1
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Kiba Y, Tanikawa T, Hayashi T, Yokogawa T, Sano A, Suzuki R, Kitamura M. Inhibitory effects of senkyuchachosan on SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease activity in vitro. J Nat Med 2024; 78:784-791. [PMID: 38512650 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-024-01788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Papain-like protease (PLpro) enzyme plays a vital role in viral replication as it breaks down polyproteins and disrupts the host's immune response. There are few reports on Kampo formulas that focus on PLpro activity. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of senkyuchachosan, a traditional Japanese medicine, on PLpro of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for causing COVID-19. We purified the PLpro enzyme and conducted in vitro enzymatic assays using specific substrates. Among the nine crude drugs present in senkyuchachosan, four (Cyperi Rhizoma, Schizonepetae Spica, Menthae Herba, and Camelliae sinensis Folium [CsF]) strongly inhibited PLpro activity. CsF, derived from Camellia sinensis (green tea), contains polyphenols, including catechins and tannins. To confirm that the PLpro inhibitory effects of senkyuchachosan predominantly stem from tannins, the tannins were removed from the decoction using polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP). The inhibitory effect of senkyuchachosan on PLpro activity was reduced by the removal of PVPP. In addition, the tannin fraction obtained from the CsF extracts showed significant PLpro inhibitory effects. These findings lay the groundwork for the potential development of therapeutic agents that target SARS-CoV-2 infection by intervening in proteolytic cleavage of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kiba
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1, Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanikawa
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1, Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hayashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takami Yokogawa
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1, Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Aiko Sano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1, Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1, Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Masashi Kitamura
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1, Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan.
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2
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Zhang F, Ju J, Diao H, Song J, Bian Y, Yang B. Innovative pharmacotherapy for hepatic metabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases in China. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38514420 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver disease constitutes a significant global health concern, particularly in China where it has distinctive characteristics. China grapples with a staggering 300 million cases, predominantly due to hepatitis B and metabolic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Additionally, hepatocellular carcinoma has become a prevalent which is a lethal type of cancer. Despite the scarcity of innovative treatment options, Chinese hepatologists and researchers have achieved notable breakthroughs in the prevention, diagnosis, management and treatment of liver diseases. Traditional Chinese medicines have found widespread application in the treatment of various liver ailments owing to their commendable pharmacological efficacy and minimal side effects. Furthermore, there is a growing body of research in extracellular vesicles, cell therapy and gene therapy, offering new hope in the fight against liver diseases. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiological characteristics of liver diseases and the diverse array of treatments that Chinese scholars and scientists have pursued in critical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaming Ju
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Diao
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinglun Song
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Bian
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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3
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Yamana H, Sasabuchi Y, Matsui H, Michihata N, Jo T, Yasunaga H. Maoto plus neuraminidase inhibitor versus neuraminidase inhibitor alone for reducing hospitalization in older adults with seasonal influenza. ANNALS OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 4:120-128. [PMID: 38505252 PMCID: PMC10760488 DOI: 10.37737/ace.22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maoto is a Japanese Kampo formula used for treating febrile illnesses. However, researchers have not yet clarified its effect in preventing severe influenza among older adults. We evaluated the association between the addition of maoto to a neuraminidase inhibitor in older adults and reduced hospitalization following influenza. METHODS Using a prefecture-wide health insurance claims database, we identified outpatients aged ≥60 years who were diagnosed with influenza between September 2012 and August 2017. We performed one-to-one propensity score matching between patients who received maoto in addition to a neuraminidase inhibitor and those who received a neuraminidase inhibitor alone. Hospitalization within 7 days of influenza diagnosis was compared using the McNemar's test. We performed subgroup analyses based on sex, age, and other characteristics. RESULTS We identified 57,366 eligible patients with influenza. Maoto was used in 8.1% of these patients. In 4,630 matched pairs, the 7-day hospitalization rate was 1.77% (n = 82) and 1.62% (n = 75) for patients with and without maoto, respectively; the difference between the groups was insignificant (P = 0.569). Subgroup analysis showed a tendency toward more hospitalizations within 7 days among patients aged 90 years or older who were prescribed maoto than those who were not (9.7% vs. 6.6%, P = 0.257). CONCLUSIONS Maoto use was not associated with decreased hospitalization rates in older adults with influenza. This warrants further research to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of maoto in different patient groups, particularly the oldest-old population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Yamana
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | | | - Hiroki Matsui
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo
| | - Nobuaki Michihata
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Taisuke Jo
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo
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4
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Uneda K, Kawai Y, Yamada T, Kaneko A, Saito R, Chen L, Ishigami T, Namiki T, Mitsuma T. Japanese traditional Kampo medicine bofutsushosan improves body mass index in participants with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266917. [PMID: 35417488 PMCID: PMC9007387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The number of people with obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide. Since obesity is a critical risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and mortality, the management of obesity is an urgent issue. However, anti-obesity drugs are insufficient in current clinical settings. Bofutsushosan (BTS, Fang-Feng-Tong-Sheng-San in China) is a traditional Japanese Kampo formula for patients with obesity. Recent basic studies have indicated that BTS potentially improves the pathophysiology of obesity. However, it is still unknown whether BTS clinically reduces body mass index (BMI) in patients with obesity.
