1
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Li M, Guo H, Carey M, Huang C. Transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulation impairs generation of proliferative neural stem and progenitor cells during brain aging. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:62-79. [PMID: 38177329 PMCID: PMC10947366 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The decline in stem cell function during aging may affect the regenerative capacity of mammalian organisms; however, the gene regulatory mechanism underlying this decline remains unclear. Here we show that the aging of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) in the male mouse brain is characterized by a decrease in the generation efficacy of proliferative NSPCs rather than the changes in lineage specificity of NSPCs. We reveal that the downregulation of age-dependent genes in NSPCs drives cell aging by decreasing the population of actively proliferating NSPCs while increasing the expression of quiescence markers. We found that epigenetic deregulation of the MLL complex at promoters leads to transcriptional inactivation of age-dependent genes, highlighting the importance of the dynamic interaction between histone modifiers and gene regulatory elements in regulating transcriptional program of aging cells. Our study sheds light on the key intrinsic mechanisms driving stem cell aging through epigenetic regulators and identifies potential rejuvenation targets that could restore the function of aging stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyang Li
- Center for Neurobiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hongzhi Guo
- Center for Neurobiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Michael Carey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Chengyang Huang
- Center for Neurobiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Alibardi L. Immunolocalization of lix1 in the regenerating tail of lizard indicates that the protein is mainly present in the nervous tissue. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152113. [PMID: 37948784 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lizard regeneration derives from the re-activation of a number of developmental genes after tail amputation. Among genes with the highest expression, as indicated from the transcriptome, is lix1 which functional role is not known. METHOD An antibody that cross-reacts with the lizard Podarcis muralis lix1 has been utilized to detect by immunofluorescence the sites of localization of the protein in the regenerating tail. RESULTS Lix1-protein is almost exclusively localized in the regenerating spinal cord (ependyma) and nerves growing into the blastema, in sparse blastema cells but is undetectable in other tissues. CONCLUSIONS Since the spinal cord is essential to stimulate tail regeneration it is hypothesized that the lix1 protein is part of the signaling or growing factors produced from the regenerating spinal cord that are needed for tail regeneration of the lizard tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Alibardi
- Comparative Histolab Padova and Department of Biology of the University of Bologna, Italy.
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3
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Viti F, De Giorgio R, Ceccherini I, Ahluwalia A, Alves MM, Baldo C, Baldussi G, Bonora E, Borrelli O, Dall'Oglio L, De Coppi P, De Filippo C, de Santa Barbara P, Diamanti A, Di Lorenzo C, Di Maulo R, Galeone A, Gandullia P, Hashmi SK, Lacaille F, Lancon L, Leone S, Mahé MM, Molnar MJ, Palmitelli A, Perin S, Prato AP, Thapar N, Vassalli M, Heuckeroth RO. Multi-disciplinary Insights from the First European Forum on Visceral Myopathy 2022 Meeting. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:3857-3871. [PMID: 37650948 PMCID: PMC10517037 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Visceral myopathy is a rare, life-threatening disease linked to identified genetic mutations in 60% of cases. Mostly due to the dearth of knowledge regarding its pathogenesis, effective treatments are lacking. The disease is most commonly diagnosed in children with recurrent or persistent disabling episodes of functional intestinal obstruction, which can be life threatening, often requiring long-term parenteral or specialized enteral nutritional support. Although these interventions are undisputedly life-saving as they allow affected individuals to avoid malnutrition and related complications, they also seriously compromise their quality of life and can carry the risk of sepsis and thrombosis. Animal models for visceral myopathy, which could be crucial for advancing the scientific knowledge of this condition, are scarce. Clearly, a collaborative network is needed to develop research plans to clarify genotype-phenotype correlations and unravel molecular mechanisms to provide targeted therapeutic strategies. This paper represents a summary report of the first 'European Forum on Visceral Myopathy'. This forum was attended by an international interdisciplinary working group that met to better understand visceral myopathy and foster interaction among scientists actively involved in the field and clinicians who specialize in care of people with visceral myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Viti
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Arti Ahluwalia
- Centro di Ricerca 'E. Piaggio' and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria M Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Baldo
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Pediatric Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giannina Baldussi
