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Hago S, Lu T, Alzain AA, Abdelgadir AA, Yassin S, Ahmed EM, Xu H. Phytochemical constituents, in-vitro anticancer activity and computational studies of Cymbopogon schoenanthus. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1073-1079. [PMID: 37144384 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2208360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic effects of Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. aerial part ethanol extract were examined against some cancer cell lines, and HUVEC normal cell lines using MTT assay. The ethanolic extract was prepared by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and analyzed by GC-MS and HPLC. The extract was found to be rich in terpene compounds. The extract proved to be highly selective and effective against breast and prostate cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-435, MCF-7, and DU 145) with IC50 as low as 0.7913 ± 0.14, 12.841 ± 0.21, and 30.51 ± 0.18 µg/ml, respectively. In silico modeling was performed to investigate the binding orientation and affinity of the major identified compounds against Polo-like kinase (PLK1 protein) a cancer molecular target using molecular docking and molecular dynamic whereas eudesm-5-en-11-ol, piperitone, and 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran displayed better binding affinity and stability against PLK1 compared to the reference drug. These findings encourage further in vivo studies to assess the anti-cancer effects of C. schoenanthus extract and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Hago
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Gezira State, Sudan
| | - Tang Lu
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Abdulrahim A Alzain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Gezira State, Sudan
| | - Abdelgadir A Abdelgadir
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Gezira State, Sudan
| | - Sitelbanat Yassin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Gezira State, Sudan
| | - Elhadi M Ahmed
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gezira University, Wad Madani, Gezira State, Sudan
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Caballero-Gallardo K, Quintero-Rincón P, Stashenko EE, Olivero-Verbel J. Photoprotective Agents Obtained from Aromatic Plants Grown in Colombia: Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Assessment of Cytotoxic Potential in Cancer Cell Lines of Cymbopogon flexuosus L. and Tagetes lucida Cav. Essential Oils. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11131693. [PMID: 35807645 PMCID: PMC9269283 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoprotective agents obtained from plants provide benefits for the health of the skin. The present study aims to assess the total phenolic content (TPC) and in vitro UV-protective properties of twelve essential oils (EOs) from plants grown in Colombia and to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of two species identified as photoprotective potentials: Cymbopogon flexuosus and Tagetes lucida. The composition of EOs was studied by GC/MS. The cytotoxicity of both EOs was examined using an MTT assay, and an H2-DCFDA probe was employed to estimate the intracellular production of ROS in HepG2 and Calu-1 cells. Major constituents (≥10%) were neral, geranial, geranyl acetate in C. flexuosus and estragole in T. lucida. The TPC for C. flexuosus and T. lucida EOs were ≥10 mg GAE/g of byproduct. Both EOs showed photoprotective properties (SPFin vitro: 13−14), and long-wavelength UVA protection (λc > 370 nm). HepG2 and Calu-1 cells exposed to C. flexuosus exhibited antiproliferative activity (˂50%) at 125 µg/mL, while T. lucida was at 250 and 500 µg/mL. The IC50 values for C. flexuosus were 75 and 100 µg/mL in HepG2 and Calu-1 cells, respectively, whereas those for T. lucida were >250 µg/mL. These EOs achieved significant inhibitory effects (between 15.6 and 40.4%) against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The results showed that EO compounds recognized as antioxidants could counteract the effects elicited by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Caballero-Gallardo
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (K.C.-G.); (P.Q.-R.)
- Functional Toxicology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Patricia Quintero-Rincón
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (K.C.-G.); (P.Q.-R.)
