1
|
The chronology of collective cheating: a qualitative study of collective dishonesty in academic contexts. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCollective cheating can have serious consequences in professional and educational settings. Existing data show that collective cheating is common and that individuals cheat more when they are in groups, highlighting the existence of some collective organisation in the endeavour. However, little is known about the emergence of this behaviour and the group processing involved. Drawing on qualitative data from 20 semi-structured interviews and a thematic analysis, the present study explored collective cheating in academic contexts. Seven themes emerged that retrace the chronology of collective cheating from its beginning to its impact on the group: reasons, birth and organisation of collective cheating, risk management, concealment strategies, justifications and social impact. Participants emphasised the extrinsic benefits, the interdependence of members and the importance of existing social norms, as well as the positive valence of this kind of dishonesty. In participants' recalls, cheating together means cooperating, showing solidarity, helping and supporting each other.
Collapse
|
2
|
Özcan M, Yeniçeri N, Çekiç EG. The impact of gender and academic achievement on the violation of academic integrity for medical faculty students, a descriptive cross-sectional survey study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:427. [PMID: 31747906 PMCID: PMC6864937 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of medical faculty students about violations of academic integrity. METHOD From the whole population of the 572 students of the Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Faculty of Medicine, 271 students participated voluntarily in a descriptive cross-sectional survey. Descriptive data were recorded in the survey and a five-point Likert-type instrument, namely the Tendency towards Academic Dishonesty Scale, was used as the data collection tool in the study. The scale included 22 items' means that are considered to evaluate "Tendency towards academic dishonesty" (TTAD) score. In addition, four subscales, namely "Tendency towards cheating", "Dishonesty in works such as assignments and projects", "Tendency towards dishonesty in research and reporting processes" and "Tendency towards citation dishonesty" scores were evaluated separately. RESULTS Of the participants, 138 (53.3%) were male. TTAD scores were 2.15 ± 0.61, showing a slight tendency towards academic dishonesty, according to the scale. TTAD scores and standard deviations (SD) were 2.26 ± 0.65 and 2.04 ± 0.55 for men and women, respectively (P = 0.005). There was no difference in the TTAD scores for students whether they had read the ethics code. Significant differences were observed in the TTAD scores for students with gender, different academic achievements and in different academic years. However, when multivariate analysis was performed, the significance shown in the results disappeared. CONCLUSION In our study, a slight tendency to academic dishonesty was found for medical faculty students and there were no differences between all of the recorded individual factors of students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Müesser Özcan
- The Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical History and Ethics, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli Mahallesi Marmaris Yolu Bulvarı No:50, 48000 Menteşe, Muğla Turkey
| | - Neşe Yeniçeri
- The Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli Mahallesi Marmaris Yolu Bulvarı No:50, 48000 Menteşe, Muğla Turkey
| | - Edip Güvenç Çekiç
- The Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli Mahallesi Marmaris Yolu Bulvarı No:50, 48000 Menteşe, Muğla Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bašić Ž, Kružić I, Jerković I, Buljan I, Marušić A. Attitudes and Knowledge About Plagiarism Among University Students: Cross-Sectional Survey at the University of Split, Croatia. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2019; 25:1467-1483. [PMID: 30357562 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-018-0073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plagiarism is one of the most severe academic integrity issues. This study examined students' knowledge of and attitudes towards plagiarism, tested their ability to recognize plagiarism, and explored the association of study levels and attendance in courses dealing with referencing rules and plagiarism with students' attitudes and knowledge. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted at the University of Split, comprising the students of all schools and study levels (n = 388). Overall, results indicate the students were not very familiar with referencing rules and did not perform well on either theoretical questions or practical examples. However, they demonstrated positive attitudes towards plagiarism avoidance as well as towards compliance with academic integrity with respect to the correct use of research publications. Students' self-reported attendance in courses dealing with referencing rules and plagiarism avoidance was not associated with their knowledge of and attitudes toward plagiarism. These findings are important for a general understanding of students' attitudes, and the relation of practical and theoretical knowledge of plagiarism. Furthermore, the academic community addresses plagiarism not only as an ethical and regulatory violation but also as a direct consequence of a lack of knowledge, and of academic illiteracy. Study programs should be adjusted and long-term policies developed at all academic levels to promote a positive climate among students towards responsible academic writing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Željana Bašić
- University Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kružić
- University Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Ivan Jerković
- University Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivan Buljan
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Academic Misconduct in Nigerian Medical Schools-A Report from Focus Group Discussions among House Officers. JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC ETHICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10805-017-9294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Monteiro J, Silva-Pereira F, Severo M. Investigating the existence of social networks in cheating behaviors in medical students. