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Hijazi R, Sukkarieh H, Bustami R, Khan J, Aldhalaan R. Enhancing Patient Safety: A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess Medical Interns' Attitude and Knowledge About Medication Safety in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e50505. [PMID: 38111820 PMCID: PMC10726002 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and aim Medication errors (MEs) pose a severe threat in the medical field. Since such errors are preventable, it is paramount for all healthcare workers to be educated on the matter. This study aimed to assess medical interns' attitudes and knowledge of medication safety and errors. We also aimed to validate current university programs to educate students about medication safety and errors. Methods A cross-sectional study that utilized a self-administered online questionnaire comprised 31 questions. The questionnaire was distributed via social media networks, such as WhatsApp, Twitter, email, Instagram, and Snapchat among 100 medical, pharmacy, and nursing interns in Saudi Arabia. The study population included both Saudi and non-Saudi interns. Results The majority of participants, comprising 92% (n=92), indicated that they were familiar with the definition of medication errors (ME). Additionally, 85% (n=85) expressed their willingness to report instances of MEs when medications were not prescribed but required. Moreover, 90% (n=90) of the surveyed individuals expressed their willingness to report MEs in situations where patients did not receive medications as prescribed. In cases where patients experienced harm and required treatment due to an ME, 91% (n=91) of respondents committed to reporting such incidents. A total of 52 (52%) respondents stated that they would report MEs regardless of whether they reached/harmed the patient. A good ME knowledge level was observed in 48% of respondents. A higher likelihood of good ME knowledge was significantly associated with safety reporting system (SRS) awareness and reporting MEs regardless of whether they reached/harmed the patient (p<0.05). College, awareness/attitude, or other demographic factors were not significantly related to ME knowledge (p>0.05). Conclusion This study showed that although interns in the healthcare field do have some knowledge about MEs, there is still a significant need to improve their knowledge. This can be achieved through various ways, one of which is by implementing this topic into the university curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad Hijazi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Rami Bustami
- College of Business, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Jibran Khan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, SAU
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Budakoğlu Iİ, Coşkun Ö, Kıyak YS, Uluoğlu C. Teaching rational prescribing in undergraduate medical education: a systematic search and review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:341-348. [PMID: 36622428 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-022-03448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to reveal the current status of the literature on rational prescribing training in undergraduate medical education. METHODS This study followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. An online search using 50 keywords in four databases was performed to access the studies published between 2008 and 2020. Specific features of the training such as aims or objectives of teaching, methods or model, and evaluation of effectiveness were extracted. Kirkpatrick levels were used to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching. RESULTS Of 74 studies included in the full review, 16 (21.6%) of them reported the use of WHO 6-Step Model for Rational Prescribing in their educational interventions. In terms of effectiveness, only two of the studies investigated changes in learner behavior in the context for which they are being trained, and only one study showed the effect of training on patient outcomes. CONCLUSION The evidence on the effectiveness of rational prescribing training has been presented mostly by using student satisfaction surveys and test of knowledge and skills. A higher level of evidence such as patient outcomes of the training needs to be reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işıl İrem Budakoğlu
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Gazi Üniversitesi Hastanesi E Blok 9. Kat, 06500, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Coşkun
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Gazi Üniversitesi Hastanesi E Blok 9. Kat, 06500, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Selim Kıyak
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Gazi Üniversitesi Hastanesi E Blok 9. Kat, 06500, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Uluoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Gazi Üniversitesi Hastanesi E Blok 9. Kat, 06500, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Jose J, van Eekeren R, Jimmy B. Medication safety education through games: a potential approach to educate healthcare students on adverse drug reactions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2021; 29:91-92. [PMID: 32715562 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Jose
