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Tian J, Kong Q, Yu H, Liu P, Shen L, Luo Y. Comparative Efficacy of Acute Exercise Intervention on Anxiety in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Network Meta-Analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14735. [PMID: 39317982 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Acute exercise is a promising non-pharmacological therapy for alleviating anxiety. However, the effects of different types of acute exercise on anxiety in adolescents and young adults remain unclear. Therefore, our study aims to conduct a network meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of various exercise interventions in improving anxiety in adolescents and young adults. We conducted an online literature search in five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO. The search was conducted from inception to March 1, 2023, and was limited to English-language publications. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was applied to rate the certainty of evidence. A total of 33 studies involving 1121 participants were included. The network meta-analysis results revealed that mind-body exercise was the most effective intervention for reducing anxiety in adolescents and young adults (SMD = -0.36, 95% CI: -0.70, -0.03, moderate certainty). Additionally, aerobic exercise (SMD = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.28, -0.03, high certainty) showed significant reduction in anxiety, while resistance exercise (SMD = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.33, 0.14, moderate certainty) and multicomponent exercise (SMD = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.59, 0.57, moderate certainty) did not show significant reduction in anxiety. Moderate certainty evidence suggests that acute mind-body exercise may be the most effective type of exercise for reducing anxiety in adolescents and young adults. Future research should focus on conducting more multi-arm randomized controlled trials to provide more direct evidence on the relative effectiveness of different exercise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Tian
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtao Kong
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peifeng Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liqun Shen
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Donnelly S, Penny K, Kynn M. The effectiveness of physical activity interventions in improving higher education students' mental health: A systematic review. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae027. [PMID: 38563387 PMCID: PMC10985680 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional interventions aiming to improve students' mental health and quality of life include meditation or canine therapy. The development of physical activity-related interventions has increased over the past decade. We aimed to review all studies using physical activity for improving the mental health and quality of life in higher education students whilst describing the interventions, measurements and effectiveness. A systematic search of six electronic databases including: ProQuest, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and CENTRAL, was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Randomized or non-randomized controlled trial physical activity-related interventions involving higher education students aiming to improve their mental health and quality of life were included. Searches yielded 58 articles with interventions involving martial arts, sport, mind-body exercises and anaerobic exercises. Psychological measures varied across studies including the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and the Perceived Stress Scale. Over half of the studies included in this review (n = 36) were effective in improving students' mental health or quality of life. Findings from our review suggest that interventions aiming to be effective in improving students' mental health quality of life should aim to deliver moderate-vigorous intensity exercises such as dance or Pilates. This systematic review was based on a published protocol in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022325975).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Donnelly
- The University of the West of Scotland, Division of Sport, Exercise and Health, Stephenson Place, Hamilton International Technology Park, South Lanarkshire G72 0LH, UK
| | - Kay Penny
- University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mary Kynn
- Curtin University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Wark Avenue, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Braun TD, Bhuptani PH, O’Keefe B, Abrantes AM, Marsh E, Holzhauer CG. Mindful self-compassion for veteran women with a history of military sexual trauma: feasibility, acceptability, potential benefits, and considerations. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2301205. [PMID: 38349003 PMCID: PMC10866049 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2301205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Military sexual trauma (MST) is reported by up to 74% of women veterans in the United States and is a driver of poor behavioural and physical health. Self-compassion is a transdiagnostic, protective factor linked with improved posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and health behaviours. Thus, Mindful Self-Compassion training (MSC) may help ameliorate MST-related impacts. However, MSC can also temporarily increase distress (i.e. backdraft). Delivering it with elective trauma-informed yoga (TIY), which regulates acute distress, may help address this issue.Objective: This VA quality improvement project examined feasibility, acceptability, and reported benefits and challenges of a manualized 8-week MSC including within non-randomized subgroups: MSC (n = 4) and MSC+ elective TIY classes (MSC+; n = 4).Methods: Nine women veterans with a history of MST at a Vet Center in the Northeastern U.S.A. enrolled; eight completed, excluding one MSC+ participant. Measures included attrition (n = 9), attendance (n = 8), weekly (n = 8) and posttreatment acceptability (n = 6), validated symptom severity assessments (n = 7), and an exit interview (n = 8).Results: Among completers, MSC attendance was excellent (89%) and higher among in MSC+ vs. MSC (94% vs. 84% sessions completed). On average across the two groups, depressive and PTSD symptom severity decreased by 21% and 30%, respectively. In exit interviews, participants across groups described improved coping with distress and psychiatric symptoms, reduced stress, and improved self-care and health behaviours. Although women in both groups reported backdraft during the programme, MSC+ also reported healthier coping and improved emotional processing.Conclusion: The results of this programme evaluation infer MSC may be feasible, acceptable, and beneficial for women survivors of MST in one Vet Center in the Northeastern USA. Further, temporary elevations in MSC-related distress may be ameliorated with adjunctive TIY. Given requests of women veterans in the USA. for additional complementary and integrative health treatment options, formal research on these approaches is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosca D. Braun