Methods
We searched electronic databases, including the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Japanese/Chinese/Korean databases, on June 15, 2021. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effects of BTS on BMI, waist circumference, glycolipid metabolism, and blood pressure in participants with obesity. The primary outcome was change in BMI.
Results
We included seven studies and 679 participants (351 in the BTS group and 328 in the control group). In participants with obesity, BTS significantly reduced BMI relative to controls (mean difference, MD [95% confidence interval]: −0.52 kg/m2 [−0.86, −0.18], P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in waist circumference, glycolipid parameters, or blood pressure. Sensitivity analyses showed robust outcomes for the primary endpoint, although the heterogeneity was considerable. Moreover, no serious adverse events were observed in the BTS group.
Conclusion
BTS showed a potential benefit in safely and tolerably improving BMI in participants with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuki Kawai
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamada
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Ryuji Saito
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takao Namiki
- Department of Japanese-Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadamichi Mitsuma
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
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5
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Islam MA, Haque MA, Rahman MA, Hossen F, Reza M, Barua A, Marzan AA, Das T, Kumar Baral S, He C, Ahmed F, Bhattacharya P, Jakariya M. A Review on Measures to Rejuvenate Immune System: Natural Mode of Protection Against Coronavirus Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837290. [PMID: 35371007 PMCID: PMC8965011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a novel Corona virus strain, was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of December 16, 2021, almost 4,822,472 people had died and over 236,132,082 were infected with this lethal viral infection. It is believed that the human immune system is thought to play a critical role in the initial phase of infection when the viruses invade the host cells. Although some effective vaccines have already been on the market, researchers and many bio-pharmaceuticals are still working hard to develop a fully functional vaccine or more effective therapeutic agent against the COVID-19. Other efforts, in addition to functional vaccines, can help strengthen the immune system to defeat the corona virus infection. Herein, we have reviewed some of those proven measures, following which a more efficient immune system can be better prepared to fight viral infection. Among these, dietary supplements like- fresh vegetables and fruits offer a plentiful of vitamins and antioxidants, enabling to build of a healthy immune system. While the pharmacologically active components of medicinal plants directly aid in fighting against viral infection, supplementary supplements combined with a healthy diet will assist to regulate the immune system and will prevent viral infection. In addition, some personal habits, like- regular physical exercise, intermittent fasting, and adequate sleep, had also been proven to aid the immune system in becoming an efficient one. Maintaining each of these will strengthen the immune system, allowing innate immunity to become a more defensive and active antagonistic mechanism against corona-virus infection. However, because dietary treatments take longer to produce beneficial effects in adaptive maturation, personalized nutrition cannot be expected to have an immediate impact on the global outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aminul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.,Department of Microbiology President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Atiqul Haque
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arifur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Foysal Hossen
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mahin Reza
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Abanti Barua
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Marzan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Tuhin Das
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Cheng He
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Firoz Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- COVID-19 Research@KTH, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Md Jakariya
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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6