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 18:193. [PMID: 30092805 PMCID: PMC6085665 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies on academic cheating rely on self-reported questionnaires and focus on the individual, overlooking cheating as a group activity. The aim of this study is to estimate the true prevalence of cheating/anomalies among medical students using a statistical index developed for this purpose, and to explore the existence of social networks between anomalies in students' results. METHODS Angoff's A index was applied to a sample of 30 written examinations, with a total of 1487 students and 7403 examinations taken, from the 2014/2015 academic year of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto to detect anomaly pairs. All analyses are within the same academic year and not across years. Through simulations, the sensitivity and specificity of the statistical method was determined, and the true prevalence of anomalies/cheating was estimated. Networks of anomaly pairs were created to search for patterns and to calculate their density. RESULTS The percentage of students who cheated at least once increased with the year of medical school, being lowest in the first year (3.4%) and highest in the fifth (17.3%). The year of medical school was associated with anomalies (p < 0.05). The network's density was also lowest in the first year (1.12E-04) and highest in the fifth (8.20E-04). The true prevalence of anomalies was estimated to be 1.85% (95%CI: 1.07-3.20%). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that some students are involved in social networks of cheating, which grow over time, resulting in an increase of anomalies/cheating in later academic years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Monteiro
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Unidade de Educação Médica, Piso 6, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Silva-Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Unidade de Educação Médica, Piso 6, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Unidade de Educação Médica, Piso 6, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abdulghani HM, Haque S, Almusalam YA, Alanezi SL, Alsulaiman YA, Irshad M, Shaik SA, Khamis N. Self-reported cheating among medical students: An alarming finding in a cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194963. [PMID: 29596538 PMCID: PMC5875787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Academic misconduct/dishonesty has become widespread behavior among many university students across the globe, and medical education is not an exception. Until recently, few efforts have been made to study the dishonest behavior in Middle-Eastern universities. This study examined the prevalence and predisposing factors of cheating among medical students in Saudi Arabia and suggests suitable preventive measures. A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted at a government medical college during the 2014–2015 academic year. The response rate was 58.5% (421/720). The overall cheating behavior practiced by the participants was 29%, predominantly by male students. High GPA scoring students were the least likely to cheat. The participants living with their families were more likely to cheat compared to those who were living apart from their families. The reasons participants gave to justify their cheating behavior included getting better grades, passing the course, and lacking preparation while still recognizing that cheating is a ‘mistake.’ Overall, significant academic misconduct concerning cheating was found among the Saudi medical students; this misconduct is alarming in a reputable government institution. The implementation of strict punishments, requiring ethical courses and creating ethical awareness by exploiting the potential of Islamic religious belief might help to control this problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Mohammad Abdulghani
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saleh Lafi Alanezi
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Irshad
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaffi Ahmed Shaik
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal Khamis
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gouveia VV, Moura HMD, Santos LCDO, Nascimento AMD, Guedes IDO, Gouveia RSV. Escala de Autorrelato de Trapaça-Admissão: Evidências de Validade Fatorial e Precisão. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/rcp.v27n1.64467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El estudio tuvo como fin adaptar al contexto brasileño la Escala de Autoinforme de Trampa- Admisión(EAT-A), reuniendo evidencias de su validez factorial y consistencia interna. Participaron 441 estudiantes (m=16 años, 54.6% del sexo femenino), divididos al azar en dos grupos. Todos respondieron a EAT-A y a preguntas demográficas. El análisis de componentes principales evidenció una estructura bifactorial, cuyos factores presentaron alfas de Cronbach (α) supe-riores a .80 (G1). Esta estructura fue corroborada por medio de análisis factorial confirmatorio (por ejemplo, CFI=.87 y RMSEA=.08). Se concluyó que esta escala se mostró psicométricamente adecuada y reunió evidencias de validez factorial y consistencia interna, y puede utilizarse para mensurar plagio en contexto académico.
Collapse
|
8
|
Đogaš V, Donev DM, Kukolja-Taradi S, Đogaš Z, Ilakovac V, Novak A, Jerončić A. No difference in the intention to engage others in academic transgression among medical students from neighboring countries: a cross-national study on medical students from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Macedonia. Croat Med J 2016; 57:381-91. [PMID: 27586553 PMCID: PMC5048230 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2016.57.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To asses if the level of intention to engage others in academic transgressions was comparable among medical students from five schools from neighboring Southern-European countries: Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia; and medical students from western EU studying at Split, Croatia. Methods Five medical schools were surveyed in 2011, with ≥87% of the targeted population sampled and a response rate of ≥76%. Students’ intention to engage a family member, friend, colleague, or a stranger in academic transgression was measured using a previously validated the Intention to Engage Others in Academic Transgression (IEOAT) questionnaire and compared with their intention to ask others for a non-academic, material favor. Data on students’ motivation measured by Work Preference Inventory scale, and general data were also collected. Multiple linear regression models of the intention to engage others in a particular behavior were developed. Results The most important determinants of the intention to engage others in academic transgression were psychological factors, such as intention to ask others for a material favor, or students’ motivation (median determinant’s β of 0.18, P ≤ 0.045 for all), whereas social and cultural factors associated with the country of origin were either weak (median β of 0.07, P ≤ 0.031) or not relevant. A significant proportion of students were aware of the ethical violations in academic transgressions (P ≤ 0.004 for all transgressions), but a large proportion of students also perceived academic cheating as a collective effort and were likely to engage people randomly (P ≤ 0.001 for all, but the most severe transgression). This collective effort was more pronounced for academic than non-academic behavior. Conclusion Culture differences among neighboring Southern-European countries were not an important determinant of the intention to engage others in academic cheating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Jerončić
- Ana Jerončić, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia,
| |
Collapse
|