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Rafiee M, Eskandari T, Mahmood EA, Zokaei M, Falahati M, Khalilzadeh Naghneh MH. The effect of COVID-19 anxiety on nurses' productivity determinants through perceived workload and individual job performance: A Bayesian mediation analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34099. [PMID: 39149068 PMCID: PMC11324830 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to predict how COVID-19 anxiety affects productivity determinants by examining the role of perceived workload and individual job performance as mediators using Bayesian mediation analysis. To achieve the study's objectives, all nurses working at Imam Reza Hospital were recruited to participate. To gather data, all eligible and voluntary nurses were asked to complete questionnaires that included the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Individual Job Performance Questionnaire (IJPQ), NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), and Workforce Productivity Questionnaire. Of the total number of nurses employed, 222 (126 women and 96 men) nurses fully completed the questionnaires. Out of these, 140 individuals were married and 82 were single. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the age and experience were 28.56 ± 5.78 and 8.49 ± 6.50, respectively. GeNIe software version 2.0 utilized to analyze the Bayesian network. The results showed that for the high COVID-19 anxiety and high workload states, with a probability of 100 %, the probability of high evaluation and high environment increased by 16.6 % and 16.3 %, respectively, but low evaluation and low environment decreased by 22.4 % and 22 %, respectively. In the high COVID-19 anxiety and low IJP states with a probability of 100 %, most change was related to the high ability (6 % increase), low evaluation (3.9 % increase), high incentive (3.8 % increase), low ability (4.6 % decrease) and low support (2 % decrease). Regarding COVID-19 anxiety (high 100 %), workload (high 100 %) and IJP (low 100 %), most of the increase was related to high environment and high evaluation by an increase of 17.3 and 17.2 %, respectively. Also, the value of low evaluation and low environment was reduced by 24 and 23.4 %, respectively. The study's findings confirm that nurses have been more productive during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite facing high workloads and the COVID-19 anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rafiee
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Eskandari
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Evan Abdulkareem Mahmood
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Mojtaba Zokaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Mohsen Falahati
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
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Panahi-Qoloub A, Zohari Anboohi S, Nasiri M, Vasli P. The impact of the education program based on dimensions of quality of work life among emergency medical services providers. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:260. [PMID: 38419034 PMCID: PMC10903000 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of work life is a vital factor for health care providers. This study aimed to determine the impact of the education program based on dimensions of quality of work life among emergency medical services employees. METHODS The quasi-experimental study was conducted on 100 emergency medical services employees in Tehran, Iran, who were chosen using a convenience sampling method (50 in the intervention group and 50 in the control group). The information was gathered using a Demographic Questionnaire and a Walton Quality of Work Life Questionnaire with eight dimensions. The research was carried out in three stages: design, implementation, and evaluation of the education program. During the design phase, the educational needs of the participants were determined in terms of the dimensions of the quality of work life and work and total living space. The education program on work-life quality was implemented in four virtual group sessions, emphasizing the educational needs identified through uploading educational content to the WhatsApp application. The evaluation was conducted in two stages: before the education program and three months after the program. With a significance level of 0.05, the data was analyzed using SPSS version 24 software. RESULTS The results revealed that an education program on the quality of work life and its dimensions, emphasizing strategies to improve work and total living space, can improve the score of this dimension in the intra-group comparison of both the intervention and control groups (p = 0.046), as well as in the inter-group comparison, at the three-month post-intervention stage, there is a significant difference and a significant increase (p = 0.030), but it does not have a significant effect on the quality of work life and its other dimensions. CONCLUSION It is recommended that emergency medical services managers plan to improve the quality of working life of their employees, particularly in terms of work and total living space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Panahi-Qoloub
- Student Research Commitee, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Zohari Anboohi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Nasiri
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Vasli
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Vali Asr Ave., Ayatollah Hashemi-Rafsanjani Cross Road, Tehran, Iran.
