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Chen W, Liu L, Hu F. Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 39355942 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of vitamin D interventions on glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies. Serum 25(OH)D, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, fasting insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were analysed. RESULTS We identified 39 randomized controlled trials involving 2982 subjects. Results showed a significant decline in the vitamin D group, as shown by the FBG weighted mean difference (WMD; -0.49 [95% confidence interval {CI}: -0.69 to -0.28] mmol/L), HbA1c (WMD -0.30% [95% CI: -0.43 to -0.18]), HOMA-IR (WMD -0.39 [95% CI -0.64 to -0.14]) and insulin (WMD -1.31 [95% CI: -2.06 to -0.56] μIU/mL). Subgroup analyses indicated that the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control depend on the dosage and duration of supplementation, baseline 25(OH)D levels and the body mass index of patients with T2D. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation can significantly reduce serum FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and fasting insulin levels in T2D patients; the effects were especially prominent when vitamin D was given in a short-term, high dosage to patients with a vitamin D deficiency, who were overweight, or had an HbA1c of 8% or higher at baseline. Our study suggests that vitamin D supplements can be recommended as complementary treatment for T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lili Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Hamid RR, Hoseini R, Rahim HA. Impact of Combined Aerobic Training and Magnesium Supplementation on Serum Biomarkers and microRNA-155 and microRNA-21 Expression in Adipose Tissue of Type 2 Diabetic Rats: An Eight-Week Interventional Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04186-5. [PMID: 38658451 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. Aerobic training (AT) and magnesium supplementation (Mg) have both been independently shown to have beneficial effects on glucose control and insulin sensitivity in individuals with T2DM. However, the potential synergistic effects of combining AT and Mg supplementation have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week AT and Mg supplementation on serum levels of insulin, glucose, leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, as well as the expression of mir-155 and mir-21 in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of rats with T2DM. METHODS For this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were induced with T2DM by a high-fat diet combined with a low-dose streptozotocin injection. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups: AT and Mg supplementation (AT + Mg), AT (5 days/week for 8 weeks), Mg supplementation (received daily supplementation of Mg chloride), and diabetic control (C). An 8-week AT program was implemented, with gradually increasing the intensity and duration to reach 25 m/min and 60 min in the 8th week, respectively. The training intensity was set at 50-60% of VO2max. The Mg groups were provided with rat diets containing 1000 mg/kg of Mg. The AT + Mg group received both interventions, while the C group served as the untreated control. Serum biomarkers were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and VAT samples were collected for gene expression analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Serum biomarker analysis revealed that the AT + Mg group had a significant decrease in fasting insulin (p = 0.001) and serum glucose (p = 0.001), as well as an increase in adiponectin levels compared to the C group (p = 0.002). Additionally, the AT + Mg group showed a significant reduction in serum leptin, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NF-κB, as well as downregulation of mir-155 and mir-21 in the VAT compared to the other groups. The AT group also showed improvements in several parameters, while the Mg group had fewer significant differences compared to the C group. CONCLUSION The combination of AT and Mg supplementation provides a synergistic effect that improves serum biomarkers and downregulates pro-inflammatory microRNAs in the VAT of T2DM rats. Meanwhile, Mg supplementation alone does not have a significant effect on pro-inflammatory microRNAs in the VAT. These findings suggest that such combined interventions could be a promising strategy for managing T2DM, potentially ameliorating inflammatory states and improving metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Raed Hamid
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, University of Garmian, Garmian, 46021, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, P.O. Box. 0776009060, Iran
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, P.O. Box. 0776009060, Iran.