- 'Uniti per la P.I.P.O.' Patient Advocacy Organization, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Bonora
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Borrelli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Luigi Dall'Oglio
- Digestive Surgery and Endoscopy, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Pediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Carlotta De Filippo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology of the National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pascal de Santa Barbara
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Carlo Di Lorenzo
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Paolo Gandullia
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Pediatric Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sohaib K Hashmi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Florence Lacaille
- Pediatric Gastroenterology-Hepatology-Nutrition, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Lancon
- 'Association des POIC' Patient Advocacy Organization, Marseille, France
| | - Salvatore Leone
- AMICI ETS, Associazione Nazionale per le Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche dell'Intestino, Milan, Italy
| | - Maxime M Mahé
- Nantes Université, INSERM, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Silvia Perin
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessio Pini Prato
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, 'St. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo' Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Nikhil Thapar
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplant, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Woolworths Centre for Child Nutrition Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert O Heuckeroth
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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4
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Ruiz-Demoulin S, Trenquier E, Dekkar S, Deshayes S, Boisguérin P, Serrano C, de Santa Barbara P, Faure S. LIX1 Controls MAPK Signaling Reactivation and Contributes to GIST-T1 Cell Resistance to Imatinib. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087138. [PMID: 37108337 PMCID: PMC10138740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), the most common sarcoma, is mainly caused by an oncogenic mutation in the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase. Targeting KIT using tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib and sunitinib, provides substantial benefit; however, in most patients, the disease will eventually progress due to KIT secondary mutations leading to treatment failure. Understanding how GIST cells initially adapt to KIT inhibition should guide the selection of appropriate therapies to overcome the emergence of resistance. Several mechanisms have been broadly implicated in the resistance to imatinib anti-tumoral effects, including the reactivation of MAPK signaling upon KIT/PDGFRA targeted inhibition. This study provides evidence that LImb eXpression 1 (LIX1), a protein we identified as a regulator of the Hippo transducers YAP1 and TAZ, is upregulated upon imatinib or sunitinib treatment. LIX1 silencing in GIST-T1 cells impaired imatinib-induced MAPK signaling reactivation and enhanced imatinib anti-tumor effect. Our findings identified LIX1 as a key regulator of the early adaptative response of GIST cells to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Ruiz-Demoulin
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Eva Trenquier
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Sanaa Dekkar
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Deshayes
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Prisca Boisguérin
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - César Serrano
- Sarcoma Translational Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pascal de Santa Barbara
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Faure
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
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5
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Perego MC, McMichael BD, Bain LJ. Arsenic impairs stem cell differentiation via the Hippo signaling pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:296-309. [PMID: 37125325 PMCID: PMC10141767 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous toxic metalloid, with over 150 million people exposed to arsenic concentrations above the current 10 ppb drinking water standard through contaminated food and water. Arsenic is a known developmental toxicant as neuronal and muscle development are disrupted following arsenic exposure during embryogenesis. In this study, murine embryonic stem cells were chronically exposed to 0.1 μM (7.5 ppb) arsenic for 32 weeks. RNA sequencing showed that the Hippo signaling pathway, which is involved in embryonic development and pluripotency maintenance, is impaired following arsenic exposure. Thus, temporal changes in the Hippo pathway's core components and its downstream target genes Ctgf and c-Myc were investigated. Protein expression of the pathway's main effector YAP in its active form was significantly upregulated by 3.7-fold in arsenic-exposed cells at week 8, while protein expression of inactive phosphorylated YAP was significantly downregulated by 2.5- and 2-fold at weeks 8 and 16. Exposure to arsenic significantly increased the ratio between nuclear and cytoplasmic YAP by 1.9-fold at weeks 16 and 28. The ratio between nuclear and cytoplasmic transcriptional enhancer factor domain was similarly increased in arsenic-treated samples by 3.4- and 1.6-fold at weeks 16 and 28, respectively. Levels of Ctgf and c-Myc were also upregulated following arsenic exposure. These results suggest that chronic exposure to an environmentally relevant arsenic concentration might hinder cellular differentiation and maintain pluripotency through the impairment of the Hippo signaling pathway resulting in increased YAP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chiara Perego
