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Xue J, Su J, Wang X, Zhang R, Li X, Li Y, Ding Y, Chu X. Eco-Friendly and Efficient Extraction of Polysaccharides from Acanthopanax senticosus by Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent. Molecules 2024; 29:942. [PMID: 38474454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A green extraction method was developed using deep eutectic solvent extraction for the polysaccharide from Acanthopanax senticosus (A. senticosus). Among the eight types of DES prepared, the DES with a ratio of 1:4 L-malic acid to L-proline was found to be a suitable extraction solvent based on the extraction efficiency. The extraction parameters were optimized by Plackett-Burman and response surface methodology (RSM). The best extraction conditions were found for L-malic acid. Under the conditions of an L-malic acid/L-proline ratio of 1:4, ultrasonic power of 240 W, material-liquid ratio of 31.068 g/mL, water content of 32.364%, extraction time of 129.119 min, and extraction temperature of 60 °C, the extraction rate of A. senticosus polysaccharides was 35.452 ± 0.388 mg-g-1. This rate was higher than that of polysaccharides obtained by hot water extraction (13.652 ± 0.09 mg-g-1). The experimental results were best fitted by the quasi-secondary kinetic model when compared to two other kinetic models. Electron microscopic observations showed that DESs were more destructive to plant cells. The polysaccharide extracted from DESs had more monosaccharide components, a lower molecular weight, a higher antioxidant capacity, and superior anti-glycation activity compared to polysaccharides extracted from water (ASPS-PW). This study demonstrates the effectiveness of DESs in obtaining polysaccharides from A. senticosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xue
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Jianqing Su
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yi Ding
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xiuling Chu
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
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Gowda NV, Bhosale S, Kumar A. Acute Toxicity Study of 5, 11-Dihydroindolo [3, 2-ß]carbazole as per OECD Regulatory Guidelines. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2023; 20:14-20. [PMID: 35507783 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220429095155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5,11-Dihydroindolo [3, 2-ß]carbazole is one of the phytoconstituent of the Arisaema genus, which might have various important biological activities. Recently, we have predicted the antiviral potential of this phytoconstituent against the Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV). METHODS Thus, in the current study, the acute toxicity profile of 5, 11-dihydroindolo [3, 2-ß]carbazole as per OECD regulatory guidelines in female Wistar rats was evaluated. RESULTS We did not find any adverse effects, mortality, and altered behaviour in animals after administration of 5, 11-dihydroindolo [3, 2-ß] carbazole at a dose of 300 and 2000 mg/Kg. Furthermore, no significant changes in physiological and haematological parameters were observed. The histopathological study of vital organs also showed no significant changes compared to the control. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of the current investigation, 5, 11-dihydroindolo [3, 2-ß]carbazole is a safe phytoconstituent of the Arisaema genus, which can be explored for various biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navyashree V Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Raebareli), Lucknow (UP), 226002, India
| | - Shailesh Bhosale
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Raebareli), Lucknow (UP), 226002, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Raebareli), Lucknow (UP)- 226002, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
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Neuroprotective Effect of Artichoke-Based Nanoformulation in Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model: Focus on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Amyloidogenic Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101202. [PMID: 36297313 PMCID: PMC9610800 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast socio-economic impact of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has prompted the search for new neuroprotective agents with good tolerability and safety profile. With its outstanding role as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, alongside its anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, the artichoke can be implemented in a multi-targeted approach in AD therapy. Moreover, artichoke agricultural wastes can represent according to the current United Nations Sustainable Development goals an opportunity to produce medicinally valuable phenolic-rich extracts. In this context, the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS phytochemical characterization of artichoke bracts extract revealed the presence of mono- and di-caffeoylquinic acids and apigenin, luteolin, and kaempferol O-glycosides with remarkable total phenolics and flavonoids contents. A broad antioxidant spectrum was established in vitro. Artichoke-loaded, chitosan-coated, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared and characterized for their size, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, release, and ex vivo permeation and showed suitable colloidal characteristics, a controlled release profile, and promising ex vivo permeation, indicating possibly better physicochemical and biopharmaceutical parameters than free artichoke extract. The anti-Alzheimer potential of the extract and prepared SLNs was assessed in vivo in streptozotocin-induced sporadic Alzheimer mice. A great improvement in cognitive functions and spatial memory recovery, in addition to a marked reduction of the inflammatory biomarker TNF-α, β-amyloid, and tau protein levels, were observed. Significant neuroprotective efficacy in dentate Gyrus sub-regions was achieved in mice treated with free artichoke extract and to a significantly higher extent with artichoke-loaded SLNs. The results clarify the strong potential of artichoke bracts extract as a botanical anti-AD drug and will contribute to altering the future medicinal outlook of artichoke bracts previously regarded as agro-industrial waste.