- Functional Toxicology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Elena E. Stashenko
- Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry CROM-MASS, Research Center for Biomolecules CIBIMOL, School of Chemistry, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680006, Colombia;
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia; (K.C.-G.); (P.Q.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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Quality and Metabolomics Analysis of Houttuynia cordata Based on HS-SPME/GC-MS. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123921. [PMID: 35745045 PMCID: PMC9228095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Houttuynia cordata is a medicinal and edible plant with a wide biological interest. Many parts were discarded due to various modes of consumption, resulting in resource waste. In this study, a comprehensive study was conducted on various edible indicators and medicinal components of Houttuynia cordata to understand its edible and medicinal value. The edible indexes of each root, stem, and leaf were determined, and the metabolites of different parts were investigated using the headspace solid-phase micro-extraction technique (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The differential metabolites were screened by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and clustering analysis. The results of the study showed that the parts of Houttuynia cordata with high edibility values as a vegetable were mainly the roots and leaves, with the highest vitamin C content in the roots and the highest total flavonoids, soluble sugars, and total protein in the leaves. The nutrient content of all the stems of Houttuynia cordata was lower and significantly different from the roots and leaves (p < 0.05). In addition, 209 metabolites were isolated from Houttuynia cordata, 135 in the roots, 146 in the stems, 158 in the leaves, and 91 shared metabolites. The clustering analysis and OPLS-DA found that the parts of Houttuynia cordata can be mainly divided into above-ground parts (leaves and stems) and underground parts (roots). When comparing the differential metabolites between the above-ground parts and underground parts, it was found that the most important medicinal component of Houttuynia cordata, 2-undecanone, was mainly concentrated in the underground parts. The cluster analysis resulted in 28 metabolites with up-regulation and 17 metabolites with down-regulation in the underground parts. Most of the main components of the underground part have pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and antiviral, which are more suitable for drug development. Furthermore, the above-ground part has more spice components and good antioxidant capacity, which is suitable for the extraction of edible flavors. Therefore, by comparing and analyzing the differences between the edible and medicinal uses of different parts of Houttuynia cordata as a medicinal and food plant, good insights can be obtained into food development, pharmaceutical applications, agricultural development, and the hygiene and cosmetic industries. This paper provides a scientific basis for quality control and clinical use.
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Kushwaha A, Hans N, Giri BS, Rene ER, Rani R. Uncovering the phytochemicals of root exudates and extracts of lead (Pb) tolerant Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty in response to lead contamination and their effect on the chemotactic behavior of rhizospheric bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:44998-45012. [PMID: 35146608 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of root exudates and root extracts from Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty cv KS-1 was determined in the presence of lead [Pb(II)]. Hitherto, no information is available in the literature concerning the phytochemical components of root exudates of C. zizanioides. Significantly higher concentrations of total carbohydrates (26.75 and 42.62% in root exudates and root extract, respectively), reducing sugars (21.46 and 56.11% in root exudates and root extract, respectively), total proteins (9.22 and 23.70% in root exudates and root extract, respectively), total phenolic acids (14.69 and 8.33% in root exudates and root extract, respectively), total flavonoids (14.30 and 12.28% in root exudates and root extract, respectively), and total alkaloids (12.48 and 7.96% in root exudates and root extract, respectively) were observed in samples from plants growing under Pb(II) stress in comparison to the respective controls. GC-MS profiling showed the presence of a diverse group of compounds in root exudates and extracts, including terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, carotenoids, plant hormones, carboxylic/organic acids, and fatty acids. Among the detected compounds, many have an important role in plant development, regulating rhizosphere microbiota and allelopathy. Furthermore, the results indicated that C. zizanioides exudates possess a chemotactic response for rhizospheric bacterial strains Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter junii Pb1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Kushwaha
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj-211004, Teliyarganj, India
| | - Nidhi Hans
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj-211004, Teliyarganj, India
| | - Balendu Shekher Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Centre of Advanced Study, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, 2611AX, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Radha Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj-211004, Teliyarganj, India.