| | - Hiwa Ahmed Rahim
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, University of Halabja, Halabja, 46018, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Khaledi K, Hoseini R, Gharzi A. The impact of vitamin D on type 2 diabetes management: boosting PTP1B gene expression and physical activity benefits in rats. GENES & NUTRITION 2024; 19:4. [PMID: 38431555 PMCID: PMC10908205 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-023-00736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance. Aerobic training (AT) and vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation have been shown to individually improve glucose tolerance and diabetes-related factors. However, the impact of their combined effect on PTP1B gene expression and serum irisin in the visceral adipose tissue remains unknown. This study aims to investigate whether 8 weeks of combined AT with Vit D supplementation can improve the expression of PTP1B in adipose tissue and serum irisin in obese rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: diabetic (n = 40) and non-diabetic (ND; n = 10). The diabetic rats were further divided into four groups: aerobic training with vitamin D supplementation (D + AT + Vit D; n = 10), aerobic training only (D + AT; n = 10), vitamin D supplementation only (D + Vit D; n = 10), and control (D + C; n = 10). The D + Vit D and D + AT + Vit D groups received 5000 IU of vitamin D via injection once a week, while the D + AT and D + C groups received sesame oil. Diabetes was induced in all groups except the nondiabetic group by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin. At the end of the intervention, blood and adipose tissue samples were collected, and RNA was extracted from adipose tissue for real-time PCR analysis of PPTP1B gene expression. RESULTS There was an increase in serum Vit D and irisin levels and a decrease in HOMA-IR and PTP1B gene expression in the diabetic rat model treated with D + AT and injected with 50,000 IU/kg/week of Vit D. Comparatively, when treated with D + AT + Vit D, the downregulation of PTP1B was significantly higher (p = 0.049; p = 0.004), and there was a significant increase in irisin (p = 0.010; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The present study shows that the combined AT and Vit D supplementation positively impacts the expression of PTP1B in adipose tissue and serum irisin in rats with T2D. These findings suggest that combining AT with Vit D supplementation can provide a new and effective strategy to improve glucose tolerance and diabetes-related factors in individuals with T2D by regulating the expression of PTP1B in adipose tissue and promoting the synthesis of beneficial irisin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimya Khaledi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Gharzi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Fenercioglu AK, Gonen MS, Uzun H, Sipahioglu NT, Can G, Tas E, Kara Z, Ozkaya HM, Atukeren P. The Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Levels and Pro-Inflammatory Markers in New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1778. [PMID: 38136648 PMCID: PMC10741791 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to reveal the pro-inflammatory effects of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (Vit D) deficiency and insufficiency in new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes. We recruited 84 prediabetes patients, 94 new-onset T2DM patients and 113 healthy participants. We measured the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, ferritin, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the serum of the participants. ANOVA Bonferroni and Kruskal-Wallis Dunn tests were used to compare the inflammation markers and vitamin D levels between the groups. Based on covariance analysis with age, gender and BMI, the Vit D levels of the T2DM group were significantly lower (p < 0.003). Pro-inflammatory markers and CRP were significantly higher in prediabetic and diabetic subjects. In the prediabetes group, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and MAPK were significantly higher in those with Vit D insufficiency and deficiency groups. In the T2DM group, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, NF-κB, MAPK and CRP were significantly higher in those with Vit D insufficiency and deficiency. Our study emphasizes the pro-inflammatory effects of Vit D deficiency and insufficiency in new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysen Kutan Fenercioglu
- Department of Family Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.T.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Mustafa Sait Gonen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.G.); (Z.K.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Hafize Uzun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Atlas University, 34403 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Nurver Turfaner Sipahioglu
- Department of Family Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.T.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Gunay Can
- Department of Public Health, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ebru Tas
- Department of Family Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.T.S.); (E.T.)