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Pellikka A, Junttila K, Laukkala T, Haapa T. Nurses' perceptions of desired support from their employer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative survey study. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:128. [PMID: 38373987 PMCID: PMC10877864 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses play a crucial role in getting through the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic for nurses has been recognized, and thus, support for nurses is urgently needed. Support with various methods should help nurses' welfare and their ability to cope at work. Moreover, with appropriate support, it is possible to avoid anxiety, insomnia, or uncertainty caused by work. The aim of this study was to describe nurses' perceptions of desirable support from their employer during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This qualitative survey study is a part of a follow-up study for the entire personnel of Helsinki University Hospital. This study focuses on one open-ended question answered by nurses (n = 579) at baseline of a follow-up study. Answers were analysed using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. RESULTS The findings reveal that various types of support desired from an employer. Qualitative content analysis raised six main categories, 39 categories, 167 sub-categories and 1235 codes from the original text. Main categories were as follows: Awarding personnel, Offering safety in working conditions, Showing appreciation to personnel, Offering a variety of support methods, Providing proper flow of information and Ensuring proper management in exceptional situations. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a better understanding of nurses´ perspectives on support from their employer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of this study suggest that employers, for example, should award personnel, ensure that working conditions are safe, show more appreciation to personnel. Employers should also pay attention to offer a variety method of support and make sure that the information is provided with a proper flow. In exceptional situations is important to ensure proper management too. With appropriate support methods, employers can avoid a shortage of nurses and maintain nursing as an attractive profession in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristiina Junttila
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Nursing Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Laukkala
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toni Haapa
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Nursing Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
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Kakemam E, Maassoumi K, Azimi S, Abbasi M, Tahmasbi F, Alizadeh M. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress and associated reasons among Iranian primary healthcare workers: a mixed method study. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:40. [PMID: 38279098 PMCID: PMC10811870 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02268-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different mental disorders may be associated with many work-related factors to which primary health care workers (PHCWs) are exposed. The current research aims to measure the rates of depression, anxiety, and stress among PHCWs, and their associated causes in primary health care (PHC) settings. METHODS An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was employed in this research from January 2021 to January 2022 in Tabriz, Iran's PHC centers. First, this study followed an online-based cross-sectional survey using a self-reported questionnaire. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) and questions on demographic and work-related characteristics were completed by 303 frontline PHCWs during the quantitative phase. In the qualitative phase, a semi-structured interview was held with 12 PHCWs who had the highest level of depression, anxiety, and stress to identify the reasons and sources of mental health prevalence. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics via SPSS-26. A content analysis was performed to analyze qualitative data. RESULTS The results showed that self-reported stress, anxiety, and depression had a prevalence of 40.3%, 42.9%, and 42.6%, respectively. Symptoms of at least one mental disorder were experienced by 54% of respondents, while 28% had all three. Major sources of stress, anxiety, and depression among PHCWs were working environment conditions, organizational policies, job-related reasons, and interpersonal relations. CONCLUSIONS The results of current study indicated that PHCWs experienced high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The main factors and reasons that contributed to these mental health issues among PHCWs were work environment conditions, organizational policies, job-related reasons and interpersonal relations. Therefore, interventions should be implemented to promote mental health of PHCWs. This can include measures such as psychological screening, supportive care, workload management, flexible scheduling, and access to mental health resources. Additionally, training programs can be implemented to enhance resilience and coping skills among healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edris Kakemam
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Katayoun Maassoumi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Azimi
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Madineh Abbasi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fateme Tahmasbi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahasti Alizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Li JN, Chen XQ, Li QQ, Zheng QX, Pan YQ, Huang L, Zhu Y, Liu RL, Jiang XM. Effect of depressive symptoms on quality of work life in female nurses: a cross-sectional study using propensity score matching. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1213025. [PMID: 37779621 PMCID: PMC10534041 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1213025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Female nurses have been considered as a vulnerable population in the context of mental health, due to the nature of their work, which can be stressful and emotionally taxing. Understanding the relationship between depressive symptoms and quality of work life (QWL) can contribute to improving mental health and job performance. However, limited studies have focused on the effect of depressive symptoms on QWL in female nurses. Objectives The present study aimed to assess the effect of depressive symptoms on female nurses' QWL using propensity score matching (PSM). Methods A cross-sectional, online study using convenience sampling was conducted among 1,401 female nurses in China. PSM was used to minimize the impact of potential confounders between no depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were performed on the PSM samples to explore the effects of depressive symptoms on the QWL. Results The results revealed there were 33.5% of the female nurses reported depressive symptoms before PSM. And female nurses in this study had a moderate level of QWL before PSM (122.11 ± 18.15), which remained steady after PSM (118.33 ± 18.04). After PSM, the final sample contained 864 female nurses. Stepwise multiple linear regression results indicated that depressive symptoms were the most strongly associated with QWL (β = -0.454, p < 0.001). Conclusion This study highlights the importance of developing mental health plans and psychological interventions for female nurses to maintain mental health and QWL, which is critical to the nursing workforce's sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ning Li
