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Norouzi H, Dastan D, Abdullah FO, Al-Qaaneh AM. Recent advances in methods of extraction, pre-concentration, purification, identification, and quantification of kaempferol. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1735:465297. [PMID: 39243588 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
As a naturally widely-occurring dietary, cosmetic, and therapeutic flavonoid, kaempferol has gained much consideration for its nutritional and pharmaceutical properties in recent years. Although there have been performed a high number of studies associated with different aspects of kaempferol's analytical investigations, the lack of a comprehensive summary of the various methods and other plant sources that have been reported for this compound is being felt, especially for many biological applications. This study, aimed to provide a detailed compilation consisting of sources (plant species) and analytical information that was precisely related to the natural flavonoid (kaempferol). There is a trend in analytical research that supports the application of modern eco-friendly instruments and methods. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is the most general advanced method used widely today for the extraction of kaempferol. During recent years, there is an increasing tendency towards the identification of kaempferol by different methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Norouzi
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dara Dastan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Fuad O Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq.
| | - Ayman M Al-Qaaneh
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU), Al-Salt 19117 Jordan
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Kanpipit N, Thapphasaraphong S, Phupaboon S, Puthongking P. The Characteristics and Biological Activities of Niosome-Entrapped Salicylic Acid-Contained Oleoresin from Dipterocarpus alatus for Skin Product Applications. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2024; 2024:1642653. [PMID: 39350790 PMCID: PMC11442035 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1642653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is widely renowned for its efficacy as a beneficial ingredient for skincare, especially for acne and uneven skin texture. The salicylic acid (SA) niosome formulation combined with the essential component of oleoresin from Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G. Don or Yang-Na (ODA) was developed and investigated for its physical characteristics, biological effects, and stability. The findings demonstrated that SA combined with ODA in the niosome formulation F4 enhanced the entrapment efficiency of SA, as well as the physical properties and stability of the formulation. Furthermore, the release pattern of this combined formulation indicated sustained release of SA. The permeation of SA was higher in the presence of ODA compared to SA-niosome formulations without ODA. Moreover, this F4 could downregulate the secretion of iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α including anti-Propionibacterium acnes activities. Consequently, the incorporation of ODA into the niosome formulation has the potential to improve the entrapment efficiency of SA, facilitating controlled release and enhancing permeation, nitric oxide inhibition capabilities, and anti-P. acnes activity. Therefore, F4 has the potential to be developed as a topical product for the combined treatment of inflammation and P. acnes-associated conditions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawadee Kanpipit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Khon Kaen University, 123 M16 Tumbon Naimueng Mueng, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suthasinee Thapphasaraphong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Khon Kaen University, 123 M16 Tumbon Naimueng Mueng, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Srisan Phupaboon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Khon Kaen University, 123 M16 Tumbon Naimueng Mueng, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ploenthip Puthongking
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Khon Kaen University, 123 M16 Tumbon Naimueng Mueng, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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3
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Bae WY, Jung WH, Lee YJ, Shin SL, An YK, Kim TR, Sohn M. Heat-treated Pediococcus acidilactici LM1013-mediated inhibition of biofilm formation by Cutibacterium acnes and its application in acne vulgaris: A single-arm clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:3125-3134. [PMID: 37177837 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease accompanied by chronic inflammation in the pilosebaceous follicles, resulting from excessive Cutibacterium acnes. This study aimed to investigate the inhibition of biofilm formation by C. acnes ATCC 6919 using heat-treated Pediococcus acidilactici LM1013 (HT-LM1013), previously isolated from the Korean traditional fermented alcoholic beverage-makgeolli, and its application as a leave-on-type product for patients with acne vulgaris. METHODS HT-LM1013 was prepared by Lactomason and homogenized using a high-pressure homogenizer. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and lipase activity were evaluated for C. acnes inhibition. Inhibition of biofilm formation was demonstrated using a crystal violet solution. Damaged C. acnes was observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Clinical trials were performed using a leave-on-type product containing HT-LM1013. RESULTS HT-LM1013 inhibited the TCA cycle (36.80%) and lipase activity using palmitate (31.89%), stearate (36.91%), and oleate (30.86%) as substrates at 1 × MIC (p < 0.01). After treatment with HT-LM1013, concave and elongated shapes of C. acnes were observed by FE-SEM. In addition, HT-LM1013 inhibited biofilm formation by 71.75% at 1 × MIC (p < 0.001) and removed 73.35% of mature biofilms (p < 0.01). In the clinical trial, the leave-on-type product decreased the number of closed comedones from 14.04 to 10.22, open comedones from 7.22 to 4.39%, and sebum content to 76.23% at week 4 (p < 0.01). The satisfaction score of the participants was recorded 3.83 on a five-point scale. CONCLUSION HT-LM1013 is potent for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - So Lim Shin
