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Nteziryayo D, Wang J, Qian H, An R, Baoyao G, Liu H, Liang M, Liu X, Li T, Uwiragiye J, Joseph P. Forensic significance of VOCs profiling in decayed ante- and post-mortem injuries by GC×GC-TOF/MS. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2024:10.1007/s12024-024-00843-2. [PMID: 39002063 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Accurately identifying and differentiating the types of injuries in decomposed corpses is a major challenge in forensic identification. Forensic investigations involving decomposed cadavers pose challenges in determining the cause of death. Traditional methods often lack conclusive evidence. However, the implementation of advanced analytical techniques, such as comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF/MS), shows promise in overcoming these limitations, but the potential in this area remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to bridge this gap by exploring the potential of GC × GC-TOF/MS in the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) changes within decaying ante- and post-mortem injuries.The research emphasizes the forensic significance of VOCs changes in decomposed cadavers. We used GC × GC-TOF/MS analysis to identify the specific volatile compounds in putrefied corpse tissue samples from mice. The GC × GC-TOF/MS analysis results showed that under winter conditions, PC1 explained 57.16% of the variance, and PC2 explained 25.23% of the variance; while under summer conditions, PC1 explained 71.89% of the variance, and PC2 explained 24.49% of the variance. This demonstrates the potential of GC × GC-TOF/MS in identifying specific VOCs present in tissue samples that can serve as potential biomarkers for distinguishing between antemortem and postmortem injury. GC × GC-TOF/MS analysis revealed distinct VOC patterns in both conditions. Comprehensive use of GC × GC-TOF/MS analysis enhances accuracy in identifying and characterizing ante- and post-mortem injuries in decomposed cadavers. This study can significantly contribute to the field of forensic medicine and improve the accuracy of forensic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damascene Nteziryayo
- Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bio‑Evidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Forensic Pathology, College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta Road W.76, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta Road W.76, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Qian
- Department of Forensic Pathology, College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta Road W.76, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran An
- Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bio‑Evidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao Baoyao
- Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bio‑Evidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Department of Forensic Pathology, College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta Road W.76, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta Road W.76, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinshe Liu
- Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bio‑Evidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Forensic Pathology, College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta Road W.76, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bio‑Evidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Forensic Pathology, College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta Road W.76, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jeannette Uwiragiye
- Department of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Evolution, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Phazha Joseph
- Institute of Forensic Injury, Institute of Forensic Bio‑Evidence, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Chemical and Forensic Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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Mirani N, Ayatollahi H, Khorasani-Zavareh D, Zeraatkar K. Emergency department-based injury surveillance information system: a conceptual model. BMC Emerg Med 2023; 23:61. [PMID: 37259025 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-023-00831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury data play a pivotal role in monitoring public health issues and Injury Surveillance Information Systems (ISIS) are useful for continuous data collection and analysis purposes. Since emergency department (ED) is usually the first place of referral for the injured people, the aim of this study was to develop a conceptual model for an ED-based ISIS. METHODS This study was completed in 2020 and the Delphi technique (three rounds) was used to determine the main components of an ED-based ISIS. The participants were selected using the purposive sampling method. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was used for data collection and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS In the first, second, and third rounds of the Delphi study, 60, 44, and 28 experts participated, respectively. In the first and second rounds, most of the items including the personal data, clinical data, data sources, and system functions were found important. In the third round of the Delphi study, 13 items which did not reach a consensus in the previous rounds were questioned again and five items were removed from the final model. CONCLUSION According to the findings, various data elements and functions could be considered for designing an ED-based ISIS and a number of data sources should be taken into count to be integrated with this system. Although the conceptual model presented in the present study can facilitate designing the actual system, the final system needs to be implemented and used in practice to determine how it can meet users' requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Mirani