- Homecare Unit, Isparta Sehit Yunus Emre State Hospital, 32300 Isparta, Turkey
| | - Zehra Kara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.G.); (Z.K.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Hande Mefkure Ozkaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.G.); (Z.K.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Pinar Atukeren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey;
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Almuraikhy S, Sellami M, Al-Amri HS, Domling A, Althani AA, Elrayess MA. Impact of Moderate Physical Activity on Inflammatory Markers and Telomere Length in Sedentary and Moderately Active Individuals with Varied Insulin Sensitivity. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5427-5438. [PMID: 38026244 PMCID: PMC10674740 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s429899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical activity-associated immune response plays a crucial role in the aging process. This study aimed to determine the impact of short-term moderate physical activity on cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers, and telomere length in lean/overweight young subjects. Methods Fasting blood samples were collected from 368 participants at Qatar Biobank. Based on their homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), participants were categorized as insulin sensitive (IS) or insulin resistant (IR). Subsequently, they were divided into four groups: sedentary IS (n = 90), sedentary IR (n = 90), moderately active IS (n = 94), and moderately active IR (n = 94). Moderate physical activity was defined as walking at least two days per week for more than 150 minutes, as determined by physical activity questionnaires. Serum samples were analyzed for circulating inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-10, IL-22, MCP-1/CCL2, TNF-α), as well as antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD and catalase). Telomere lengths were measured in the respective DNA samples. Results Moderately active IR participants exhibited significantly lower SOD activity, while catalase activity did not show significant differences. Moderately active IS participants had higher IL-6 and IL-10 levels compared to sedentary IS participants, with no significant differences observed in the IR counterparts. Telomere length did not significantly differ between the physically active and sedentary groups. Conclusion This study highlights the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects of moderate physical activity in individuals with insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance. However, no significant changes in telomere length were observed, suggesting a complex relationship between physical activity and the aging process. Further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and optimize the balance between anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation through exercise and lifestyle adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamma Almuraikhy
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadaia Saleh Al-Amri
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alexander Domling
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Asmaa A Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Dludla PV, Ziqubu K, Mabhida SE, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Hanser S, Nkambule BB, Basson AK, Pheiffer C, Tiano L, Kengne AP. Dietary Supplements Potentially Target Plasma Glutathione Levels to Improve Cardiometabolic Health in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2023; 15:944. [PMID: 36839303 PMCID: PMC9966974 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be the leading cause of death in people with diabetes mellitus. Severely suppressed intracellular antioxidant defenses, including low plasma glutathione (GSH) levels, are consistently linked with the pathological features of diabetes such as oxidative stress and inflammation. In fact, it has already been established that low plasma GSH levels are associated with increased risk of CVD in people with diabetes. Dietary supplements are widely used and may offer therapeutic benefits for people with diabetes at an increased risk of developing CVDs. However, such information remains to be thoroughly scrutinized. Hence, the current systematic review explored prominent search engines, including PubMed and Google Scholar, for updated literature from randomized clinical trials reporting on the effects of dietary supplements on plasma GSH levels in people with diabetes. Available evidence indicates that dietary supplements, such as coenzyme Q10, selenium, curcumin, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin E or D, may potentially improve cardiometabolic health in patients with diabetes. Such beneficial effects are related to enhancing plasma GSH levels and reducing cholesterol, including biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. However, available evidence is very limited and additional clinical studies are still required to validate these findings, including resolving issues related to the bioavailability of these bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3880, South Africa
| | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa
| | - Sihle E. Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | | | - Sidney Hanser
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Albertus K. Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3880, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - André P. Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
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Wronka M, Krzemińska J, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. The Influence of Lifestyle and Treatment on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415743. [PMID: 36555387 PMCID: PMC9778895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is considered a new pandemic of the modern world, and the number of sufferers is steadily increasing. Sustained hyperglycemia promotes the production of free radicals and leads to persistent, low-grade inflammation. Oxidative stress causes mitochondrial destruction, which along with activation of the hexosamine pathway, nuclear factor-κB (Nf-κb), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), c-jun NH2 terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) or toll-like receptors (TLRs), leads to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. However, there is also the protective mechanism that counteracts oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes, mitophagy, which is a mitochondrial autophagy. An important part of the strategy to control diabetes is to lead a healthy lifestyle based on, among other things, regular physical activity, giving up smoking, eating a balanced diet containing ingredients with antioxidant potential, including vegetables and fruits, and using hypoglycemic pharmacotherapy. Tobacco smoke is a recognized modifiable risk factor for many diseases including diabetes, and it has been shown that the risk of the disease increases in proportion to the intensity of smoking. Physical activity as another component of therapy can effectively reduce glucose fluctuations, and high intensity interval exercise appears to have the most beneficial effect. A proper diet not only increases cellular sensitivity to insulin, but is also able to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. Pharmacotherapy for diabetes can also affect oxidative stress and inflammation. Some oral drugs, such as metformin, pioglitazone, vildagliptin, liraglutide, and exenatide, cause a reduction in markers of oxidative stress and/or inflammation, while the new drug Imeglimin reverses pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. In studies of sitagliptin, vildagliptin and exenatide, beneficial effects on oxidative stress and inflammation were achieved by, among other things, reducing glycemic excursions. For insulin therapy, no corresponding correlation was observed. Insulin did not reduce oxidative stress parameters. There was no correlation between glucose variability and oxidative stress in patients on insulin therapy. The data used in this study were obtained by searching PubMed online databases, taking into account recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wronka
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Julia Krzemińska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(042)-6393750
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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