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- VA Central Western Massachusetts, Leeds, MA, USA
| | - Prachi H. Bhuptani
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Ana M. Abrantes
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Cathryn Glanton Holzhauer
- VA Central Western Massachusetts, Leeds, MA, USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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Akdeniz Ş, Kaştan Ö. Perceived benefit of yoga among adults who have practiced yoga for a long time: a qualitative study. Biopsychosoc Med 2023; 17:19. [PMID: 37189194 PMCID: PMC10184339 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-023-00276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous quantitative studies have shown many of the perceived benefits of yoga practice on the mind and body. Although there are many quantitative studies in the international literature on yoga, the number of qualitative studies showing the experience of yoga practice is insufficient. An accurate demonstration of yoga participents experiences, opinions, and judgments on this subject requires a qualitative, rather than a quantitative approach. PURPOSE This study was to explore the benefit perceived by adults who have practiced yoga for a long time. DESIGN AND METHOD This qualitative study is based on a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach. The research sample consisted of 18 adults who volunteered to participate in the research and regularly joined yoga practice. The study data were collected through individual and focus group interviews with the participants who practise yoga and analyzed by content analysis method. RESULTS We created five themes. Themes coded by researchers: meaning of the concept of yoga (theme 1), physical, mental, and social state before starting yoga (theme 2), reasons for practising yoga (theme 3), the participants' experiences related to their physical and mental health and social relationships (theme 4), and difficulties of doing yoga (theme 5). In addition, individuals in the study reported their perceptions of the concept of "yoga" through the creation of metaphors that completed the following sentence "yoga is like ……". These metaphors were used to give insight into the participants deep feelings about yoga. CONCLUSIONS Both in their individual and focus group interviews, almost all of the participants described that doing yoga has positive benefits on the mind and body. The positive experiences of the participants in the study included decrease in pain and flexibility, increase in sleep quality, development of positive personality traits, increase in self-esteem, and coping with anxiety and stress more effectively. Because the study was qualitative and long-term, it was able to evaluate the beliefs, attitudes and behaviors of individuals in a realistic, systematic, and detailed manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şengül Akdeniz
- Department of Healthcare Services, Vocational School of Healthcare Services, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Kaştan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
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Lin Y, Gao W. The effects of physical exercise on anxiety symptoms of college students: A meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1136900. [PMID: 37063553 PMCID: PMC10100500 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1136900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of an exercise intervention on improving and alleviating anxiety symptoms in college students with a meta-analytical approach.MethodsSeveral databases (e.g., PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) were used to search for randomized controlled trials (in short, RCTs) on interventions for physical exercise or aerobic exercise in college students with anxiety symptoms. Stata software, version 16.0, was applied sequentially for traditional meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and publication bias analysis.ResultsA total of nine papers were included. The total literature effect [SMD = −0.55, 95% CI = −0.76 to −0.35, Z = 5.38 (P < 0.001)] indicated that physical activity had a significant effect on alleviating anxiety. Subgroup analysis also showed that exercise interventions using aerobic exercise or yoga were effective in relieving anxiety (SMD = −0.39, 95% CI = −0.74 to −0.04; SMD = −0.76, 95% CI = −1.14 to −0.39).ConclusionPhysical activity interventions were shown to have a positive effect on alleviating anxiety in college students. Aerobic exercise was found to be the optimal mode.
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Ray LN, O'Connor PJ. Session of yoga, with and without slow (Ujjayi) breathing, reduces anxiety; no change on acute pain sensitivity and endogenous pain modulation. Explore (NY) 2022; 19:362-370. [PMID: 35915040 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Yoga is an increasingly popular mode of exercise that boasts health promoting effects including pain relief. A single bout of exercise induces a reduced sensitivity to noxious heat, but the mechanism for this effect and whether it occurs after a single session of yoga is unexplored. The primary aim of this study was to test, using a post-test only between-subjects design, main and interactive effects of yoga and slow breathing on both sensitivity to heat pain and endogenous pain modulation processing in healthy young women DESIGN: Fifty-four women were block randomized into one of four conditions: yoga with slow breathing instructions (Vinyasa), yoga with no breathing instructions, seated rest with slow breathing instructions and seated rest with no breathing instructions. The conditions were completed alone is a small room in which participant followed video-based instructions and models. The yoga was perceived as low-to-moderate intensity. RESULTS Two factor ANOVA demonstrated no significant association between yoga postures and slow breathing, and there was no significant interaction observed for sensitivity to heat pain or endogenous pain modulation. These findings were unchanged in ANCOVAs that controlled for four potential confounding variables: post-condition reduction in systolic blood pressure or state anxiety, pain induced by the conditions and expectations. Compared to the non-yoga conditions, participant in yoga conditions resulted in a significant reduction in state anxiety scores. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that a single session of low-to-moderate intensity yoga with, or without slow breathing, reduces state anxiety but has no effect on heat pain sensitivity or endogenous pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lashawnna N Ray
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Patrick J O'Connor