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LTM-TCM: A Comprehensive Database for the Linking of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Modern Medicine at Molecular and Phenotypic Levels. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Ogura K, Kadota A, Nakayama A, Kanno H, Tahara Y, Nishi A. Maoto, a traditional Japanese medicine, controls acute systemic inflammation induced by polyI:C administration through noradrenergic function. Gene 2022; 806:145921. [PMID: 34454033 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Maoto, a traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo), is widely used to treat upper respiratory tract infections, including influenza virus infection. Although maoto is known to inhibit pro-inflammatory responses in a rodent model of acute inflammation, its underlying mechanism remains to be determined. In this study, we investigated the involvement of immune responses and noradrenergic function in the inhibitory action of maoto. In a mouse model of polyI:C-induced acute inflammation, maoto was administered orally in conjunction with intraperitoneal injection of PolyI:C (6 mg/kg), and blood was collected after 2 h for measurement of plasma cytokines by ELISA. Maoto significantly decreased PolyI:C-induced TNF-α levels and increased IL-10 production. Neither pretreatment with IL-10 neutralizing antibodies nor T-cell deficiency using nude mice modified the inhibitory effect of maoto, indicating that the anti-inflammatory effects of maoto are independent of IL-10 and T cells. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of maoto on PolyI:C-induced TNF-α production were not observed in ex vivo splenocytes, suggesting that maoto does not act directly on inflammatory cells. Lastly, pretreatment with a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist partially cancelled the anti-inflammatory effects of maoto. Collectively, these results suggest that maoto mediates its anti-inflammatory effects via β-adrenergic receptors in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ephedrine/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interleukin-10/agonists
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Japan
- Male
- Medicine, Kampo/methods
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Poly I-C/administration & dosage
- Poly I-C/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ogura
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Kadota
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakayama
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kanno
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tahara
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
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8
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Advancing the Regulation of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Products: A Comparison of Five Regulatory Systems on Traditional Medicines with a Long History of Use. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5833945. [PMID: 34745290 PMCID: PMC8566035 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5833945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background An appropriate regulatory system to ensure and promote the quality, safety, and efficacy of the products of traditional medicine (TM) and complementary medicine (CM) is critical to not only public health but also economic growth. The regulatory approach and evaluation standards for TM/CM products featured with a long history of use are yet to be developed. This study aims to investigate and compare the existing regulatory approaches for TM/CM products with a long history of use. Method A mixed approach of documentary analysis involving official and legal documents from official websites, as well as a scoping review of scholarly work in scientific databases about regulatory systems of TM/CM products in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea, was employed in this study and used for comparison. Results For registration purposes, all five regulatory systems recognized the history of use as part of the totality of evidence when evaluating the safety and efficacy of TM/CM products with a long history of use. Generally, the list of classic formulas is predefined and bound to the formulas recommended in the prescribed list of ancient medical textbooks. Expedited pathways are usually in place and scientific data of nonclinical and clinical studies may be exempted. At the same time, additional restrictions with the scope of products constitute a comprehensive approach in the regulation. Quality assurance and postmarketing safety surveillance were found to be the major focus across the regulatory schemes investigated in this study. Conclusion The regulatory systems investigated in this study allow less stringent registration requirements for TM/CM products featured with a long history of use, assuming safety and efficacy to be plausible based on historic use. Considering the safety and efficacy of these products, regulatory standards should emphasize the technical requirements for quality control and postmarket surveillance.
