ± 0.06 µg/mL, respectively. Retinal ischemia was induced by optic nerve crush injury in albino Balb/c mice. The anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of R. coriaria (ERC) and linoleic acid (LA) on ocular ischemia was monitored using Fluorescence Molecular Tomography (FMT). Following optic nerve crush injury, the mice treated with 400 mg/kg of ERC and LA exhibited an 84.87% and 86.71% reduction of fluorescent signal (cathepsin activity) respectively. The results of this study provide strong scientific evidence for the neuroprotective activity of the ERC, identifying LA as one of the main components responsible for the effect. ERC may be useful and worthy of further development for its adjunctive utilization in the treatment of optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Khalilpour
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9-20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Ghazaleh Behnammanesh
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Fouad Suede
- EMAN Biodiscoveries Sdn. Bhd., Suite 126, Level 1, EUREKA Complex, University of Science Malaysia (USM), Minden Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed O Ezzat
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Minden Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Jayadhisan Muniandy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Minden Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Yasser Tabana
- EMAN Biodiscoveries Sdn. Bhd., Suite 126, Level 1, EUREKA Complex, University of Science Malaysia (USM), Minden Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Mohamed Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Biodiscoveries Sdn. Bhd., Suite 126, Level 1, EUREKA Complex, University of Science Malaysia (USM), Minden Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincol, NE 68508, USA.
| | - Amin Malik Shah Majid
- EMAN Biodiscoveries Sdn. Bhd., Suite 126, Level 1, EUREKA Complex, University of Science Malaysia (USM), Minden Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Minden Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia.
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9-20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mario Dell'Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9-20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Aman Shah Majid
- EMAN Biodiscoveries Sdn. Bhd., Suite 126, Level 1, EUREKA Complex, University of Science Malaysia (USM), Minden Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
- Centre for Natural Product and Angiogenesis Research/Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University, Ipoh 30250, Malaysia.
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Choo BKM, Kundap UP, Kumari Y, Hue SM, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Orthosiphon stamineus Leaf Extract Affects TNF-α and Seizures in a Zebrafish Model. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29527169 PMCID: PMC5829632 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic seizures result from abnormal brain activity and can affect motor, autonomic and sensory function; as well as, memory, cognition, behavior, or emotional state. Effective anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are available but have tolerability issues due to their side effects. The Malaysian herb Orthosiphon stamineus, is a traditional epilepsy remedy and possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and free-radical scavenging abilities, all of which are known to protect against seizures. This experiment thus aimed to explore if an ethanolic leaf extract of O. stamineus has the potential to be a novel symptomatic treatment for epileptic seizures in a zebrafish model; and the effects of the extract on the expression levels of several genes in the zebrafish brain which are associated with seizures. The results of this study indicate that O. stamineus has the potential to be a novel symptomatic treatment for epileptic seizures as it is pharmacologically active against seizures in a zebrafish model. The anti-convulsive effect of this extract is also comparable to that of diazepam at higher doses and can surpass diazepam in certain cases. Treatment with the extract also counteracts the upregulation of NF-κB, NPY and TNF-α as a result of a Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) treated seizure. The anti-convulsive action for this extract could be at least partially due to its downregulation of TNF-α. Future work could include the discovery of the active anti-convulsive compound, as well as determine if the extract does not cause cognitive impairment in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Kar Meng Choo
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Uday P Kundap
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Seow-Mun Hue
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Khalilpour S, Behnammanesh G, Abdul Majid AMS, Tamayol A, Abdul Majid AS. Assessment of neuroprotective properties of Rhus coriaria L. ethanol extract in an in vitro model of retinal degeneration. J Herb Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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21
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Ischemic optic neuropathy as a model of neurodegenerative disorder: A review of pathogenic mechanism of axonal degeneration and the role of neuroprotection. J Neurol Sci 2016; 375:430-441. [PMID: 28320183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Optic neuropathy is a neurodegenerative disease which involves optic nerve injury. It is caused by acute or intermittent insults leading to visual dysfunction. There are number of factors, responsible for optic neuropathy, and the optic nerve axon is affected in all type which causes the loss of retinal ganglion cells. In this review we will highlight various mechanisms involved in the cell loss cascades during axonal degeneration as well as ischemic optic neuropathy. These mechanisms include oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, angiogenesis, neuroinflammation and apoptosis following retinal ischemia. We will also discuss the effect of neuroprotective agents in attenuation of the negative effect of factors involve in the disease occurrence and progression.
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