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Su F, Sun Y, Zhu W, Bai C, Zhang W, Luo Y, Yang B, Kuang H, Wang Q. A comprehensive review of research progress on the genus Arisaema: Botany, uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114798. [PMID: 34780984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Arisaema belongs to the family Araceae, which includes Chinese herbal medicines with wide-ranging pharmacological functions, including those useful for the treatment of stubborn phlegm, cough, epilepsy, tetanus, snakebite, rheumatoid arthritis, and other ailments. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study aimed to comprehensively review the botany, uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, quality control and pharmacokinetics of plants in the genus Arisaema and to provide novel insights to develop future research in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information on the genus Arisaema was obtained from published scientific materials (including materials from PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, and Wiley) and other literature sources (e.g., the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2020 edition; Chinese herbal books and PhD and MSc thesis). RESULTS The application information complied with this review and included processing techniques, traditional uses, clinical applications and classic prescriptions. Approximately 260 compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saccharides, steroids, fatty acids, amino acids and volatile oils, have been separated and identified from the genus Arisaema. The isolated compounds exhibit wide-ranging pharmacological activities such as antitumor activity, analgesic and sedative activity, antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity. The toxicity and irritant impacts, quality control, and pharmacokinetics are also discussed in this review. CONCLUSIONS Plants in the genus Arisaema are valuable resources with therapeutic potential for a broad spectrum of ailments. Based on the limited literature, this review comprehensively and systematically summarizes current knowledge regarding the genus Arisaema for the first time. However, there have been insufficient studies on the active ingredients and germplasm and insufficient in-depth mechanistic studies. Therefore, isolation and identification of additional effective components and through research on the germplasm, pharmacodynamic mechanisms, and toxicology should be conducted to assess effectiveness and safety and to ensure the quality of the related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhi Su
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Material Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Material Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Material Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chenxi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Material Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wensen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Material Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yumeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Material Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Material Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Material Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Material Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 232 Outer Ring Road, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Alhazmi HA, Najmi A, Javed SA, Sultana S, Al Bratty M, Makeen HA, Meraya AM, Ahsan W, Mohan S, Taha MME, Khalid A. Medicinal Plants and Isolated Molecules Demonstrating Immunomodulation Activity as Potential Alternative Therapies for Viral Diseases Including COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637553. [PMID: 34054806 PMCID: PMC8155592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have been extensively studied since ancient times and numerous important chemical constituents with tremendous therapeutic potential are identified. Attacks of microorganisms including viruses and bacteria can be counteracted with an efficient immune system and therefore, stimulation of body’s defense mechanism against infections has been proven to be an effective approach. Polysaccharides, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and lactones are the important phytochemicals, reported to be primarily responsible for immunomodulation activity of the plants. These phytochemicals may act as lead molecules for the development of safe and effective immunomodulators as potential remedies for the prevention and cure of viral diseases. Natural products are known to primarily modulate the immune system in nonspecific ways. A number of plant-based principles have been identified and isolated with potential immunomodulation activity which justify their use in traditional folklore medicine and can form the basis of further specified research. The aim of the current review is to describe and highlight the immunomodulation potential of certain plants along with their bioactive chemical constituents. Relevant literatures of recent years were searched from commonly employed scientific databases on the basis of their ethnopharmacological use. Most of the plants displaying considerable immunomodulation activity are summarized along with their possible mechanisms. These discussions shall hopefully elicit the attention of researchers and encourage further studies on these plant-based immunomodulation products as potential therapy for the management of infectious diseases, including viral ones such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadique A Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Sultana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M E Taha