- Microbiome R&D Center, Lactomason, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Kyung An
- Microbiome R&D Center, Lactomason, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Minn Sohn
- Microbiome R&D Center, Lactomason, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Karatas O, Gevrek F. 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic Acid Attenuates Ligature-Induced Periodontal Disease in Wistar Rats. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:51-60. [PMID: 32026787 DOI: 10.2174/1871523019666200206094335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, which is also known as gallic acid, is an antiinflammatory agent that could provide beneficial effects in preventing periodontal inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of gallic acid on experimental periodontitis in Wistar rats. Alveolar bone loss, osteoclastic activity, osteoblastic activity, and collagenase activity were also determined. METHODS Thirty-two Wistar rats were used in the present study. Study groups were created as following: Healthy control (C,n=8) group; periodontitis (P,n=8) group; periodontitis and 30 mg/kg gallic acid administered group (G30,n=8); periodontitis and 60 mg/kg gallic acid administered group (G60,n=8). Experimental periodontitis was created by placing 4-0 silk sutures around the mandibular right first molar tooth. Morphological changes in alveolar bone were determined by stereomicroscopic evaluation. Mandibles were undergone histological evaluation. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-1, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 expressions, tartrateresistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive osteoclast cells, osteoblast, and inflammatory cell counts were determined. RESULTS The highest alveolar bone loss was observed in the periodontitis group. Both doses of gallic acid decreased alveolar bone loss as compared to the P group. TRAP-positive osteoclast cell counts were higher in the P group, and gallic acid successfully lowered these counts. Osteoblast cells also increased in gallic acid administered groups. Inflammation in the P group was also higher than those of C, G30, and G60 groups supporting the role of gallic acid in preventing inflammation. 30 and 60 mg/kg doses of gallic acid decreased MMP-8 levels and increased TIMP-1 levels. BMP levels increased in gallic acid administered groups, similar to several osteoblasts. CONCLUSION Present results revealed an anti-inflammatory effect of gallic acid, which was indicated by decreased alveolar bone loss and collagenase activity and increased osteoblastic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Karatas
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fikret Gevrek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Amani H, Shahbazi MA, D'Amico C, Fontana F, Abbaszadeh S, Santos HA. Microneedles for painless transdermal immunotherapeutic applications. J Control Release 2020; 330:185-217. [PMID: 33340568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has recently garnered plenty of attention to improve the clinical outcomes in the treatment of various diseases. However, owing to the dynamic nature of the immune system, this approach has often been challenged by concerns regarding the lack of adequate long-term responses in patients. The development of microneedles (MNs) has resulted in the improvement and expansion of immuno-reprogramming strategies due to the housing of high accumulation of dendritic cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells in the dermis layer of the skin. In addition, MNs possess many outstanding properties, such as the ability for the painless traverse of the stratum corneum, minimal invasiveness, facile fabrication, excellent biocompatibility, convenient administration, and bypassing the first pass metabolism that allows direct translocation of therapeutics into the systematic circulation. These advantages make MNs excellent candidates for the delivery of immunological biomolecules to the dermal antigen-presenting cells in the skin with the aim of vaccinating or treating different diseases, such as cancer and autoimmune disorders, with minimal invasiveness and side effects. This review discusses the recent advances in engineered MNs and tackles limitations relevant to traditional immunotherapy of various hard-to-treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Amani
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Carmine D'Amico
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Samin Abbaszadeh
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Zhang T, Sun B, Guo J, Wang M, Cui H, Mao H, Wang B, Yan F. Active pharmaceutical ingredient poly(ionic liquid)-based microneedles for the treatment of skin acne infection. Acta Biomater 2020; 115:136-147. [PMID: 32853804 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As an inflammatory skin disease of pilosebaceous follicles, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) can aggravate local inflammatory responses and forms acne lesions. However, due to the skin barrier, various transdermal measures other than antibiotic creams are necessary. Microneedle (MN) patches are emerging platforms for the transdermal delivery of various therapeutics since it can effectively create transport pathways in the epidermis. Herein, we develop an active pharmaceutical ingredient poly(ionic liquid) (API PIL)-based MN patches containing salicylic acid (SA). The PIL-based MNs are simply prepared through photo-crosslinking of an imidazolium-type ionic liquid (IL) monomer in MN micro-molds, and following by anion exchange with salicylic acid anions (SA-). The fabricated SA-loaded PIL-MNs exhibited therapeutic efficiency in the topical treatment of P. acnes infection in vitro and in vivo. These active pharmaceutical ingredient PIL-based MNs can improve acne treatment, demonstrating potential applications for skin diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microneedle (MN) patches can be used as platforms for transdermal delivery of various therapeutics to treat bacterial infection. Here, a facile strategy was developed to synthesize active pharmaceutical ingredient poly(ionic liquid)-based microneedle patches by anion-exchange with salicylic acid anion (SA-). The fabricated SA-loaded PIL-MNs are active on not only anti-bacteria but also anti-inflammation in P. acnes treated mice, and may have potential applications for skin acne infection.
