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Shin HD, Zaheer J, Torous J, Strudwick G. Designing Implementation Strategies for a Digital Suicide Safety Planning Intervention in a Psychiatric Emergency Department: Protocol for a Multimethod Research Project. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e50643. [PMID: 37943582 PMCID: PMC10667981 DOI: 10.2196/50643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide prevention is currently a national health priority in Canada. Emergency departments (EDs) are critical settings for suicide prevention, and in our local psychiatric ED at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, we plan to embed an app-based tool called the Hope app to support suicide safety planning intervention. The app is free and available on app stores, and usability tests have been completed. As a next step to embed this new tool into the routine clinical workflow, research is needed to assess determinants of and design strategies for implementation with the end goal of routinization. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this 2-phased research is to implement the app in the routine clinical workflow in our local psychiatric ED. The specific objectives are as follows: (1) understanding ED clinicians' perceptions and experience of implementing the app in routine practice and identifying barriers to and facilitators of implementation (phase 1) and (2) using findings and outputs from phase 1 and collaborating with service users, families, and ED clinicians to co-design implementation strategies for the app (phase 2). METHODS We will use an integrated knowledge translation approach throughout this project. In phase 1, we will conduct interviews with ED clinicians to identify implementation determinants using a behavior change framework. In phase 2, a co-design team comprising clinicians, ED service users, and families will design implementation strategies that align with the determinants identified in phase 1. RESULTS This protocol presents detailed information about the entire structure of the 2-phased research project. Ethics approval for conducting the qualitative descriptive study (phase 1) has been obtained, and the recruitment and data collection processes will be completed no later than December 2023. Ethics approval for phase 2 is underway. CONCLUSIONS Involving multiple knowledge user groups early in the research and decision-making process is crucial for successful implementation. Although co-designing is commonly practiced during innovation development, there is often a misconception that the responsibility for implementing what has been designed falls on others. This research aims to fill this methodological gap in the health informatics literature. By the end of this project, we will have developed theory-informed implementation strategies to support Centre for Addiction and Mental Health ED clinicians in adopting the Hope app to complete safety planning intervention. These strategies, guided by a behavior change framework, will target clinicians' behavior change and seamlessly integrate the app into the routine clinical workflow. In addition, this research project will provide recommendations on how to involve multiple knowledge user groups and offer insights into how the methodology used can be adapted to other areas within the health informatics literature. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/50643.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwayeon Danielle Shin
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juveria Zaheer
- Health Outcomes and Performance Evaluation (HOPE) Research Unit, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Ontario, Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Gerald Sheff and Shanitha Kachan Emergency Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gillian Strudwick
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Krahe MA, Wolski M, Mickan S, Toohey J, Scuffham P, Reilly S. Developing a strategy to improve data sharing in health research: A mixed-methods study to identify barriers and facilitators. HEALTH INF MANAG J 2023; 52:18-27. [PMID: 32367733 DOI: 10.1177/1833358320917207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data sharing presents new opportunities across the spectrum of research and is vital for science that is open, where data are easily discoverable, accessible, intelligible, reproducible, replicable and verifiable. Despite this, it is yet to become common practice. Global efforts to develop practical guidance for data sharing and open access initiatives are underway, however evidence-based studies to inform the development and implementation of effective strategies are lacking. OBJECTIVE This study sought to determine the barriers and facilitators to data sharing among health researchers and to identify the target behaviours for designing a behaviour change intervention strategy. METHOD Data were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of data management practices among health researchers from one Australian research institute. Determinants of behaviour were theoretically derived using well-established behavioural models. RESULTS Data sharing practices have been described for 77 researchers, and 6 barriers and 4 facilitators identified. The primary barriers to data sharing included perceived negative consequences and lack of competency to share data. The primary facilitators to data sharing included trust in others using the data and social influence related to public benefit. Intervention functions likely to be most effective at changing target behaviours were also identified. CONCLUSION Results of this study provide a theoretical and evidence-based process to understand the behavioural barriers and facilitators of data sharing among health researchers. IMPLICATIONS Designing interventions that specifically address target behaviours to promote data sharing are important for open researcher practices.