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9
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Duan NF, Liu B, Li XN, Xiong YB, Zhang Y, Zhang C, LI L, Lu C, Lyu J. Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Patent Medicine Combined With Oseltamivir in Treatment of Children With Influenza: A meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682732. [PMID: 34421591 PMCID: PMC8377812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) have been widely used to treat children with influenza in China, with curative effects. Therefore, the efficacy and safety of such treatment require further evaluation. The present meta-analysis integrated data from several independent studies to determine overall treatment trends in children with influenza. Methods: The following databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from their inception to December 12, 2020: CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane library, and Embase. Two researchers independently extracted the data, assessed the methodological quality of the studies, and conducted a meta-analysis of the results using Review Manager 5.2. The results were assessed using forest plots, and publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot. Results: A total of 21 RCTs involving 2960 cases were included. Compared to oseltamivir alone, CPMs combined with oseltamivir reduced the duration of symptoms, including that of fever (mean difference [MD] = -0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.86 to -0.41, P < 0.00001), cough (MD = -0.82, 95% CI: -1.02 to -0.62, P < 0.00001), nasal obstruction (MD = -0.88, 95% CI: -1.15 to -0.61, P < 0.00001), and sore throat (MD = -0.92, 95% CI: -1.26 to -0.57, P < 0.00001). Combined therapy also reduced the time of viral shedding (MD = -0.53, 95% CI: -0.70 to -0.36, P < 0.00001) and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (RR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.83, P = 0.005). Conclusions: CPMs combined with oseltamivir reduced the duration of symptoms, shortened the time of viral shedding, and reduced the number of ADRs. However, these results should be considered with caution because there was marked heterogeneity and publication bias in the research data. More rigorous RCTs should be designed to verify the effect of CPMs in children with influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-fan Duan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
- China Center for Evidence Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-na Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
- China Center for Evidence Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-bai Xiong
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
- China Center for Evidence Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
- China Center for Evidence Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li LI
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
- China Center for Evidence Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
- China Center for Evidence Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jueni Lyu
- HKU Business School, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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10
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Takayama S, Namiki T, Odaguchi H, Arita R, Hisanaga A, Mitani K, Ito T. Prevention and Recovery of COVID-19 Patients With Kampo Medicine: Review of Case Reports and Ongoing Clinical Trials. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:656246. [PMID: 34248620 PMCID: PMC8261067 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.656246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread to Japan in 2020, where the number of infected patients exceeded 250,000 and COVID-related deaths exceeded 3,500 in one year. Basic guidelines for infection control were implemented in Japan, and research and development of effective drugs and vaccines were promoted. This included considering Kampo medicine, which has a long history of treating recurring emerging viral infections. Considering the characteristics of the disease (inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract as well as potential neural damage and vasculitis), Kampo medicine could be considered as a treatment strategy due to its antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects induced by multiple active substances that could aid in disease prevention and recovery. In this study, case reports on the management of COVID-19 with Kampo medicine, which were published until March 31, 2021, were reviewed. The search strategy involved the use of Medline and hand-searching. Twenty two patients were treated using Kampo medicines with or without Western medicine, based on individual conditions. On the other hand, the effects of Kampo medicines as a potential preventive treatment (pre-infection), active treatment (especially in the acute and subacute stage), or treatment of sequelae to aid recovery (after infection) in the different stages of COVID-19 are being studied as research projects in the Japan Society for Oriental Medicine (JSOM). JSOM has also organized a pioneering project of clinical trials for COVID-19, some of which are now in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takayama
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takao Namiki
- Department of Japanese-Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Odaguchi
- Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Arita
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akito Hisanaga
- Hospital Bando, Ibaraki, Japan.,Akashi Clinic Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuo Mitani