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Strehli I, Burns RD, Bai Y, Ziegenfuss DH, Block ME, Brusseau TA. Mind-Body Physical Activity Interventions and Stress-Related Physiological Markers in Educational Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010224. [PMID: 33396730 PMCID: PMC7795448 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mind–Body Physical Activity (MBPA) in educational settings is one possible preventive strategy for ameliorating stress-related physiological health parameters. The objectives of this study were to conduct a systematic review of the literature with meta-analyses on the effects of MBPA on stress-related physiological health markers in primary, secondary, and higher education students. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the search for peer-reviewed articles published in English was conducted in PubMed, EBSCOhost, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Criteria for inclusion consisted of empirical studies targeting the student population (primary, secondary, higher education), studies examining the effectiveness of an MBPA intervention, studies including a control or comparison group (pre-test/post-test studies excluded), studies targeting physiological marker outcomes such as heart rate, blood glucose, cortisol, and blood pressure, and finally, studies examining interventions implemented within educational settings. Twenty-six interventions were eligible for the review and quantitative synthesis, which comprised a total of 1625 participants, with 783 students serving within the control/comparison group. There were statistically significant and large pooled effects for MBPA effectiveness for lowering heart rate (Hedges’ g = −1.71, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): −2.43, −0.98), cortisol (Hedges’ g = −1.32, 95% CI: −2.50, −0.16), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Hedges’ g = −1.04, 95% CI: −1.53, −0.58). These effects tended to be stronger in older students compared to younger students. Most analyses were characterized as having high heterogeneity and only 10 of the 26 studies were characterized as good quality (38.4%). MBPA interventions may have a positive impact on specific physiological health markers in students, especially in students within higher education. However, higher-quality research is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Strehli
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, 250 S 1850 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (I.S.); (R.D.B.); (Y.B.); (D.H.Z.)
| | - Ryan D. Burns
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, 250 S 1850 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (I.S.); (R.D.B.); (Y.B.); (D.H.Z.)
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, 250 S 1850 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (I.S.); (R.D.B.); (Y.B.); (D.H.Z.)
| | - Donna H. Ziegenfuss
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, 250 S 1850 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (I.S.); (R.D.B.); (Y.B.); (D.H.Z.)
| | - Martin E. Block
- Department of Kinesiology, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA;
| | - Timothy A. Brusseau
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, 250 S 1850 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (I.S.); (R.D.B.); (Y.B.); (D.H.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Emotion, Respiration, and Heart Rate Variability: A Mathematical Model and Simulation Analyses. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9235008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the generation mechanism of the low-frequency (LF) component of heart rate variability (HRV) is controversial, HRV is a potential candidate in designing objective measurement methodologies for emotions. These methodologies could be valuable for several biosignal applications. Here, we have conducted a simulation analysis using a novel mathematical model that integrates emotion, respiration, the nervous system, and the cardiovascular system. Our model has well reproduced experimental results, specifically concerning HRV with respiratory sinus arrhythmia and LF, the relation between HRV total power and the respiration frequency, and the homeostatic maintenance by the baroreflex. Our model indicates the following possibilities: (i) The delay in the heart rate control process of the parasympathetic activity works as a low-pass filter and the HRV total power decreases with a higher respiration frequency; (ii) the LF component of HRV and the Mayer wave are generated as transient responses of the baroreflex feedback control to perturbations induced by an emotional stimulus; and (iii) concentration on breathing to reduce the respiration frequency can reduce LF/HF and the reduction can be fed back to the emotional status.
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Carmona F, Coneglian FS, Batista PA, Aragon DC, Angelucci MA, Martinez EZ, Pereira AMS. Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke (Verbenaceae) powdered leaves are effective in treating anxiety symptoms: A phase-2, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:112060. [PMID: 31279865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke (Verbenaceae) is a plant traditionally used as medicine for anxiety symptoms. This activity was confirmed in preclinical studies. However, its efficacy was never studied in human clinical trials. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to test the hypothesis that the herbal medicine of A. polystachya is superior to placebo for the treatment of anxiety-related symptoms in adults after 8 weeks. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase-2 clinical trial. Fifty-four adults with self-reported anxiety symptoms were randomly allocated to receive either capsules containing A. polystachya powdered leaves (300 mg, twice a day) or placebo (maltodextrin), for 8 weeks. The intensity of anxiety symptoms was assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Ranking Scale (HAM-A) at baseline and after 2, 4 and 8 weeks. All analyses were adjusted for physical activity (assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ], short version) and gender. RESULTS We confirmed the presence of acteoside (chromatographic analysis) and carvone and limonene (gas chromatography) as major constituents in our plant material. Only patients that received A. polystachya experienced a significant decrease in their HAM-A scores, with none or mild side-effects. CONCLUSION Administration of powdered leaves of A. polystachya, rich in acteoside, carvone and limonene, to adults with anxiety symptoms was significantly superior to placebo in decreasing HAM-A scores after 8 weeks. This finding confirms the ethnopharmacological use of this plant for anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Carmona
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Saraiva Coneglian
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Priscila Alves Batista
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Davi Casale Aragon
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mateus Andrea Angelucci
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
- Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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