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Chen
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Zheng
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Qing Pan
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Huang
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ru-Lin Liu
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiu-Min Jiang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Sun J, Sarfraz M, Asghar M. The Nexus Between Ethical Leadership and Employees' Perception of Workplace Safety During COVID-19 Under Mediation and Moderation Model. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:1815-1837. [PMID: 37719686 PMCID: PMC10505034 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s426295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Workplace safety is a crucial aspect of employee well-being and organizational success, with ethical leadership playing a key role in shaping employees' perceptions of safety. Today, the underlying mechanisms through which ethical leadership influences workplace safety perception remain underexplored, especially in the Pakistan healthcare industry. Based on the social cognitive theory, this study aims to investigate the relationship between ethical leadership and workplace safety perception and examine the mediating role of media quality, communication climate, and supervisory communication and the moderating role of moral attentiveness. Methods An empirical survey method was used to conduct the quantitative study, with respondents representing nursing staff from hospitals in Pakistan. Data was collected using an online questionnaire during COVID-19, and Smart PLS was used to analyze the data. Results The study demonstrated that ethical leadership positively and significantly affects workplace safety perception. Media quality, communication climate, and supervisory communication mediate between ethical leadership and workplace safety perception. Moral attentiveness moderates the relationship between ethical leadership and workplace safety perception. Conclusion Ethical leadership is an essential tool that improves media quality, communication climate, supervisory communication, and moral attentiveness. The article presents a novel approach to examining the relationship between ethical leadership and workers' safety perceptions under the influence of mediating and moderating variables. By better understanding these dynamics, the study contributes to developing organizational strategies to improve workplace safety and overall employee well-being. In addition, it is a pioneering study exploring ethical leadership's role in influencing workers' perceptions of safety. Overall, the study is a great initiative that fosters the ethical concepts of individuals, thus achieving health protection and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Sun
- School of Management, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muddassar Sarfraz
- School of Management, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Business School, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Winnand P, Fait Y, Ooms M, Bock A, Heitzer M, Laurentius T, Bollheimer LC, Hölzle F, Priebe JA, Modabber A. Assessment of psychological and physical stressors among nurses in different functional areas before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:257. [PMID: 37545003 PMCID: PMC10405408 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) pandemic placed a great burden on all health-care resources, especially nurses. The prevalence and underlying risk factors of affective symptoms related to the COVID-19 pandemic have been studied primarily among nurses in intensive care units (ICU) and emergency departments. The aim of this study was to identify at-risk nursing areas by examining the psychological and physical stress values of nurses in different functional areas. METHODS A questionnaire with standardized items was developed to assess psychological and physical stress values. At least 50 nurses with a minimum work experience of 3 years were recruited from the ward, outpatient clinic (OC), intermediate care (IMC) unit, and operating room (OR) of the University Hospital RWTH Aachen. The participants answered the questionnaire by referring to their perceptions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Absolute differences and relative trends in psychological and physical stress values were compared within and across functional areas. RESULTS The ward and OR nurses experienced significant increases in workload (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively) and time stressors (p < 0.001 and p = 0.043, respectively) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regardless of functional area, the nurses showed strong tendencies toward increases in subclinical affective symptoms. After adjustments for age, sex, working in a shift system, the treatment of patients with COVID-19, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on personal life, the values for working with pleasure decreased significantly among the ward (p = 0.001) and OR nurses (p = 0.009) compared with the OC nurses. In addition, the ward (p < 0.001) and OR nurses (p = 0.024) were significantly more likely to express intent to leave their profession than OC nurses. CONCLUSIONS The IMC nurses showed good adaptation to the exacerbated situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The ward nurses, followed by the OR nurses, were the most vulnerable to mental and physical exhaustion, which threatened the nurses' resilience and retention in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, intervention programs must specifically address the professional and emotional needs of ward and OR nurses to prepare the health-care system for future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Winnand
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Fait
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Ooms
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Bock
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marius Heitzer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thea Laurentius
- Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Leo Cornelius Bollheimer
- Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Janosch A Priebe
- Department of Neurology, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Management-Rise-uP, Klinikum rechts der Isar, MRI, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Modabber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
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