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC, 29631, United States
| | - Benjamin D McMichael
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC, 29631, United States
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC, 29631, United States
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6
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Sicard P, Falco A, Faure S, Thireau J, Lindsey SE, Chauvet N, de Santa Barbara P. High-resolution ultrasound and speckle tracking: a non-invasive approach to assess in vivo gastrointestinal motility during development. Development 2022; 149:dev200625. [PMID: 35912573 PMCID: PMC10655954 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal motor activity has been extensively studied in adults; however, only few studies have investigated fetal motor skills. It is unknown when the gastrointestinal tract starts to contract during the embryonic period and how this function evolves during development. Here, we adapted a non-invasive high-resolution echography technique combined with speckle tracking analysis to examine the gastrointestinal tract motor activity dynamics during chick embryo development. We provided the first recordings of fetal gastrointestinal motility in living embryos without anesthesia. We found that, although gastrointestinal contractions appear very early during development, they become synchronized only at the end of the fetal period. To validate this approach, we used various pharmacological inhibitors and BAPX1 gene overexpression in vivo. We found that the enteric nervous system determines the onset of the synchronized contractions in the stomach. Moreover, alteration of smooth muscle fiber organization led to an impairment of this functional activity. Altogether, our findings show that non-invasive high-resolution echography and speckle tracking analysis allows visualization and quantification of gastrointestinal motility during development and highlight the progressive acquisition of functional and coordinated gastrointestinal motility before birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Sicard
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
- IPAM, Biocampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Falco
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Faure
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jérome Thireau
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie E. Lindsey
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Norbert Chauvet
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
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7
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Guérin A, Angebault C, Kinet S, Cazevieille C, Rojo M, Fauconnier J, Lacampagne A, Mourier A, Taylor N, de Santa Barbara P, Faure S. LIX1-mediated changes in mitochondrial metabolism control the fate of digestive mesenchyme-derived cells. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102431. [PMID: 35988446 PMCID: PMC9420520 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP1 and TAZ are transcriptional co-activator proteins that play fundamental roles in many biological processes, from cell proliferation and cell lineage fate determination to tumorigenesis. We previously demonstrated that Limb Expression 1 (LIX1) regulates YAP1 and TAZ activity and controls digestive mesenchymal progenitor proliferation. However, LIX1 mode of action remains elusive. Here, we found that endogenous LIX1 is localized in mitochondria and is anchored to the outer mitochondrial membrane through S-palmitoylation of cysteine 84, a residue conserved in all LIX1 orthologs. LIX1 downregulation altered the mitochondrial ultrastructure, resulting in a significantly decreased respiration and attenuated production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Mechanistically, LIX1 knock-down impaired the stability of the mitochondrial proteins PHB2 and OPA1 that are found in complexes with mitochondrial-specific phospholipids and are required for cristae organization. Supplementation with unsaturated fatty acids counteracted the effects of LIX1 knock-down on mitochondrial morphology and ultrastructure and restored YAP1/TAZ signaling. Collectively, our data demonstrate that LIX1 is a key regulator of cristae organization, modulating mtROS level and subsequently regulating the signaling cascades that control fate commitment of digestive mesenchyme-derived cells. LIX1 is tightly anchored to the outer membrane of mitochondria. LIX1 mitochondrial localization is mediated by S-palmitoylation on cysteine 84. LIX1 knock-down reduces the stability of the mitochondrial proteins PHB2 and OPA1 and impairs cristae organization. Redox signaling modulations regulate YAP1/TAZ activity and control fate commitment of digestive mesenchyme-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Guérin
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Angebault
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrina Kinet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Chantal Cazevieille