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Samide AJ, Morrison JM, Mills R, Collins KR, Hopkins A, Maniscalco J, Dudas RA. Feasibility and Acceptability of Virtual Rounds on an Academic Inpatient Pediatric Unit. Hosp Pediatr 2022; 12:1081-1090. [PMID: 36437226 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2022-006700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Virtual rounds enable remote participation in bedside clinical encounters. Their effects on education remain poorly characterized and limited by lack of foundational evidence establishing that this approach is welcomed among learners and educators. We assessed technical feasibility and acceptability of incorporating video conferencing into daily work rounds of pediatric residents and attending physicians. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey-based study of attending observers and pediatric residents participating in rounds both at the bedside and via video teleconferencing from September to December 2020. Participant experiences were assessed and summarized using parametric Likert-type questions regarding technical issues, efficiency, educational experience, and engagement. Associations between technical aspects and individual perceptions of virtual rounds and self-reported engagement were also measured. RESULTS Of 75 encounters, 29% experienced technical issues, 45% of which were attributable to a low-quality tablet stand. Negative impacts of virtual rounding on efficiency were reported in 6% of responses. Virtual participants were engaged (70%) and reported educational value for 65% of encounters. Comfort with virtually asking questions (odds ratio 3.3; 95% confidence interval 2.0-5.7) and performing clinical tasks for other patients (odds ratio 0.42; 95% confidence interval 0.2-0.9) were associated with engagement (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS Virtual participation in rounds was technically feasible and maintained educational value and engagement for residents in the majority of encounters, without sacrificing efficiency. Even as restrictions from the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic are lifted, this rounding model has many important applications, including increasing educational opportunities for remote learners and making multidisciplinary rounds more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Samide
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - John M Morrison
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rory Mills
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Kimberly R Collins
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Akshata Hopkins
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Jennifer Maniscalco
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert A Dudas
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Severini RDSG, Oliveira PCD, Couto TB, Simon Junior H, Andrade APMD, Nanbu DY, Farhat SCL, Schvartsman C. Fast, cheap and feasible: Implementation of pediatric telemedicine in a public hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2022; 98:183-189. [PMID: 34181889 PMCID: PMC8196314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Brazil, telemedicine was allowed as an exception during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite its recognized value and availability, telemedicine is not universally used, suggesting that some barriers prevent its adoption and acceptance within the community. This study aims to describe the implementation of a low-cost telemedicine service in a pediatric hospital in Brazil. METHOD Retrospective descriptive study reporting the first three months (April to June 2020) of the experience of implementing a low-cost telemedicine emergency care program in a public tertiary hospital. The service was available to patients up to 18 years of age enrolled in this hospital. A tool for assessing the severity of the patient was developed, the aim of standardizing the procedure, while maintaining quality and safety. Guardian's satisfaction was assessed with a questionnaire sent after teleconsultations. RESULTS 255 teleconsultations were carried out with 140 different patients. Of the total consultations, 182 were from 99 patients that had performed the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test for the new coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) or had direct contact with a person known to be positive for COVID-19. Only 26 (14%) were referred to an in-person consultation. No deaths, adverse events or delayed diagnosis were recorded. 86% of the patients who answered the satisfaction questionnaire were satisfied and 92% would use telemedicine again. CONCLUSION This study presents an innovative implementation of a telemedicine program in a public and exclusively pediatric tertiary service, serving as a reference for future implementation in other public services in Brazil and developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael da Silva Giannasi Severini
- Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Departamento de Emergência, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Carpini de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Departamento de Emergência, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomaz Bittencourt Couto
- Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Departamento de Emergência, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hany Simon Junior
- Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Departamento de Emergência, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anarella Penha Meirelles de Andrade
- Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Departamento de Emergência, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Yamamoto Nanbu
- Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Departamento de Emergência, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sylvia C L Farhat
- Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Departamento de Emergência, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Schvartsman
- Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Departamento de Emergência, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bele S, Cassidy C, Curran J, Johnson DW, Bailey JAM. Using the Theoretical Domains Framework to Identify Barriers and Enablers to Implementing a Virtual Tertiary-Regional Telemedicine Rounding and Consultation for Kids (TRaC-K) Model: Qualitative Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e28610. [PMID: 34941561 PMCID: PMC8734914 DOI: 10.2196/28610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inequities in access to health services are a global concern and a concern for Canadian populations living in rural areas. Rural children hospitalized at tertiary children’s hospitals have higher rates of medical complexity and experience more expensive hospitalizations and more frequent readmissions. The 2 tertiary pediatric hospitals in Alberta, Canada, have already been operating above capacity, but the pediatric beds at regional hospitals are underused. Such imbalance could lead to poor patient safety and increased readmission risk at tertiary pediatric hospitals and diminish the clinical exposure of regional pediatric health care providers, erode their confidence, and compel health systems to further reduce the capacity at regional sites. A Telemedicine Rounding and Consultation for Kids (TRaC-K) model was proposed to enable health care providers at Alberta Children’s Hospital to partner with their counterparts at Medicine Hat Regional Hospital to provide inpatient clinical care for pediatric patients who would otherwise have to travel or be transferred to the tertiary site. Objective The aim of this study is to identify perceived barriers and enablers to implementing the TRaC-K model. Methods This study was guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and used qualitative methods. We collected qualitative data from 42 participants from tertiary and regional hospitals through 31 semistructured interviews and 2 focus groups. These data were thematically analyzed to identify major subthemes within each TDF domain. These subthemes were further aggregated and categorized into barriers or enablers to implementing the TRaC-K model and were tabulated separately. Results Our study identified 31 subthemes in 14 TDF domains, ranging from administrative issues to specific clinical conditions. We were able to merge these subthemes into larger themes and categorize them into 4 barriers and 4 enablers. Our findings showed that the barriers were lack of awareness of telemedicine, skills to provide virtual clinical care, unclear processes and resources to support TRaC-K, and concerns about clear roles and responsibilities. The enablers were health care providers’ motivation to provide care closer to home, supporting system resource stewardship, site and practice compatibility, and motivation to strengthen tertiary–regional relationships. Conclusions This systematic inquiry into the perceived barriers and enablers to the implementation of TRaC-K helped us to gain insights from various health care providers’ and family members’ perspectives. We will use these findings to design interventions to overcome the identified barriers and harness the enablers to encourage successful implementation of TRaC-K. These findings will inform the implementation of telemedicine-based interventions in pediatric settings in other parts of Canada and beyond. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s12913-018-3859-2
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumedh Bele
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Janet Curran
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - David W Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J A Michelle Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Becker NV, Mendu ML, Martin KL, Hirner JP, Bakshi S, Carlile N. Provider experience and satisfaction with a novel 'virtual team rounding' program during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Qual Health Care 2021; 33:6332352. [PMID: 34329445 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New inpatient virtual care models have proliferated in response to the challenges presented by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, few of these programs have yet been evaluated for acceptability and feasibility. OBJECTIVE Assess feasibility and provider experience with the Virtual Team Rounding Program (VTRP), a quality improvement project developed and rapidly scaled at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, MA, in response to the surge of COVID-19 patients in the spring of 2020. METHODS We surveyed 777 inpatient providers and 41 providers who served as 'virtual rounders' regarding their experience with the program. Inpatient providers were asked about their overall satisfaction with the program, whether the program saved them time, and if so, how much and their interest in working with a similar program in the future. Providers who had worked as virtual rounders were asked about their overall satisfaction with the program, the overall difficulty of the work and their interest in participating in a similar program in the future. RESULTS We find that among both groups the program was well-received, with 72.5% of inpatient providers and 85.7% of virtual rounders reporting that they were 'satisfied' or 'very satisfied' with their experience with the program. Among inpatient providers who worked with the program, two-thirds reported the program saved them time on a daily basis. Inpatient respondents who had worked with virtual rounders were more likely to say that they would be interested in working with the VTRP in the future compared with respondents who never worked with a virtual rounder (75.3 vs 52.5%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION As the pandemic continues, rapidly implementing and studying virtual care delivery programs is crucial for hospitals and health systems. We demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of a 'virtual rounding' program assisting inpatient providers. Future work should examine the impact of these programs on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora V Becker
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Bldg 16, Rm 430W, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mallika L Mendu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kate L Martin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jesse P Hirner
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Salina Bakshi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Narath Carlile