- Department of Yamato Kampo Medicine and Pharmacy Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Mitani Family Clinic, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Ti H. Phytochemical Profiles and their Anti-inflammatory Responses Against Influenza from Traditional Chinese Medicine or Herbs. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:2153-2164. [PMID: 32767941 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200807134921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or herbs are widely used in the prevention and treatment of viral infectious diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of TCMs remain largely obscure due to complicated material basis and multi-target therapeutics. TCMs have been reported to display anti-influenza activity associated with immunoregulatory mechanisms by enhancing host antiinfluenza immune responses. Previous studies have helped us understand the direct harm caused by the virus itself. In this review, we have tried to summarize recent progress in TCM-based anti-influenza research on the indirect harmful immune responses caused by influenza viruses. In particular, the phytochemicals from TCMs responsible for molecular mechanisms of action belonging to different classes, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides, have been identified and demonstrated. In addition, this review focuses on the pharmacological mechanism, e.g., inflammatory responses and the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway, which can provide a theoretical basis and approaches for TCM based anti-influenza treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ti
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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12
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Nishi A, Kaifuchi N, Shimobori C, Ohbuchi K, Iizuka S, Sugiyama A, Ogura K, Yamamoto M, Kuroki H, Nabeshima S, Yachie A, Matsuoka Y, Kitano H. Effects of maoto (ma-huang-tang) on host lipid mediator and transcriptome signature in influenza virus infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4232. [PMID: 33608574 PMCID: PMC7896050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maoto, a traditional kampo medicine, has been clinically prescribed for influenza infection and is reported to relieve symptoms and tissue damage. In this study, we evaluated the effects of maoto as an herbal multi-compound medicine on host responses in a mouse model of influenza infection. On the fifth day of oral administration to mice intranasally infected with influenza virus [A/PR/8/34 (H1N1)], maoto significantly improved survival rate, decreased viral titer, and ameliorated the infection-induced phenotype as compared with control mice. Analysis of the lung and plasma transcriptome and lipid mediator metabolite profile showed that maoto altered the profile of lipid mediators derived from ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids to restore a normal state, and significantly up-regulated the expression of macrophage- and T-cell-related genes. Collectively, these results suggest that maoto regulates the host’s inflammatory response by altering the lipid mediator profile and thereby ameliorating the symptoms of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Nishi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Noriko Kaifuchi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chika Shimobori
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiichi Iizuka
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Aiko Sugiyama
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ogura
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Haruo Kuroki
- Sotobo Children's Clinic, Medical Corporation Shigyo-No-Kai, Isumi, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Ayako Yachie
- The Systems Biology Institute, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Rahman MA, Ueda K, Honda T. A Traditional Chinese Medicine, Maoto, Suppresses Hepatitis B Virus Production. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:581345. [PMID: 33553000 PMCID: PMC7862555 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.581345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, millions of people suffer from hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, putting them at a high risk of death from liver cirrhosis and cancer. Although effective anti-HBV drugs have been developed, current drugs have some limitations, as most of them have a risk of significant side effects. Therefore, the discovery of safe and effective anti-HBV drugs is still needed. Natural compounds are considered sources of novel, safe and effective therapeutics. In this study, we screened a library of Kampos, traditional herbal medicines, for suppression of HBV production. Among them, we found that maoto reduced extracellular HBV DNA but not extracellular HBsAg during HBV infection, suggesting that it suppressed HBV production by interfering with HBV nucleocapsid incorporation into viral particles. Furthermore, we revealed that maoto reduced the expression of a host gene, Tropomyosin β chain (TPM2), whose downregulation also suppressed HBV production, similarly to maoto. Since the safety of maoto has been already confirmed, maoto can be considered a candidate anti-HBV agent if the effect is confirmed in vivo. In addition, our findings also suggest TPM2 as a novel molecular target for the development of anti-HBV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arifur Rahman
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Keiji Ueda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Yamana H, Ono S, Michihata N, Jo T, Yasunaga H. Association between Maoto Use and Hospitalization for Seasonal Influenza in a Nonelderly Cohort in Japan. Intern Med 2021; 60:3401-3408. [PMID: 34719625 PMCID: PMC8627799 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6416-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Maoto is a traditional Japanese Kampo formula used to treat influenza. However, clinical evidence for maoto has been limited to small-scale studies of its effect in alleviating symptoms. The present study evaluated whether or not the addition of maoto to a neuraminidase inhibitor was associated with a reduction in hospitalization following influenza. Methods Using the JMDC Claims Database, we identified outpatients <60 years old who were diagnosed with influenza by an antigen test from September 2013 to August 2018. One-to-five propensity score matching was conducted between patients who received maoto in addition to a neuraminidase inhibitor and those who received a neuraminidase inhibitor alone. Hospitalization within seven days of the influenza diagnosis was compared in the matched groups using the Mantel-Haenszel test. Results We identified 1.79 million cases of influenza from the database in the 5-year study period. Maoto was prescribed for 3.9% of the 1.67 million cases receiving a neuraminidase inhibitor. In the 64,613 propensity score-matched groups of patients, the 7-day hospitalization rate was 0.116% (n=75) for patients with maoto and 0.122% (n=394) for patients without maoto. The difference between these treatment groups was nonsignificant (common odds ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.22; p=0.695). Conclusion The addition of maoto to a neuraminidase inhibitor was not associated with a decrease in hospitalization among nonelderly patients with influenza. Further research is necessary to clarify the indication and efficacy of maoto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Yamana