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Zahra SA, Iqbal J, Abbasi BA, Yaseen T, Hameed A, Shahbaz A, Kanwal S, Mahmood T, Ahmad P. Scanning electron microscopy of Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds and their cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition potentials. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1809-1820. [PMID: 33600024 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sophora alopecuroides L. is a highly medicinal plant. The aim of the current study was to determine the phytochemical screening, pharmacological potentials and application of scanning electron microscope (SEM) of S. alopecuroides (SA) seeds. To achieve this purpose, six different solvents were used to prepare SA seed extracts. Phytochemical and antioxidant activities were determined calorimetrically. To investigate the antidiabetic activity, α-amylase inhibition assay was determined. Brine shrimp assay was used to determine cytotoxicity potential. Anti-leishmanial potential was confirmed using MTT assay. Disc-diffusion method was used to detect protein kinase inhibitory, antibacterial and antifungal activities and showed significant results. SEM analysis was used as an identification tool. Considerable amount of phenolic and flavonoid contents were identified in methanol extract (SASM) (93.76 ± 2.71 GAE/mg) and (77 ± 3.60 QE/mg). Highest DPPH scavenging potential (82%) was reported for SASM. Significant total antioxidant capacity (90.60 ± 1.55 alpha amylase enzyme [AAE]/mg) and total reducing power (94.44 ± 1.38 AAE/mg) were determined for LOSM. Highest α-amylase inhibition was reported in SASM (78.20 ± 1.58%). Highest LD50 of brine shrimp was found for n-hexane extract (SASH) 13.03 μg/ml. All extracts showed strong anti-leishmanial activity except SASH. The seeds of SA were seen to be oblong to obovate, projections, wavy slightly straight, anticlinal wall was raised with apex acuminate. In conclusion, our experimental findings highly support the ethnomedicinal and biological potentials of the SA seeds. Moreover, SA seeds need to be explored for identification and isolation of bioactive compounds. In future, we recommend further in vivo toxicity assays and clinical efficacies to further evaluate its different biomedical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Anber Zahra
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Tabassum Yaseen
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Hameed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amir Shahbaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Kanwal
- Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Zahra SA, Iqbal J, Abbasi BA, Shahbaz A, Kanwal S, Shah SL, Ahmad P, Mahmood T. Antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidants, enzyme inhibition activities, and scanning electron microscopy of Lactuca orientalis (Boiss.) Boiss. seeds. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1284-1295. [PMID: 33400331 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactuca orientalis (Boiss.) Boiss. is one of the most frequently used ethnomedicinal plant. This research study was designed to decipher the phytochemical screening, pharmacological potential and implementation of scanning electron microscope (SEM). Six different solvents were used to prepare L. orientalis (LO) seed extracts. Phytochemical and antioxidant activities were determined calorimetrically. To investigate antidiabetic, α-amylase inhibition assay was performed. Brine shrimp assay was performed for cytotoxicity and anti-leishmanial via MTT assay. Disc-diffusion assay was performed to detect protein kinase inhibitory, antibacterial and antifungal activities. SEM was used as identification tool. Significant amount of phenolic and flavonoid content were identified in methanol extract (LOSM) (95.76 ± 3.71 GAE/mg) and (77 ± 3.60 QE/mg). Highest DPPH scavenging potential (82%) was reported for LOSM. Significant total antioxidant capacity (90.60 ± 1.55 AAE/mg) and total reducing power (94.44 ± 1.38 AAE/mg) were determined for LOSM. Highest α-amylase inhibition was found in LOSM (78.20 ± 1.58%). The highest LD50 of brine shrimp was found for n-Hexane extract (LOSH) 13.03 𝜇g/ml. All extracts showed strong anti-leishmanial activity except LOSH. L. orientalis seeds showed significant protein kinase inhibition, antibacterial and antifungal activities. The seeds of L. orientalis were seen to be oblong to obovate, projections, wavy slightly straight, anticlinal wall was raised with apex acuminate. The outer-periclinal wall convex with fine texture. In conclusion, our findings scientifically support ethnomedicinal and biological potentials of L. orientalis seeds. In future, L. orientalis seeds need to be explored for identification and isolation of bioactive compounds. The results obtained necessitate further in vivo studies to evaluate their pharmacological potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Anber Zahra
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Amir Shahbaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, Rawalpindi Women University, 6th Road, Satellite Town Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Lal Shah
- Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Navyashree V, Kant K, Kumar A. Natural chemical entities from Arisaema genus might be a promising break-through against Japanese encephalitis virus infection: a molecular docking and dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:1404-1416. [PMID: 32072856 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1731603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Navyashree
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamal Kant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology (B.I.T) Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
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