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Chitungo I, Mhango M, Dzobo M, Denhere K, Chimene M, Musuka G, Dzinamarira T. Towards virtual doctor consultations: A call for the scale-up of telemedicine in sub-Saharan Africa during COVID-19 lockdowns and beyond. SMART HEALTH (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 21:100207. [PMID: 36570120 PMCID: PMC9757988 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhl.2021.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in adoption and implementation of mitigatory policies, including movement restrictions (lockdowns) to curb its spread. These lockdowns have brought unintended consequences such as increasing the inequalities in health delivery. In the context of these restrictions, telemedicine provides an opportunity for continuation of essential health care provision. This review aimed to map available literature on the current status of telemedicine in sub-Saharan Africa to proffer recommendations for scale up during COVID-19 and beyond. Our review highlighted the lack of meaningful investment in the area. The literature identified resistance to telemedicine, infrastructural barriers, and the lack of policy and budgetary support as main deterrents to current implementation. We recommend the region to leverage on the rapid expansion of internet and telecommunication in addition to adopting a mix of strategies to set up an infrastructure for providing scale up of telemedicine and overcome barriers to implementation. There is an urgent need for policy formulation and the provision of budgetary support through sustainable business models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Chitungo
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Investigative Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Malizgani Mhango
- School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mathias Dzobo
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Investigative Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Munashe Chimene
- COVID-19 Response Team, Chinhoyi Provincial Hospital, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Tafadzwa Dzinamarira
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa,Corresponding author. Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
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8
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Mohammed E, Khanal S, Jalal Z, Cheema E, Abutaleb MH, Paudyal V. Perceived barriers and facilitators to uptake of non-traditional roles by pharmacists in Saudi Arabia and implications for COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: a qualitative study using Theoretical Domain Framework. J Pharm Policy Pract 2021; 14:25. [PMID: 33627172 PMCID: PMC7903212 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-021-00307-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has further strengthened the need for pharmacists to uptake non-traditional roles. Pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia is emerging in recent years with greater policy emphasis on pharmacists taking new clinical roles. This study aimed to explore the experiences, perceptions and barriers of Saudi pharmacists about their uptake of non-traditional roles using Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Methods A qualitative semi-structured study using face-to-face or telephone interviews were conducted. Eligible participants included qualified pharmacists from Saudi Arabia. Interviews focused on pharmacist’s perceptions, current opportunities and key challenges towards the uptake of non-traditional roles. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Results were analysed through the framework analysis method and were later mapped with respective domains of TDF. Results A total of 14 pharmacists completed the interview (9 females and 5 males). Participants showed an overall positive attitude towards the uptake of non-traditional roles. Participants felt that there was wider support available for pharmacists at the policy level to uptake non-traditional roles. However, a need for greater recognition of roles by other healthcare professionals and patients were identified. Participants alluded to reluctance of some physicians to take on board the suggestions from a pharmacist. Key barriers to uptake of non-traditional roles were related to environmental context and resources domain of TDF. For example, participants discussed the need for even further practical experiences during their undergraduate degree to become ready to adopt non-traditional roles in clinical practice. Conclusions Participants of this theoretically informed qualitative study showed an overall positive attitude towards the way pharmacy practice is progressing in Saudi Arabia and their uptake of non-traditional roles. However, there is a need to improve interdisciplinary working, patient awareness of pharmacist competencies and their educational preparedness in furthering their uptake of non-traditional roles. Addressing such barriers and promoting uptake of novel roles by pharmacists is imperative in the context of emerging COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeman Mohammed
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sir Robert Aitken Institute for Medical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Saval Khanal
- Behavioral Science Group, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Zahraa Jalal
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sir Robert Aitken Institute for Medical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ejaz Cheema
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sir Robert Aitken Institute for Medical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mohammed H Abutaleb
- Pharmacy Department, King Fahad Central Hospital-Jazan Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vibhu Paudyal
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sir Robert Aitken Institute for Medical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Abstract
The use of telemedicine (TM) to deliver health care has been growing throughout the United States and internationally through asynchronous and synchronous technology. It has proven to be an effective way of delivering health care at a distance. There are multiple ways that a practice can offer these services, from direct-to-consumer to consultations in ambulatory or inpatient services. TM can be used to deliver care in homes, schools, and virtually anywhere that a patient and provider can access technology. For rural communities, emergency departments and inpatient specialty consults that were not available previously are now routine. TM also has been proven to be effective in decreasing costs to patients and increasing access in pediatrics while providing high degrees of satisfaction among patients and providers. [Pediatr Ann. 2019;48(12):e479-e484.].
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