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ono
- Department of Eat-loss Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Michihata
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Jo
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Seifert G, Jeitler M, Stange R, Michalsen A, Cramer H, Brinkhaus B, Esch T, Kerckhoff A, Paul A, Teut M, Ghadjar P, Langhorst J, Häupl T, Murthy V, Kessler CS. The Relevance of Complementary and Integrative Medicine in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Review of the Literature. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:587749. [PMID: 33363186 PMCID: PMC7761649 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.587749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic people are facing risks of adverse health effects due to the restrictions implemented such as quarantine measures, reduced social contact, and self-isolation. In this qualitative review, we collected data on potential preventive and therapeutic health benefits of Complementary and Integrative Medicine (CIM) that might be useful during the COVID-19 pandemic. We have reviewed the scientific literature to summarize CIM practices that could be beneficial for improving physical and mental health and well-being of the population under the current pandemic circumstances. It must be noted that this review is not SARS-CoV-2 specific and we explicitly do not intend to make any SARS-CoV-2 specific health claims in this article. Methods and Findings: A qualitative, non-systematic literature review was conducted in Medline to identify literature describing preventive and therapeutic CIM approaches for strengthening mental and physical health. For a variety of CIM approaches clinical evidence was identified, indicating beneficial effects. CIM approaches include specific dietary measures and selected micronutrients, physical activity, techniques from Mind-Body Medicine, single botanicals or botanical compounds, and spending time in nature among others. The effects of CIM measures on conditions like obesity and hypertension are of special relevance here, as these conditions are considered as risk factors for a severe course of COVID-19. Moreover, a possibly direct effect of CIM approaches on immune functions and clinical parameters in respiratory tract infections, such as influenza, were identified. The findings of this review could be helpful for clinicians, patients, and the general population during the current pandemic when discussing and/or considering CIM options. Conclusions: CIM offers a variety of preventive and therapeutic options for strengthening physical and mental resilience, which could also be useful in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence of CIM approaches with a potential benefit in the COVID-19 pandemic in different areas is worth to be analyzed. While this qualitative review has several obvious limitations, it might serve as useful starting point for further research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Seifert
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Otto-Heubner Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine (OHC), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Georg Seifert
| | - Michael Jeitler
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Stange
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Benno Brinkhaus
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Esch
- Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion, University Clinic for Integrative Health Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Annette Kerckhoff
- Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion, University Clinic for Integrative Health Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Anna Paul
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Teut
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pirus Ghadjar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jost Langhorst
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Klinikum Bamberg, Chair for Integrative Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Häupl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vijay Murthy
- Faculty of Medicine, Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christian S. Kessler
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Arita R, Ono R, Saito N, Takayama S, Namiki T, Ito T, Ishii T. Kakkonto, shosaikoto,
Platycodon grandiflorum
root, and gypsum (a Japanese original combination drug known as saikatsugekito): Pharmacological review of its activity against viral infections and respiratory inflammatory conditions and a discussion of its applications to
COVID