- Institut de Neurosciences de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Manuel Rojo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux, IBGC UMR, 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérémy Fauconnier
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Mourier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux, IBGC UMR, 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sandrine Faure
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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8
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Martire D, Garnier S, Sagnol S, Bourret A, Marchal S, Chauvet N, Guérin A, Forgues D, Berrebi D, Chardot C, Bellaiche M, Rendu J, Kalfa N, Faure S, de Santa Barbara P. Phenotypic switch of smooth muscle cells in paediatric chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4028-4039. [PMID: 33656779 PMCID: PMC8051695 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth Muscle Cells (SMC) are unique amongst all muscle cells in their capacity to modulate their phenotype. Indeed, SMCs do not terminally differentiate but instead harbour a remarkable capacity to dedifferentiate, switching between a quiescent contractile state and a highly proliferative and migratory phenotype, a quality often associated to SMC dysfunction. However, phenotypic plasticity remains poorly examined in the field of gastroenterology in particular in pathologies in which gut motor activity is impaired. Here, we assessed SMC status in biopsies of infants with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) syndrome, a life-threatening intestinal motility disorder. We showed that CIPO-SMCs harbour a decreased level of contractile markers. This phenotype is accompanied by an increase in Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-alpha (PDGFRA) expression. We showed that this modulation occurs without origin-related differences in CIPO circular and longitudinal-derived SMCs. As we characterized PDGFRA as a marker of digestive mesenchymal progenitors during embryogenesis, our results suggest a phenotypic switch of the CIPO-SMC towards an undifferentiated stage. The development of CIPO-SMC culture and the characterization of SMC phenotypic switch should enable us to design therapeutic approaches to promote SMC differentiation in CIPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Martire
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah Garnier
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Visceral Paediatric Surgery Unit, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Sagnol
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Annick Bourret
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Marchal
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Norbert Chauvet
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Guérin
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Forgues
- Visceral Paediatric Surgery Unit, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Berrebi
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux (APHP) Hospital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Bellaiche
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux (APHP) Hospital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - John Rendu
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble Alpes, Biochimie Génétique et Moléculaire, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Kalfa
- Visceral Paediatric Surgery Unit, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Faure
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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9
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Chevalier NR, Ammouche Y, Gomis A, Teyssaire C, de Santa Barbara P, Faure S. Shifting into high gear: how interstitial cells of Cajal change the motility pattern of the developing intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G519-G528. [PMID: 32877218 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00112.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The first contractile waves in the developing embryonic gut are purely myogenic; they only involve smooth muscle. Here, we provide evidence for a transition from smooth muscle to interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC)-driven contractile waves in the developing chicken gut. In situ hybridization staining for anoctamin-1 (ANO1), a known ICC marker, shows that ICCs are already present throughout the gut, as from embryonic day (E)7. We devised a protocol to reveal ICC oscillatory and propagative calcium activity in embryonic gut whole mount and found that the first steady calcium oscillations in ICCs occur on (E14). We show that the activation of ICCs leads to an increase in contractile wave frequency, regularity, directionality, and velocity between E12 and E14. We finally demonstrate that application of the c-KIT antagonist imatinib mesylate in organ culture specifically depletes the ICC network and inhibits the transition to a regular rhythmic wave pattern. We compare our findings to existing results in the mouse and predict that a similar transition should take place in the human fetus between 12 and 14 wk of development. Together, our results point to an abrupt physiological transition from smooth muscle mesenchyme self-initiating waves to ICC-driven motility in the fetus and clarify the contribution of ICCs to the contractile wave pattern.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We reveal a sharp transition from smooth muscle to interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC)-driven motility in the chicken embryo, leading to higher-frequency, more rhythmic contractile waves. We predict the transition to happen between 12 and 14 embryonic wk in humans. We image for the first time the onset of ICC activity in an embryonic gut by calcium imaging. We show the first KIT and anoctamin-1 (ANO1) in situ hybridization micrographs in the embryonic chicken gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas R Chevalier