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Pokharel SS, Zhong Y, Changning L, Shen F, Likun L, Parajulee MN, Fang W, Chen F. Influence of reduced N-fertilizer application on foliar chemicals and functional qualities of tea plants under Toxoptera aurantii infestation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:166. [PMID: 35366797 PMCID: PMC8976352 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tea aphid, Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) is a polyphagous pest predominant in tea orchards and has become the most pernicious pest deteriorating tea quality. Nitrogen (N) is essential to plant growth improvement, and it can significantly impact plant defensive ability against aphid infestation. This study was designed to quantify the influence of reduced N-fertilizer application on foliar chemicals and functional quality parameters of tea plants against the infestation of T. aurantii. In this study, the tea seedlings (cv. Longjing43) were applied with normal level (NL) of N-fertilizer (240 kg N ha-1) along with reduced N-fertilizer levels (70%NL and 50%NL), and with and without T. aurantii infestation. RESULTS The results showed that N-fertilizer application significantly affected plant biomass and photosynthetic indexes, foliar soluble nutrients and polyphenols, tea catechins, caffeine, essential amino acids, volatile organic compounds of tea seedlings, and the population dynamics of T. aurantii. Compared with the normal N-fertilizer level, the reduced N-fertilizer application (70%NL and 50%NL) significantly decreased all the foliar functional quality components of tea seedlings without aphid infestation, while these components were increased in tea seedlings with aphid infestation. Moreover, the transcript expression levels of foliar functional genes (including CsTCS, CsTs1, and CsGT1) were significantly higher in the NL, and significantly lower in the 50%NL for tea seedlings without aphid infestation, while the transcript expression levels were significantly higher in 50%NL in aphid inoculated tea seedlings. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the reduced N-fertilizer application could enhance foliar chemicals and functional quality parameters of tea plants especially with T. aurantii infestation, which can relieve soil nitrogen pressure and reduce pesticide use for control of tea aphid infestation in tea plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanni Zhong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lv Changning
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fangyuan Shen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Li Likun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Megha N Parajulee
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Lubbock, TX79403, USA
| | - Wanping Fang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Seibert JB, Viegas JSR, Almeida TC, Amparo TR, Rodrigues IV, Lanza JS, Frézard FJG, Soares RDOA, Teixeira LFM, de Souza GHB, Vieira PMA, Barichello JM, Dos Santos ODH. Nanostructured Systems Improve the Antimicrobial Potential of the Essential Oil from Cymbopogon densiflorus Leaves. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:3208-3220. [PMID: 31815454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical characteristics of nanostructured suspensions are important prerequisites for the success of new drug development. This work aimed to develop nanometric systems containing Cymbopogon densiflorus leaf essential oil and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation from leaves and analyzed by GC-MS. The main constituents were found to be trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, cis-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, cis-piperitol, and cis-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol. In silico prediction analysis suggested that this oil possesses antimicrobial potential and the main mechanism of action might be the peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase inhibition. Nanoemulsions were prepared by the phase inversion method, and liposomes were made by the film hydration method. Qualitative evaluation of the antimicrobial activity was performed by the diffusion disk assay with 24 microorganisms; all of them were found to be sensitive to the essential oil. Subsequently, this property was quantified by the serial microdilution technique, where the nanoformulations demonstrated improved activity in comparison with the free oil. Bactericidal action was tested by the propidium iodide method, which revealed that free essential oil and nanoemulsion increased cytoplasmic membrane permeability, while no difference was observed between negative control and liposome. These results were confirmed by images obtained using transmission electron microscopy. This study has shown an optimization in the antimicrobial activity of C. densiflorus essential oil by a nanoemulsion and a liposomal formulation of the active substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína B Seibert
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| | - Juliana S R Viegas
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| | - Tamires C Almeida
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| | - Tatiane R Amparo
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| | - Ivanildes V Rodrigues
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora , Governador Valadares , 36010-041 , Brazil
| | - Juliane S Lanza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , 30150-260 , Brazil
| | - Frédéric J G Frézard
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , 30150-260 , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo D O A Soares
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando M Teixeira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| | - Gustavo H B de Souza
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| | - Paula M A Vieira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| | - José M Barichello
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , 96020-000 , Brazil
| | - Orlando D H Dos Santos
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
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Li S, Ye T, Liang L, Liang W, Jian P, Zhou K, Zhang L. Anti-cancer activity of an ethyl-acetate extract of the fruits of Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn.) Roxb. through an apoptotic signaling pathway in vitro. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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