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rike van Eekeren
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.,PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Beena Jimmy
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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Holderried F, Herrmann-Werner A, Mahling M, Holderried M, Riessen R, Zipfel S, Celebi N. Electronic charts do not facilitate the recognition of patient hazards by advanced medical students: A randomized controlled study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230522. [PMID: 32214333 PMCID: PMC7098576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chart review is an important tool to identify patient hazards. Most advanced medical students perform poorly during chart review but can learn how to identify patient hazards context-independently. Many hospitals have implemented electronic health records, which enhance patient safety but also pose challenges. We investigated whether electronic charts impair advanced medical students’ recognition of patient hazards compared with traditional paper charts. Fifth-year medical students were randomized into two equal groups. Both groups attended a lecture on patient hazards and a training session on handling electronic health records. One group reviewed an electronic chart with 12 standardized patient hazards and then reviewed another case in a paper chart; the other group reviewed the charts in reverse order. The two case scenarios (diabetes and gastrointestinal bleeding) were used as the first and second case equally often. After each case, the students were briefed about the patient safety hazards. In total, 78.5% of the students handed in their notes for evaluation. Two blinded raters independently assessed the number of patient hazards addressed in the students’ notes. For the diabetes case, the students identified a median of 4.0 hazards [25%–75% quantiles (Q25–Q75): 2.0–5.5] in the electronic chart and 5.0 hazards (Q25–Q75: 3.0–6.75) in the paper chart (equivalence testing, p = 0.005). For the gastrointestinal bleeding case, the students identified a median of 5.0 hazards (Q25–Q75: 4.0–6.0) in the electronic chart and 5.0 hazards (Q25–Q75: 3.0–6.0) in the paper chart (equivalence testing, p < 0.001). We detected no improvement between the first case [median 5.0 (Q25–Q75: 3.0–6.0)] and second case [median, 5.0 (Q25–Q75: 3.0–6.0); p < 0.001, test for equivalence]. Electronic charts do not seem to facilitate advanced medical students’ recognition of patient hazards during chart review and may impair expertise formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Holderried
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Anne Herrmann-Werner
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Mahling
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin Holderried
- Department of Quality Management, Medical and Business Development, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Reimer Riessen
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nora Celebi
- PHV Dialysis Center Waiblingen, Waiblingen, Germany
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Herrera Comoglio R. Undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacovigilance education: A proposal for appropriate curriculum content. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:779-790. [PMID: 31770452 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common, often preventable, and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Pharmacovigilance (PV) involves detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem. Education of healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in drug prescription, dispensing and administration is essential to help prevent and mitigate both ADRs and medication errors and has to be focused on 3 pivotal aspects: •Awareness: All medicines can produce adverse effects. ADRs should always be considered as part of the differential diagnosis if any new adverse condition, symptoms or signs appear after a drug administration or during or after pharmacological treatment. •Knowledge: HCPs must have a sound understanding of the most frequently prescribed drugs and over-the-counter medications, factors that make patients more likely to benefit or more susceptible to harm, as well as of causes of medication errors. •Reporting: HCPs should know how to report ADRs and the role of reporting on regulatory aspects and scientific knowledge. Undergraduate curricula must provide, at a minimum, sufficient skills that warrant the appropriate and safe prescription/dispensing/administration of medications in clinical practice, focusing both on therapeutic effects and prevention of harm. Clinical appraisal skills must include ADRs as differential diagnosis, taking accurate medication history, basic individual causality assessment, identification and proper management of ADRs, and informing patients of possible ADRs. Postgraduate periodic PV training should be mandatory as part of continuing education. Specialised postgraduate education should include advanced contents.