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Jalali O, Best M, Wong A, Schaeffer B, Bauer B, Johnson L. Reduced Bacterial Burden of the Skin Surrounding the Shoulder Joint Following Topical Protocatechuic Acid Application: Results of a Pilot Study. JB JS Open Access 2020; 5:JBJSOA-D-19-00078. [PMID: 32803100 PMCID: PMC7386540 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.oa.19.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing the rising health-care burden associated with shoulder surgical site infection (SSI) is of paramount importance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of protocatechuic acid (PCA) as a topical reagent for surgical skin antisepsis surrounding the shoulder joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Jalali
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
| | - Molly Best
- Loma Linda Department of Orthopedics (M.B.) and Loma Linda University School of Medicine (A.W., B.S., and B.B.), Loma Linda, California
| | - Alison Wong
- Loma Linda Department of Orthopedics (M.B.) and Loma Linda University School of Medicine (A.W., B.S., and B.B.), Loma Linda, California
| | - Brett Schaeffer
- Loma Linda Department of Orthopedics (M.B.) and Loma Linda University School of Medicine (A.W., B.S., and B.B.), Loma Linda, California
| | - Brendon Bauer
- Loma Linda Department of Orthopedics (M.B.) and Loma Linda University School of Medicine (A.W., B.S., and B.B.), Loma Linda, California
| | - Lanny Johnson
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California.,Loma Linda Department of Orthopedics (M.B.) and Loma Linda University School of Medicine (A.W., B.S., and B.B.), Loma Linda, California
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Huang X, Pan W, Kim W, White A, Li S, Li H, Lee K, Fuchs BB, Zeng K, Mylonakis E. Caenorhabditis elegans mounts a p38 MAPK pathway-mediated defence to Cutibacterium acnes infection. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13234. [PMID: 32543022 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes is capable of inducing inflammation in acne and can lead to a chronic prostatic infection. The diverse pathogenicity among different strains of C. acnes has been presented, but simple appropriate animal models for the evaluation of this bacterium are lacking. In this study, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used as an invertebrate infection model. We revealed that C. acnes type strain ATCC 6919 caused lethal infections to C. elegans in solid and liquid culture media (p < .0001). Compared with the strain ATCC 6919, the antibiotic-resistant strain HM-513 was more virulent, resulting in reduced survival (p < .0001). Four different C. acnes strains killed worms with a p value of less than .0001 when provided to C. elegans at 4.8 × 108 CFU/ml. The infection model was also employed to explore host defence responses. An increase in numerous immune effectors in response to C. acnes was detected. We focused on nine C-type lectins, including: clec-13, clec-17, clec-47, clec-52, clec-60, clec-61, clec-70, clec-71 and clec-227. The induced expression of these C-type lectin genes was down-regulated in mutant worms deficient in the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Meanwhile, PMK-1 (MAPK) was phosphorylated and activated at the onset of C. acnes infection. By monitoring the survival of mutant worms, we found that PMK-1, SEK-1 (MAPKK) and TIR-1 (MAPKKK) were critical in responding to C. acnes infection. C. elegans pmk-1 and tir-1 mutants exhibited higher mortality to C. acnes infection (p < .0001). In conclusion, C. elegans serves as a simple and valuable model to study C. acnes virulence and facilitates improvements in understanding of host innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Wen Pan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Wooseong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alexis White
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Silei Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Huiying Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kiho Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Beth Burgwyn Fuchs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Jalali O, Best M, Wong A, Schaeffer B, Bauer B, Johnson L. Protocatechuic Acid as a Topical Antimicrobial for Surgical Skin Antisepsis: Preclinical Investigations. JB JS Open Access 2020; 5:JBJSOA-D-19-00079. [PMID: 32803102 PMCID: PMC7386545 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.oa.19.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a need for novel skin antiseptic agents to combat the health-care burdens associated with surgical site infection (SSI) and bacterial resistance. The purpose of this proof-of-principle pilot study was to investigate the potential of the phenolic compound protocatechuic acid (PCA) as a topical antimicrobial for surgical skin antisepsis. Methods The Kirby-Bauer method of disc diffusion was used to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity and comparative effectiveness of PCA and 7 related compounds against SSI pathogens. To explore the in vivo efficacy of topical PCA for providing deep, penetrating skin antisepsis, living Cutibacterium acnes was intradermally injected into the skin of female BALB/c mice. Mice were assigned to treatment with daily applications