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris/CNRS UMR 7057, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Yanis Ammouche
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris/CNRS UMR 7057, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anthony Gomis
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris/CNRS UMR 7057, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Clémence Teyssaire
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris/CNRS UMR 7057, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Sandrine Faure
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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10
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Guérin A, Martire D, Trenquier E, Lesluyes T, Sagnol S, Pratlong M, Lefebvre E, Chibon F, de Santa Barbara P, Faure S. LIX1 regulates YAP activity and controls gastrointestinal cancer cell plasticity. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9244-9254. [PMID: 32633461 PMCID: PMC7417687 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract, result from deregulated proliferation of transformed KIT‐positive interstitial cells of Cajal that share mesenchymal progenitors with smooth muscle cells. Despite the identification of selective KIT inhibitors, primary resistance and relapse remain a major concern. Moreover, most patients develop resistance partly through reactivation of KIT and its downstream signalling pathways. We previously identified the Limb Expression 1 (LIX1) gene as a unique marker of digestive mesenchyme immaturity. We also demonstrated that LIX1 regulates mesenchymal progenitor proliferation and differentiation by controlling the Hippo effector YAP1, which is constitutively activated in many sarcomas. Therefore, we wanted to determine LIX1 role in GIST development. We found that LIX1 is strongly up‐regulated in GIST samples and this is associated with unfavourable prognosis. Moreover, LIX1 controls GIST cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Upon LIX1 inactivation in GIST cells, YAP1/TAZ activity is reduced, KIT (the GIST signature) is down‐regulated, and cells acquire smooth muscle lineage features. Our data highlight LIX1 role in digestive mesenchyme‐derived cell‐fate decisions and identify this novel regulator as a target for drug design for GIST treatment by influencing its differentiation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Guérin
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Martire
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Eva Trenquier
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Tom Lesluyes
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Sagnol
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Pratlong
- MGX, Biocampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elise Lefebvre
- MGX, Biocampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fréderic Chibon
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Sandrine Faure
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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11
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HUANG Y, YANG F, ZHOU T, XIE S. [Emerging roles of Hippo signaling pathway in gastrointestinal cancers and its molecular mechanisms]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 49:35-43. [PMID: 32621422 PMCID: PMC8800705 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.02.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hippo signaling pathway is highly conservative in evolution. MST1/2, LATS1/2, and the effector protein YAP/TAZ are the core members of this signaling pathway in mammalian cells. There have been many studies on YAP/TAZ and its downstream, however, the upstream regulatory factors of the Hippo signaling pathway remain unclear, and become one of the hot research directions of this pathway at present. In addition, Hippo signaling pathway can cross-talk with other signaling pathways such as Wnt and Notch signaling pathways, and plays an important role in controlling organ size, maintaining tissue homeostasis, and promoting tissue repair and regeneration. Abnormal Hippo signaling pathway may lead to the occurrence of a variety of tumors, especially gastrointestinal cancers such as liver cancer, colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. The abnormal expression of its members in gastrointestinal cancers is related to cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration. Hippo signaling pathway is vital for liver repair and regeneration. Its inactivation will lead to the occurrence of primary liver cancer. The mechanism of YAP in liver cancer mainly depends on TEAD-mediated gene transcription. Hippo signaling pathway is also important for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and its imbalance can lead to the occurrence and recurrence of colorectal cancer. In primary and metastatic gastric cancer, the expression of YAP/TAZ is significantly up-regulated, but the specific molecular mechanism is unclear. This article summarizes the recent progress on Hippo signaling pathway and its upstream regulatory factors, its roles in the development of gastrointestinal cancers and related molecular mechanisms; and also discusses the future research directions of Hippo signaling pathway.