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Raguz Lucic N, Jakab J, Smolic M, Milas AM, Omanovic Kolaric T, Nincevic V, Bojanic K, Kralik K, Miskulin M, Wu GY, Smolic R. Primary Care Provider Counseling Practices about Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions in Croatia. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7090231. [PMID: 30135390 PMCID: PMC6162839 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prescribing medications is one of the most common medical decisions that is made by primary care providers (PCPs). In the Republic of Croatia, PCPs hold a key position in prescribing and evaluating the medications that are provided for patients. Accordingly, providing advice for patients regarding the potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is frequently the responsibility of the PCPs. The aim of the current study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and counseling practices of PCPs regarding drug interactions and adverse effects. METHODS After enrolling 195 PCPs that were selected at random, a survey was conducted while using an anonymous questionnaire that was created based on previously published studies, adjusted in a way that includes the most commonly prescribed medications in Croatia. RESULTS Of the 10 questions on knowledge about DDIs and ADRs, the median number of correct responses by PCPs was 5 (interquartile range 4 to 7). More than half of respondents (56%) agreed with the claim that knowledge of drug side effects facilitated their work in family medicine. Almost all of the respondents (92.8%) explained side effects and drug interactions to special groups of patients (pregnant women, elderly patients etc.). CONCLUSION The results show a need for additional education in the field of drug prescribing. However, PCPs were aware of the importance of counseling practices about adverse drug reactions and interactions and counseling practices among special patients populations are satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Raguz Lucic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Jelena Jakab
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Martina Smolic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Ana-Maria Milas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Tea Omanovic Kolaric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Vjera Nincevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Kristina Bojanic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Kristina Kralik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Maja Miskulin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - George Y Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
| | - Robert Smolic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Osijek University Hospital, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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O'Brien TJ, Harralson AF. Teaching students in clinical programs about pharmacogenomics: do they understand drug-drug interactions? Per Med 2018; 15:347-350. [PMID: 30047305 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2018-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Teaching the clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics to students in clinical programs first requires careful consideration of their aptitude in basic clinical pharmacologic concepts. Prior to developing training exercises on drug-gene interactions, educators must first assess student competency in identifying and managing drug-drug interactions given the similarities in identifying and managing these sources of medication error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J O'Brien
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Arthur F Harralson
- Associate Dean of ICPH Fairfax, Chair of Department of Pharmacogenomics & Professor, Shenandoah University, Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, D3323 - ICPH Fairfax, 3225 Gallows Rd, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA
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Chang X, Zhou X, Luo L, Yang C, Pan H, Zhang S. Hotspots in research on the measurement of medical students' clinical competence from 2012-2016 based on co-word analysis. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2017; 17:162. [PMID: 28899380 PMCID: PMC5596946 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-017-0999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify hotspots in research on clinical competence measurements from 2012 to 2016. METHODS The authors retrieved literature published between 2012 and 2016 from PubMed using selected medical subject headings (MeSH) terms. They used BibExcel software to generate high-frequency MeSH terms and identified hotspots by co-word analysis and cluster analysis. RESULTS The authors searched 588 related articles and identified 31 high-frequency MeSH terms. In addition, they obtained 6 groups of high-frequency MeSH terms that reflected the domain hotspots. CONCLUSIONS This study identified 6 hotspots of domain research, including studies on influencing factors and perception evaluation, improving and developing measurement tools, feedback measurement, measurement approaches based on computer simulation, the measurement of specific students in different learning phases, and the measurement of students' communication ability. All of these research topics could provide useful information for educators and researchers to continually conduct in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chang
