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Mitchell G, Rainey D, Healy M, Anderson T, Stark P, Kalu FA, Monaghan C, Linden MA. Employing a serious game intervention to promote adolescent school children's perceptions of nursing and midwifery professions. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:372. [PMID: 38831364 PMCID: PMC11145870 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To test a serious game intervention about nursing and midwifery perceptions among adolescent school children. BACKGROUND Nursing and midwifery professions face challenges in recruitment, with persistent gender stereotypes and a lack of clarity regarding the roles contributing to this issue. This study addresses the need for innovative approaches to reshape perceptions and encourage career exploration in adolescent school children. DESIGN Employing a pre/post-test design, this study involved 137 post-primary students aged sixteen or seventeen in the United Kingdom. METHODS Data collection occurred between November 2022 to April 2023, involving three post-primary schools. Participants engaged with a digital serious game designed to address misconceptions and promote a more accurate understanding of nursing and midwifery. Participants completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, including an adapted version of the Nursing as a Career Choice Questionnaire. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and independent groups t-tests. RESULTS The serious game intervention resulted in statistically significant improvements in students' perceptions across multiple domains. Overall, participants showed higher mean post-test scores (M = 139.57, SD = 15.10) compared to their mean pre-test score (M = 131.06, SD = 14.73) on the questionnaire. The domains of self-efficacy (p < .001), job prospects (p < .001) and social influences (p < .001) exhibited the most substantial positive changes. Female participants showed higher perceptions than males in pre- and post-tests and students from all-girls schools consistently scored higher than those from all-boys and mixed-gender schools. CONCLUSIONS A serious game about the nursing and midwifery professions appears to be capable of changing perceptions of self-efficacy and job prospects related to nursing and midwifery professions. The study suggests that a serious game intervention may have the potential to change adolescent perceptions of nursing and midwifery professions which may lead to their considering of these when making future career choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Mitchell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Debbie Rainey
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Maria Healy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Tara Anderson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Patrick Stark
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Felicity Agwu Kalu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Catherine Monaghan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mark A Linden
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Chiu HY, Chiang CM, Kang YN, Chen CC, Wu CC, Chiu YH, Tang KP, Kao CC, Wei PL. Development of a social cognitive career theory scale for measuring the intention to select surgery as a career. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21685. [PMID: 38027609 PMCID: PMC10665719 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Surgeon shortages have emerged as a prominent global issue. Although various studies have explored the factors that influence medical students in choosing surgery as a career, addressing the need for surgeons requires a multifaceted approach. However, there is currently a lack of a theoretically grounded scale to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical career development or policy promotion. Thus, this study aimed to develop a questionnaire for assessing the preference for a surgical career by adopting the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT). Materials and methods The study aimed to develop the Social Cognitive Career Theory Scale toward Surgery (SCCTSS) by adopting the framework of SCCT. The questionnaire was created through expert consensus and the content validity index (CVI) calculation. Subsequently, a pilot version of the SCCTSS was administered to 222 medical students in their clinical clerkships, and the collected data underwent item analysis. Additionally, the validation of the SCCTSS by gender was performed. Results The SCCTSS comprised 16 items that passed expert panel evaluation, with a CVI >0.8, mean ≥ 3.00, and an interquartile range ≤1. Item analysis demonstrated that the quality of the SCCTSS met the qualifying threshold. Furthermore, the SCCTSS questionnaire effectively validated gender differences in surgical career preference. Conclusions We developed an internally consistent and reliable scale and validated it through an expert panel method and feedback from medical students. Further research is required to evaluate the targeted interventions that may assist in recruiting medical students into the field of surgery through the application of the SCCTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Chiu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, No. 252, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, No. 252, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Humanities in Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, No. 250, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, No. 250, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Section 3, Keelung Rd, Da'an District, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Chiang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, No.15, Chezi Rd., Xindian Dist., 23155, Taiwan
- Professional Master Program for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-No Kang
- Department of Education and Humanities in Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, No. 250, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taiwan
- Department of Education, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Health Care Management, College of Health Technology, National Taipei University of Nursing Health Sciences, No.365, Ming-Te Rd, Peitou District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Che Chen
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, No. 252, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 252, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Wu
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, No. 252, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Humanities in Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, No. 250, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chiu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, No. 410, Boucke Building, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kung-Pei Tang
- Department of Education and Humanities in Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, No. 250, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taiwan
- Department of Early Childhood and Family Education, College of Education, National Taipei University of Education, No.134, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Kao
- Department of Education and Humanities in Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, No. 250, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, No. 252, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, No. 250, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taiwan
| | - Po-Li Wei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, No. 250, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 252, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan