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12
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Margarido AS, Le Guen L, Falco A, Faure S, Chauvet N, de Santa Barbara P. PROX1 is a specific and dynamic marker of sacral neural crest cells in the chicken intestine. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:879-889. [PMID: 31658363 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex network constituted of neurons and glial cells that ensures the intrinsic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract. ENS cells originate from vagal and sacral neural crest cells that are initially located at the border of the neural tube. In birds, sacral neural crest cells (sNCCs) first give rise to an extramural ganglionated structure (the so-called Nerve of Remak [NoR]) and to the pelvic plexus. Later, sNCCs enter the colon mesenchyme to colonize and contribute to the intrinsic innervation of the caudal part of the gut. However, no specific sNCC marker has been described. Here, we report the expression pattern of prospero-related homeobox 1 (PROX1) in the developing chick colon. PROX1 is a homeobox domain transcription factor that plays a role in cell type specification in various tissues. Using in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence techniques, we showed that PROX1 is expressed in sNCCs localized in the NoR and in the pelvic plexus. Then, using real-time quantitative PCR we found that PROX1 displays a strong and highly dynamic expression pattern during NoR development. Moreover, we demonstrated using in vivo cell tracing, that sNCCs are the source of the PROX1-positive cells within the NoR. Our results indicate that PROX1 is the first marker that specifically identifies sNCCs. This might help to better identify the role of the different neural crest cell populations in distal gut innervation, and consequently to improve the diagnosis of diseases linked to incomplete ENS formation, such as Hirschsprung's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludovic Le Guen
- PHYMEDEXP, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Falco
- PHYMEDEXP, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Faure
- PHYMEDEXP, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Norbert Chauvet
- PHYMEDEXP, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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13
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Huycke TR, Tabin CJ. Chick midgut morphogenesis. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 62:109-119. [PMID: 29616718 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.170325ct] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is an essential system of organs required for nutrient absorption. As a simple tube early in development, the primitive gut is patterned along its anterior-posterior axis into discrete compartments with unique morphologies relevant to their functions in the digestive process. These morphologies are acquired gradually through development as the gut is patterned by tissue interactions, both molecular and mechanical in nature, involving all three germ layers. With a focus on midgut morphogenesis, we review work in the chick embryo demonstrating how these molecular signals and mechanical forces sculpt the developing gut tube into its mature form. In particular, we highlight two mechanisms by which the midgut increases its absorptive surface area: looping and villification. Additionally, we review the differentiation and patterning of the intestinal mesoderm into the layers of smooth muscle that mechanically drive peristalsis and the villification process itself. Where relevant, we discuss the mechanisms of chick midgut morphogenesis in the context of experimental data from other model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Huycke
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Vandenberghe P, Delvaux M, Hagué P, Erneux C, Vanderwinden JM. Potentiation of imatinib by cilostazol in sensitive and resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor cell lines involves YAP inhibition. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1798-1811. [PMID: 30956759 PMCID: PMC6442998 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) resistance remains a major clinical challenge. We previously identified phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) as a potential therapeutic target expressed in most GIST. The PDE3 inhibitor cilostazol reduced cell viability and synergized with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec™) in the imatinib-sensitive GIST882 cell line. Here, we found that cilostazol potentiated imatinib also in the imatinib-resistant GIST48 cell line. Cilostazol induced nuclear exclusion, hence inactivation, of the transcriptional co-activator YAP, in a cAMP-independent manner. Verteporfin, a YAP/TEAD interaction inhibitor, reduced by 90% the viability of both GIST882 and GIST48 cells. Our results highlight the potential use of compounds targeting PDE3A or YAP in combined multitherapy to tackle GIST resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Vandenberghe
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marine Delvaux
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Perrine Hagué
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Erneux
- IRIBHM, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Vanderwinden
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Chen YA, Lu CY, Cheng TY, Pan SH, Chen HF, Chang NS. WW Domain-Containing Proteins YAP and TAZ in the Hippo Pathway as Key Regulators in Stemness Maintenance, Tissue Homeostasis, and Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:60. [PMID: 30805310 PMCID: PMC6378284 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a conserved signaling pathway originally defined in Drosophila melanogaster two decades ago. Deregulation of the Hippo pathway leads to significant overgrowth in phenotypes and ultimately initiation of tumorigenesis in various tissues. The major WW domain proteins in the Hippo pathway are YAP and TAZ, which regulate embryonic development, organ growth, tissue regeneration, stem cell pluripotency, and tumorigenesis. Recent reports reveal the novel roles of YAP/TAZ in establishing the precise balance of stem cell niches, promoting the production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and provoking signals for regeneration and cancer initiation. Activation of YAP/TAZ, for example, results in the expansion of progenitor cells, which promotes regeneration after tissue damage. YAP is highly expressed in self-renewing pluripotent stem cells. Overexpression of YAP halts stem cell differentiation and yet maintains the inherent stem cell properties. A success in reprograming iPSCs by the transfection of cells with Oct3/4, Sox2, and Yap expression constructs has recently been shown. In this review, we update the current knowledge and the latest progress in the WW domain proteins of the Hippo pathway in relevance to stem cell biology, and provide a thorough understanding in the tissue homeostasis and identification of potential targets to block tumor development. We also provide the regulatory role of tumor suppressor WWOX in the upstream of TGF-β, Hyal-2, and Wnt signaling that cross talks with the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tian-You Cheng