of topical PCA at 3 doses (78, 39, and 19.5 mM) or no treatment (n = 2 mice per group). After 96 hours, infected skin samples were harvested to compare mean C. acnes counts by treatment. Results Compared with other polyphenols, PCA demonstrated the broadest spectrum of antimicrobial activity against tested SSI pathogens, including drug-resistant organisms. At 96 hours following infection, the mean C. acnes burden in untreated mice was 6.65 log colony-forming units (CFUs) per gram of skin. Compared with the untreated group, daily topical application of 78 mM of PCA was associated with a significantly lower C. acnes CFU burden in mice skin (mean, 5.51 log CFUs per gram of skin; p = 0.0295). Both lower dosages of topical PCA failed to show an effect. Conclusions PCA demonstrated laboratory efficacy against pathogens implicated in SSI, including drug-resistant organisms. In vivo, topical PCA demonstrated dose-dependent skin penetration and antimicrobial activity against mouse skin C. acnes loads. Human clinical studies exploring the antimicrobial efficacy of topical PCA for preoperative shoulder skin antisepsis are warranted. Clinical Relevance Topical PCA may have the potential to improve current shoulder SSI treatment and prevention protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Jalali
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
| | - Molly Best
- Loma Linda Department of Orthopedics (M.B.) and Loma Linda University School of Medicine (A.W., B.S., and B.B.), Loma Linda, California
| | - Alison Wong
- Loma Linda Department of Orthopedics (M.B.) and Loma Linda University School of Medicine (A.W., B.S., and B.B.), Loma Linda, California
| | - Brett Schaeffer
- Loma Linda Department of Orthopedics (M.B.) and Loma Linda University School of Medicine (A.W., B.S., and B.B.), Loma Linda, California
| | - Brendon Bauer
- Loma Linda Department of Orthopedics (M.B.) and Loma Linda University School of Medicine (A.W., B.S., and B.B.), Loma Linda, California
| | - Lanny Johnson
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California.,Loma Linda Department of Orthopedics (M.B.) and Loma Linda University School of Medicine (A.W., B.S., and B.B.), Loma Linda, California
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10
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Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Cutibacterium acnes-Induced Inflammation in HaCaT Cells by Using Buddleja davidii Aqueous Extract. Int J Inflam 2020; 2020:8063289. [PMID: 32373312 PMCID: PMC7191358 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8063289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne is an inflammatory skin disorder; although some anti-inflammatory medicines for treating acne are available in a market, they have considerable side effects; therefore, new treatment options are needed. In the present study, among the 16 aqueous extracts of plants collected from Jeju Island in Korea which are used to test anti-inflammatory activity, B. davidii showed the strong decline of the proinflammatory cytokine expression against the inflammatory process caused by C. acnes in Human HaCaT keratinocyte cells. B. davidii downregulated the expression of 57% of COX-2, 41% of iNOS, and proinflammatory cytokines 29% of TNF-α, 32% of IL-1β, 21% of IL-6, and 35% of IL-8. Furthermore, B. davidii inhibited NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades in keratinocytes that activated by toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) in response to C. acnes. Given those results, B. davidii is a potential agent to reduce the proinflammatory cytokine expression against C. acnes-induced inflammation and might provide an alternative to the current medications.
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Euphorbia-Derived Natural Products with Potential for Use in Health Maintenance. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080337. [PMID: 31382529 PMCID: PMC6723572 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia genus (Euphorbiaceae family), which is the third largest genus of angiosperm plants comprising ca. 2000 recognized species, is used all over the world in traditional medicine, especially in the traditional Chinese medicine. Members of this taxa are promptly recognizable by their specialized inflorescences and latex. In this review, an overview of Euphorbia-derived natural products such as essential oils, extracts, and pure compounds, active in a broad range of biological activities, and with potential usages in health maintenance, is described. The chemical composition of essential oils from Euphorbia species revealed the presence of more than 80 phytochemicals, mainly oxygenated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons, while Euphorbia extracts contain secondary metabolites such as sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sterols, flavonoids, and other polyphenols. The extracts and secondary metabolites from Euphorbia plants may act as active principles of medicines for the treatment of many human ailments, mainly inflammation, cancer, and microbial infections. Besides, Euphorbia-derived products have great potential as a source of bioactive extracts and pure compounds, which can be used to promote longevity with more health.
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