- Department of Health Tourism, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Haleh Ayatollahi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1996713883, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, H1, Sweden
| | - Kimia Zeraatkar
- Education Development Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Establishing Pediatric Trauma Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. CURRENT TRAUMA REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40719-023-00252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Gong H, Wang Y, Li Y, Ye P, Xie L, Lu G, Liu J, Song J, Zhai X, Xu H, Duan L. Development of a core dataset for child injury surveillance: a modified Delphi study in China. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:970867. [PMID: 37187581 PMCID: PMC10175816 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.970867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the occurrence and severity of child injuries is the cornerstone of preventing child injuries. Currently, there is no standardized child injury surveillance dataset in China. Methods Multistage consultation by a panel of Chinese experts in child injury to determine items to include in the core dataset (CDS) was performed. The experts participated in two rounds of the modified Delphi method comprising a consultation questionnaire investigation (Round 1) and a face-to-face panel discussion (Round 2). Final consensus was established based on the opinions of the experts regarding the modified CDS information collection items. Enthusiasm and authority exhibited by the experts were evaluated by the response rate and using the expert authority coefficient, respectively. Results The expert panel included 16 experts in Round 1 and 15 experts in Round 2. The experts during both rounds had a high degree of authority, with an average authority coefficient of 0.86. The enthusiasm of the experts was 94.12%, and the proportion of suggestions reached 81.25% in Round 1 of the modified Delphi method. The draft CDS evaluated in Round 1 included 24 items, and expert panelists could submit recommendations to add items. Based on findings in Round 1, four additional items, including nationality, residence, type of family residence, and primary caregiver were added to the draft of the CDS for Round 2. After Round 2, consensus was reached on 32 items arranged into four domains-general demographic information, injury characteristics, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and injury outcome-to include in the final CDS. Conclusion The development of a child injury surveillance CDS could contribute to standardized data collection, collation, and analysis. The CDS developed here could be used to identify actionable characteristics of child injury to assist health policymakers in designing evidence-based injury prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Gong
- Emergency Department Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition New Hong Qiao Campus for Children's Hospital of Fudan University, ShanghaiChina
| | - Pengpeng Ye
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xie
- Clinical Research Institute School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Lu
- Emergency Department Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Emergency Department Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Song
- Emergency Department Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhai
- Emergency Department Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Emergency Department Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence: Hong Xu Leilei Duan
| | - Leilei Duan
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Hong Xu Leilei Duan
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Khadka A, Parkin J, Pilkington P, Joshi SK, Mytton J. Completeness of police reporting of traffic crashes in Nepal: Evaluation using a community crash recording system. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2022; 23:79-84. [PMID: 35030051 PMCID: PMC8862739 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2021.2012766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate road crash reporting is essential for evaluating road safety interventions and plans. Under-reporting of road traffic crashes, injuries, and fatalities in police records has been widely described. The aim of this study was to apply and evaluate a community crash recording system, and assess the quality of the data in comparison with traffic police data in Nepal. METHODS The crash data collection methodology involved recruiting Local Record Keepers working and living at locations known to be at a high risk of crashes. Six shopkeepers were recruited at three crash locations and trained to complete collision incident forms for crashes occurring over one year on the section of road visible from their premises. Manual traffic volume and pedestrian counts, and spot speed surveys were conducted. Data were compared with District police records for the same period and locations. RESULTS Over 12 months, 110 crashes were recorded by the Local Record Keepers. Of these, 70 resulted in 145 injuries (5 fatalities, 62 severe, and 78 minor injuries), while 40 resulted only in property damage. Comparable police data recorded 23 crashes, of which 18 crashes resulted in 27 injuries (8 fatalities, 13 serious, and 6 minor injuries), and 5 crashes in property damage only. The difference