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hua Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and the Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Shan Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, NY, United States.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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Szemes M, Greenhough A, Melegh Z, Malik S, Yuksel A, Catchpoole D, Gallacher K, Kollareddy M, Park JH, Malik K. Wnt Signalling Drives Context-Dependent Differentiation or Proliferation in Neuroblastoma. Neoplasia 2018; 20:335-350. [PMID: 29505958 PMCID: PMC5909736 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the commonest and deadliest solid tumours of childhood, and is thought to result from disrupted differentiation of the developing sympathoadrenergic lineage of the neural crest. Neuroblastoma exhibits intra- and intertumoural heterogeneity, with high risk tumours characterised by poor differentiation, which can be attributable to MYCN-mediated repression of genes involved in neuronal differentiation. MYCN is known to co-operate with oncogenic signalling pathways such as Alk, Akt and MEK/ERK signalling, and, together with c-MYC has been shown to be activated by Wnt signalling in various tissues. However, our previous work demonstrated that Wnt3a/Rspo2 treatment of some neuroblastoma cell lines can, paradoxically, decrease c-MYC and MYCN proteins. This prompted us to define the neuroblastoma-specific Wnt3a/Rspo2-driven transcriptome using RNA sequencing, and characterise the accompanying changes in cell biology. Here we report the identification of ninety Wnt target genes, and show that Wnt signalling is upstream of numerous transcription factors and signalling pathways in neuroblastoma. Using live-cell imaging, we show that Wnt signalling can drive differentiation of SK-N-BE(2)-C and SH-SY5Y cell-lines, but, conversely, proliferation of SK-N-AS cells. We show that cell-lines that differentiate show induction of pro-differentiation BMP4 and EPAS1 proteins, which is not apparent in the SK-N-AS cells. In contrast, SK-N-AS cells show increased CCND1, phosphorylated RB and E2F1 in response to Wnt3a/Rspo2, consistent with their proliferative response, and these proteins are not increased in differentiating lines. By meta-analysis of the expression of our 90 genes in primary tumour gene expression databases, we demonstrate discrete expression patterns of our Wnt genes in patient cohorts with different prognosis. Furthermore our analysis reveals interconnectivity within subsets of our Wnt genes, with one subset comprised of novel putative drivers of neuronal differentiation repressed by MYCN. Assessment of β-catenin immunohistochemistry shows high levels of β-catenin in tumours with better differentiation, further supporting a role for canonical Wnt signalling in neuroblastoma differentiation.
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Key Words
- alk, anaplastic lymphoma kinase
- atra, all-trans-retinoic acid
- bmp4, bone morphogenetic protein 4
- ccnd1, cyclin d1
- egf, epidermal growth factor
- epas1, endothelial pas domain protein 1
- erk, extracellular signal-regulated kinases
- emt, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- kegg, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes
- mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- mek, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
- pbs, phosphate-buffered saline
- qrt-pcr, quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- rb, retinoblastoma
- rnaseq, rna sequencing
- rspo2, r-spondin-2
- sds-page, sodium-dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- tcf/lef, t-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer binding factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Szemes
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alexander Greenhough
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Zsombor Melegh
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Sally Malik
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Aysen Yuksel
- The Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Westmead NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Daniel Catchpoole
- The Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Westmead NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Kelli Gallacher
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Madhu Kollareddy
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karim Malik
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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17
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The Hippo pathway as a drug target in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 420:14-25. [PMID: 29408652 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo tumor suppressor pathway is critical for balancing cellular differentiation and proliferation in response to cell-cell contact, mechanical signals and diffusible signals such as lysophosphatidic acid. Hippo pathway signaling is frequently dysregulated in gastric cancer (GC), as well as many other kinds of solid tumors, contributing to multiple aspects of malignant progression including unchecked cell division and metastasis. Considering the importance of this Hippo pathway in cancer, its pharmacological disruption may be of huge benefit in the fight against this disease. In this review, we summarize the components of the Hippo pathway, its crosstalk with other major oncogenic signaling pathways, common mechanisms of its dysregulation, as well as potential therapeutic approaches of targeting this pathway for cancer treatment, specifically in a GC context.