- Department of Education, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Education, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Linzhi Luo
- Department of Education, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Chengjia Yang
- Product Management Department, China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation, Beijing, 100032 China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Education, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
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Goldberg LR, Crocombe LA. Advances in medical education and practice: role of massive open online courses. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2017; 8:603-609. [PMID: 28860891 PMCID: PMC5573056 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are increasingly available in the area of health and medicine. These MOOCs are offered through various commercial and noncommercial online platforms. When offered through reputable institutions, they can provide valuable access to reliable information without the constraints of time, geographical location, or level of education. Most current courses appear introductory in nature. In its drive for quality health care, the National Academy of Medicine has prioritized a focus on known chronic care conditions. Many of these conditions are shared internationally. Among its initiatives, the academy encourages consumer and professional groups, patients, clinicians, health care organizations, and universities to work together to identify evidence-based care processes consistent with best practices, organize major prevention programs to target key associated health risk behaviors, and develop systems to measure and evaluate improvements in the provision of patient- and family-centered health care. Carefully designed and collaboratively developed MOOCs would appear a valuable resource to contribute to these initiatives. Such MOOCs can, 1) increase the health literacy of the public with regard to the prevention and treatment of known chronic care conditions, 2) provide ready access to continuing professional, and interprofessional, education, and 3) explore innovative teaching models for student learning focused on patient- and family-centered care. MOOCs would also appear helpful to facilitate effective communication among international communities of patients and clinicians, including student clinicians, with shared interests. Further, the accumulation of MOOC data through large-scale measurement and analysis, obtained nationally and internationally, has the potential to assist in greater understanding of the risk for diseases and their prevention, with this translating into medical education, and authentic, patient- and family-centered methods for student learning. This paper explores these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonard A Crocombe
- Centre for Rural Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Maschio M, Beghi E, Casazza MML, Colicchio G, Costa C, Banfi P, Quadri S, Aloisi P, Giallonardo AT, Buttinelli C, Pauletto G, Striano S, Salmaggi A, Terenzi R, Daniele O, Crichiutti G, Paladin F, Rossi R, Prato G, Vigevano F, De Simone R, Ricci F, Saladini M, Monti F, Casellato S, Zanoni T, Giannarelli D, Avanzini G, Aguglia U. Patterns of care of brain tumor-related epilepsy. A cohort study done in Italian Epilepsy Center. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180470. [PMID: 28715490 PMCID: PMC5513411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common comorbidity in patients with brain tumors. STUDY AIMS To define characteristics of brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) patients and identify patterns of care. Nationwide, multicenter retrospective cohort study. Medical records of BTRE patients seen from 1/1/2010 to 12/31/2011, followed for at least one month were examined. Information included age, sex, tumor type/treatments, epilepsy characteristics, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Time to modify first AED due to inefficacy and/or toxicity was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify predictors of treatment outcome. Enrolled were 808 patients (447 men, 361 women) from 26 epilepsy centers. Follow-up ranged 1 to 423 months (median 18 months). 732 patients underwent surgery, 483 chemotherapy (CT), 508 radiotherapy. All patients were treated with AEDs. Levetiracetam was the most common drug. 377 patients (46.7%) were still on first drug at end of follow-up, 338 (41.8%) needed treatment modifications (uncontrolled seizures, 229; side effects, 101; poor compliance, 22). Treatment discontinuation for lack of efficacy was associated with younger age, chemotherapy, and center with <20 cases. Treatment discontinuation for side effects was associated with female sex, enzyme-inducing drugs and center with > 20 cases. About one-half of patients with BTRE were on first AED at end of follow-up. Levetiracetam was the most common drug. A non enzyme-inducing AED was followed by a lower risk of drug discontinuation for SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maschio
- UOSD di Neurologia, Centro per la Cura dell'Epilessia Tumorale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Roma, Italia
| | - Ettore Beghi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italia
| | | | | | - Cinzia Costa
- Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale SM Misericordia, Perugia, Italia
| | - Paola Banfi
- Divisione di Neurologia, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italia
| | - Stefano Quadri
- USC di Neurologia Centro Regionale Epilessia ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italia
| | - Paolo Aloisi