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Linden MA, Mitchell G, Carlisle S, Rainey D, Mulvenna C, Monaghan C. Recruiting males to the nursing profession: acceptability testing of the 'Make a Difference with Nursing' intervention for post-primary school students. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:173. [PMID: 35786441 PMCID: PMC9251953 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nursing profession is facing a worldwide recruitment shortage which could be partially addressed by recruiting more males. However, in many developed countries numbers of male nurses have traditionally been low. To address this issue we developed and tested a post-primary school-based intervention to recruit more males into the nursing profession. Methods Participants included thirty-four female students drawn from an all-girls post-primary school, fifty-one males from an all-boys post-primary school and seven males and fifteen females drawn from a mixed gender post-primary school, all located in Northern Ireland. Participants were all sixteen years of age and were in receipt of careers education. The intervention titled ‘Make a Difference with Nursing’ was co-designed with careers teachers, nurses and post-primary school students. This video based intervention was created to fit within existing career lessons and featured nursing staff and students describing their experiences of the profession. Participants completed the six domains of Nursing as a Career Choice Questionnaire prior to viewing the intervention and again after viewing. Results Positive and statistically significant increases in perceptions of the nursing profession were found between pre and post test scores across all six domains. No statistically significant differences in perceptions were found between males and females after watching the intervention. Comparison by school type showed statistically significant differences on the domains of prior healthcare exposure (p = 0.046; 95% CI -0.19 to 3.79) and job prospects (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.04 to 7.01). Students from the all-girls school rated these more positively than those from the all-boys and mixed-gender schools. Conclusions A short video presentation to post-primary school students is capable of changing how they perceive the nursing profession. Students expressed surprise over the variety of professional nursing roles suggesting that many were not well informed about the realities of nursing. Providing tailored resources for use in careers lessons can better educate students and teachers about nursing and provide positive portrayals of male role models in the profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Linden
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Gary Mitchell
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Susan Carlisle
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Debbie Rainey
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Caroline Mulvenna
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Catherine Monaghan
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
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Bautista JR, Rosenthal S, Lin TTC, Theng YL. Psychometric evaluation of the Smartphone for Clinical Work Scale to measure nurses' use of smartphones for work purposes. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2018; 25:1018-1025. [PMID: 29788375 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocy044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study reports the development and psychometric evaluation of the Smartphone for Clinical Work Scale (SCWS) to measure nurses' use of smartphones for work purposes. Methods Items were developed based on literature review and a preliminary study. After expert consultations and pilot testing, a 20-item scale was administered in January-June 2017 to 517 staff nurses from 19 tertiary-level general hospitals in Metro Manila, Philippines. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate construct validity. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the predictive validity of SCWS on perceived work productivity. Results EFA results show that 15 out of 20 items loaded on five factors: communication with clinicians via call and text, communication with doctors via instant messaging, information seeking, communication with nurses via instant messaging, and communication with patients via call and text. CFA results suggest that the five factors that form SCWS have adequate fit to the data, thus supporting construct validity. SEM results suggest predictive validity since SCWS was positively associated with perceived work productivity. Conclusions The 15-item SCWS showed satisfactory psychometric properties for use in future studies. These studies can focus on identifying factors associated with nurses' use of smartphones for work purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Robert Bautista
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sonny Rosenthal
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Trisha Tsui-Chuan Lin
- Department of Radio and Television, College of Communication, National Chengchi University, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Leng Theng
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Wu LT, Wang W, Holroyd E, Lopez V, Liaw SY. Factors deterring dentistry, medical, pharmacy, and social science undergraduates from pursuing nursing as a healthcare career: a cross-sectional study in an Asian university. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 18:23. [PMID: 29373973 PMCID: PMC5787325 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally more registered nurses need to be recruited to meet the needs of aging populations and increased co-morbidity. Nursing recruitment remains challenging when compared to other healthcare programs. Despite healthcare students having similar motivation in joining the healthcare industry, many did not consider nursing as a career choice. This study aims to identify the deterrents to choosing nursing among healthcare undergraduates by examining the differences in the factors influencing healthcare career choices and nursing as a career choice. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted using a 35-parallel items instrument known as Healthcare Career Choice and Nursing Career Choice scale. Six hundred and four (n = 604) first year medical, pharmacy, dentistry and social science students from a university in Singapore completed the survey. RESULTS Nursing as a career was perceived by healthcare students to be more likely influenced by prior healthcare exposure, the nature of the work, job prospects, and social influences. Lack of autonomous decision making, perceived lower ability to make diagnosis, having to attend to patients' hygiene needs, engendered stigma, and lack of parental support were identified as deterring factors to choosing nursing as a career. CONCLUSION An understanding of the deterrents to choosing nursing as career allows policy makers and educational leaders to focus on recruitment strategies. These include providing more exposure to nurses' roles in early school years, helping young people to overcome the fear of providing personal hygiene care, promoting nurses' autonomous nursing practice, addressing gender stigma, and overcoming parental objection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ting Wu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD11 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Wenru Wang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD11 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Eleanor Holroyd
- Nursing Research Capacity Building, Aga Khan University, P. O. Box 8842, Kampala, Uganda East Africa
| | - Violeta Lopez
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD11 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Sok Ying Liaw
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD11 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
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