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18
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Colonic mesenchyme differentiates into smooth muscle before its colonization by vagal enteric neural crest-derived cells in the chick embryo. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:503-511. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Graham HK, Maina I, Goldstein AM, Nagy N. Intestinal smooth muscle is required for patterning the enteric nervous system. J Anat 2017; 230:567-574. [PMID: 28116763 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and intestinal smooth muscle occurs in a spatially and temporally correlated manner, but how they influence each other is unknown. In the developing mid-gut of the chick embryo, we find that α-smooth muscle actin expression, indicating early muscle differentiation, occurs after the arrival of migrating enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCCs). In contrast, hindgut smooth muscle develops prior to ENCC arrival. Smooth muscle development is normal in experimentally aganglionic hindguts, suggesting that proper development and patterning of the muscle layers does not rely on the ENS. However, inhibiting early smooth muscle development severely disrupts ENS patterning without affecting ENCC proliferation or apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that early intestinal smooth muscle differentiation is required for patterning the developing ENS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Graham
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivy Maina
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allan M Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nandor Nagy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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20
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Esteves de Lima J, Bonnin MA, Birchmeier C, Duprez D. Muscle contraction is required to maintain the pool of muscle progenitors via YAP and NOTCH during fetal myogenesis. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27554485 PMCID: PMC5030091 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of mechanical activity in the regulation of muscle progenitors during chick development has not been investigated. We show that immobilization decreases NOTCH activity and mimics a NOTCH loss-of-function phenotype, a reduction in the number of muscle progenitors and increased differentiation. Ligand-induced NOTCH activation prevents the reduction of muscle progenitors and the increase of differentiation upon immobilization. Inhibition of NOTCH ligand activity in muscle fibers suffices to reduce the progenitor pool. Furthermore, immobilization reduces the activity of the transcriptional co-activator YAP and the expression of the NOTCH ligand JAG2 in muscle fibers. YAP forced-activity in muscle fibers prevents the decrease of JAG2 expression and the number of PAX7+ cells in immobilization conditions. Our results identify a novel mechanism acting downstream of muscle contraction, where YAP activates JAG2 expression in muscle fibers, which in turn regulates the pool of fetal muscle progenitors via NOTCH in a non-cell-autonomous manner. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15593.001 Skeletal muscle is attached to the skeleton and allows the body to move. Making a new muscle, or repairing an existing one, relies on stem cells that are present inside muscles. A major goal of skeletal muscle research is to understand the signals that regulate the abilities of muscle stem cells to divide and give rise to more stem cells or to become muscle cells. Molecular signals are known to regulate the numbers of stem cells in the muscle. Skeletal muscles become larger if they are exercised, but it is not clear if mechanical forces generated by muscle contractions directly affect the number of muscle stem cells. The NOTCH signaling pathway contributes to maintaining the population of stem cells in muscles by forcing the stem cells to divide and preventing them from becoming muscle cells. Here, Esteves de Lima et al. investigated whether muscle contraction regulates NOTCH signaling during muscle formation in chick fetuses. The experiments show that muscle contraction stimulates the activity of a protein called YAP in muscle cells, which in turn, activates a gene in the NOTCH signaling pathway known as JAG2. This increases NOTCH signaling activity in the neighboring stem cells and maintains the number of stem cells in the muscle. The next step following this work will be to establish if this mechanism also operates during muscle formation and regeneration in other animals such as mice and zebrafish. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15593.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Esteves de Lima
- CNRS UMR 7622, F-75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,IBPS-Developmental Biology Laboratory, Paris, France.,Inserm U1156, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Ange Bonnin
- CNRS UMR 7622, F-75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,IBPS-Developmental Biology Laboratory, Paris, France.,Inserm U1156, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Developmental Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Delphine Duprez
- CNRS UMR 7622, F-75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,IBPS-Developmental Biology Laboratory, Paris, France.,Inserm U1156, F-75005, Paris, France
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