in recording of fatal and serious injuries was statistically significant (χ2(1) = 19.94, p < 0.001). The police reporting rate was highest for fatalities (62.5%) but only 11.6% and 7.1% for property damage cases and minor injuries respectively, and 3.8% for single-vehicle crashes. Compared to the Local Record Keeper data, the overall police crash reporting rate was 19.7%. CONCLUSIONS Local Record Keepers' recording of road traffic crashes and casualties is feasible and provides a more complete record than routinely collected police data. The low reporting rate in the police records of minor injury, property damage, and single-vehicle crashes suggest significant underestimation and bias in the reporting of the actual burden of road traffic crashes. Local Record Keeper recording is a viable method for validating police reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Khadka
- Nepal Injury Research Centre, Kathmandu Medical College Public Limited, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - John Parkin
- Centre for Transport and Society, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul Pilkington
- Centre for Academic Child Health (CACH), University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Nepal Injury Research Centre, Kathmandu Medical College Public Limited, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Julie Mytton
- Centre for Academic Child Health (CACH), University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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The Epidemiology of Injuries in Adults in Nepal: Findings from a Hospital-Based Injury Surveillance Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312701. [PMID: 34886427 PMCID: PMC8656929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a model of hospital-based injury surveillance and describe the epidemiology of injuries in adults. One-year prospective surveillance was conducted in two hospitals in Hetauda, Nepal. Data were collected electronically for patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with injuries between April 2019 and March 2020. To evaluate the model’s sustainability, clinical leaders, senior managers, data collectors, and study coordinators were interviewed. The total number of patients with injuries over one year was 10,154, representing 30.7% of all patients visiting the EDs. Of patients with injuries, 7458 (73.4%) were adults aged 18 years and over. Most injuries (6434, 86%) were unintentional, with smaller proportions due to assault (616, 8.2%) and self-harm (408, 5.5%). The median age of adult patients was 33 years (IQR 25–47). Males had twice the rate of ED presentation compared with females (40.4 vs. 20.9/1000). The most common causes were road traffic accidents (32.8%), falls (25.4%), and animal/insect related injuries (20.1%). Most injured patients were discharged after treatment (80%) with 9.1% admitted to hospital, 8.1% transferred to other hospitals, and 2.1% died. In Nepal, hospital-based injury surveillance is feasible, and rich injury data can be obtained by embedding data collectors in EDs.
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Magnus D, Bhatta S, Mytton J, Joshi E, Bhatta S, Manandhar S, Joshi S. Epidemiology of paediatric injuries in Nepal: evidence from emergency department injury surveillance. Arch Dis Child 2021; 106:1050-1055. [PMID: 34462264 PMCID: PMC8543225 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-321198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, injuries cause >5 million deaths annually and children and young people are particularly vulnerable. Injuries are the leading cause of death in people aged 5-24 years and a leading cause of disability. In most low-income and middle-income countries where the majority of global child injury burden occurs, systems for routinely collecting injury data are limited. METHODS A new model of injury surveillance for use in emergency departments in Nepal was designed and piloted. Data from patients presenting with injuries were collected prospectively over 12 months and used to describe the epidemiology of paediatric injury presentations. RESULTS The total number of children <18 years of age presenting with injury was 2696, representing 27% of all patients presenting with injuries enrolled. Most injuries in children presenting to the emergency departments in this study were unintentional and over half of children were <10 years of age. Falls, animal bites/stings and road traffic injuries accounted for nearly 75% of all injuries with poisonings, burns and drownings presenting proportionately less often. Over half of injuries were cuts, bites and open wounds. In-hospital child mortality from injury was 1%. CONCLUSION Injuries affecting children in Nepal represent a significant burden. The data on injuries observed from falls, road traffic injuries and injuries related to animals suggest potential areas for injury prevention. This is the biggest prospective injury surveillance study in Nepal in recent years and supports the case for using injury surveillance to monitor child morbidity and mortality through improved data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Magnus
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Santosh Bhatta
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Julie Mytton
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Elisha Joshi
- Nepal Injury Research Centre, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sumiksha Bhatta
- Nepal Injury Research Centre, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Sunil Joshi
- Nepal Injury Research Centre, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
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