- UOC di Neurofisiopatogia, Centro per l'Epilessia, L'Aquila, Italia
| | | | - Carla Buttinelli
- Dipartimento di Neurologia, Università "La Sapienza", Ospedale S. Andrea, Roma, Italia
| | - Giada Pauletto
- SOC di Neurologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Udine, Udine, Italia
| | - Salvatore Striano
- Centro Epilessia, Università degli studi di Napoli "Federico II", Policlinico Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | | | | | - Ornella Daniele
- Centro per la Diagnosi e Cura dell'Epilessia, UOC Neurologia, Palermo, Italia
| | - Giovanni Crichiutti
- Clinica Pediatrica, Servizio Epilessia Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliera Università di Udine, Udine, Italia
| | - Francesco Paladin
- UOC Neurologia, Centro Epilessie, Ospedale S Giovanni e Paolo, Venezia, Italia
| | | | - Giulia Prato
- Centro Epilessie, U.O. Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Istituto Gaslini, Genova, Italia
| | - Federico Vigevano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambin Gesù, Roma, Italia
| | | | - Federica Ricci
- S.C. Neuropsichiatria Infantile, O.I.R.M., A.O. Città della salute e della scienza, Torino, Italia
| | | | - Fabrizio Monti
- Centro per la Diagnosi e Cura delle Epilessie, UOC Neurologia, Trieste, Italia
| | - Susanna Casellato
- Centro per la Diagnosi e Cura delle Epilessie dell' Età Evolutiva, UOC di NPI, AOU, Sassari, Italia
| | - Tiziano Zanoni
- UO Neurologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Integrata-Universitaria, Verona, Italia
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Unità di Biostatistica, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Roma, Italia
| | | | - Umberto Aguglia
- Centro Regionale Epilessia, Università Magna Grecia di Catanzaro, Ospedale Riuniti, Reggio Calabria, Italia
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Kramer R, Karpa K. Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Standardized Patient Case for Clerkship Students. MEDEDPORTAL : THE JOURNAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES 2017; 13:10553. [PMID: 30800755 PMCID: PMC6342158 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a common yet preventable cause of acute renal failure. With the upward trend of prescription and over-the-counter medication use, it has become increasingly important for health care professionals to not only be able to identify acute renal failure precipitated by medications, but also to recognize medications that are eliminated by the kidneys and adjust dosages accordingly to prevent further damage. METHODS In this activity, third-year clerkship medical students are presented with a standardized patient portraying an acute medical problem in which students must ascertain the underlying cause of the problem and draw from their knowledge of pharmacology, pharmacokinetic principles, and clinical therapeutics to develop a plan to address the patient's medical concerns. RESULTS We found that few students were able to identify the underlying cause of the patient's acute condition, and none were successful at applying pharmacokinetic principles appropriately. DISCUSSION Implementing this case with third-year medical students has identified the need to revisit pharmacokinetic principles in an applied setting. As a result, this topic is being added to a course that highlights the relevance of basic sciences in clinical contexts for clerkship students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Karpa
- Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine
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Karpa K, Stollar K. Medication Optimization and Patient Education in Heart Failure: A Standardized Patient Case for Clerkship Students. MEDEDPORTAL : THE JOURNAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES 2016; 12:10419. [PMID: 31008199 PMCID: PMC6464425 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure is not only a common cause of hospitalization, it is also a condition associated with a high rate of readmission following discharge to home due to several factors including complex medication regimens. Medical management of patients with heart failure involves a number of monitoring parameters of which both physicians and patients must be aware, but are often not. METHODS In this exercise, clerkship students are presented with a patient scenario in which they are tasked with optimizing medication therapy as well as providing patient education regarding medications to engage and empower the patient to adhere to the prescribed regimen. RESULTS We found that students were most successful communicating the reason why medications were prescribed. Students exhibited similar performance regarding the likelihood of providing education regarding adverse drug events that could be anticipated. On the other hand, students were much less inclined to communicate appropriate monitoring and intensification information to patients. DISCUSSION Utilizing this case with third-year medical students highlights the need for additional opportunities for students to practice medication-related communication skills. In addition to its applicability to medical students, this case may also have utility in interprofessional education activities that involve learners from pharmacy or nursing programs who will be involved with reconciling, dispensing, educating, or administering medications to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Karpa
- Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine
| | - Katie Stollar
- PharmD Candidate, Duquesne University Mylan School of Pharmacy
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