‐19. TRADITIONAL & KAMPO MEDICINE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7675610 DOI: 10.1002/tkm2.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim Traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine has been used to treat viral infectious diseases. In particular, saikatsugekito (a combination drug of kakkonto, shosaikoto, Platicodon glandiflorum root, and gypsum) has been reported to be useful during the past influenza pandemic. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has spread worldwide, causing the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) to emerge as a pandemic. In this article, we conducted a literature review on the pharmacological activities of the components present in saikatsugekito against viral infection and respiratory inflammation. Methods We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library for English articles, as well as Ichushi and J‐stage for Japanese articles. Articles published until January 1, 2000 were retrieved using the keywords ‘kakkonto’, ‘shosaikoto’, ‘Platycodon’, and ‘gypsum’. We then extracted articles on basic research investigating viral infections, inflammation, cytokine, the immune response, and lung tissue damage. Results We extracted 28 eligible articles. Kampo medicines have antiviral activities by interfering with the attachment, internalization, replication, progeny virion release, and cell‐to‐cell spreading of single‐strand RNA viruses. They also enhance the immunomodulating activities of the host, including cytokine production, regulation of multiple immune cells, and protection from lung tissue injury. Furthermore, Kampo medicine has been found to regulate body temperature and airway mucin release. Conclusion The results demonstrated that Kampo medicine has therapeutic activities against single‐strand RNA virus infections and respiratory inflammation, and may also have activities against SARS‐CoV‐2. Further research is required to investigate the activity of Kampo medicines, such as saikatsugekito, against SARS‐CoV‐2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Arita
- Department of Kampo Medicine Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
| | - Rie Ono
- Department of Kampo Medicine Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
| | - Natsumi Saito
- Department of Kampo Medicine Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
| | - Shin Takayama
- Department of Kampo Medicine Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
- Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Takao Namiki
- Department of Japanese‐Oriental (Kampo) Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | | | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Kampo Medicine Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan
- Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
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17
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Xiong Y, Li NX, Duan N, Liu B, Zhu H, Zhang C, Li L, Lu C, Huang L. Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Influenza: From Basic Science to Clinical Applications. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:575803. [PMID: 33041821 PMCID: PMC7526665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.575803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza infection is a highly contagious, acute febrile respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has dominated plenty of theoretical and practical approaches in the treatment of influenza. It is, therefore, important to highlight the effects of TCM in the clinical treatment of influenza and their impact on inhibiting the growth of this virus in laboratory experiments. We scrutinized existing evidence on whether TCM is effective in clinical applications. Moreover, we described the potential mechanisms of TCM against the influenza virus. Our findings provide analytical evidence that supports the effectiveness of TCM in treating influenza infections as well as their mechanisms against this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibai Xiong
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Xiao Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Naifang Duan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Wei W, Du H, Shao C, Zhou H, Lu Y, Yu L, Wan H, He Y. Screening of Antiviral Components of Ma Huang Tang and Investigation on the Ephedra Alkaloids Efficacy on Influenza Virus Type A. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:961. [PMID: 31551774 PMCID: PMC6747051 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Ma Huang Tang (MHT) has long been considered as a classical formula for respiratory infections like influenza, bronchitis and asthma, its chemical ingredients that really exert the main efficacy are still obscure. In this study we aimed to screen its antiviral components and investigate the potential mechanisms. The MDCK cellular research results showed that, among nine predominant ingredients of MHT, L-methylephedrin (LMEP), L-ephedrine (LEP) and D-pseudo- ephedrine (DPEP) significantly inhibited the proliferation of influenza A virus in vitro, and the inhibitory effect at 24 h after the treatment was more obvious than that at 48 h. They also significantly inhibited the mRNA expression levels of related genes in the TLR3, TLR4 and TLR7 signaling pathways, which were accompanied with the down-regulation of TNF-α level and the up-regulation of IFN-β level in the cell supernatant. Therefore, three Ephedra alkaloids exert an antiviral effect in vitro which may be closely related to the inhibition of viral replication and the modulation of inflammatory response. Animal research further indicated, at the 3rd and 7th days after infection, LEP and DPEP significantly attenuated lung injury, decreased lung index, virus load in the lung and the level of IL-1β in serum, inhibited the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, MyD88, NF-κB p65 and RIG-1 as well as the protein expression levels of TLR4, TLR7, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 and markedly increased thymus index, the level of IL-10 in serum and the mRNA expression level of IFN-γ. LEP and DPEP have certain protective effects on the influenza virus-infected mice, which may be associated with their abilities of effectively alleviating lung injury, improving the immunologic function of infected mice and adjusting the host's TLRs and RIG-1 pathways. The overall findings demonstrate that, as effective and inexpensive natural substances, Ephedra alkaloids and MHT may have potential utility in clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Du
- College of Basic, Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongyu Shao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese, Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese, Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyu Lu
- Institute of Microbiology, Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese, Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese, Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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