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Jin L, Kashyap MP, Chen Y, Khan J, Guo Y, Chen JQ, Lee MB, Weng Z, Oak A, Patcha P, Mayo T, Sinha R, Atigadda V, Mukhtar SM, Deshane JS, Raman C, Elston C, Elewski BE, Elmets CA, Athar M. Mechanism underlying follicular hyperproliferation and oncogenesis in hidradenitis suppurativa. iScience 2023; 26:106896. [PMID: 37332597 PMCID: PMC10275975 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a skin disorder that causes chronic painful inflammation and hyperproliferation, often with the comorbidity of invasive keratoacanthoma (KA). Our research, employing high-resolution immunofluorescence and data science approaches together with confirmatory molecular analysis, has identified that the 5'-cap-dependent protein translation regulatory complex eIF4F is a key factor in the development of HS and is responsible for regulating follicular hyperproliferation. Specifically, eIF4F translational targets, Cyclin D1 and c-MYC, orchestrate the development of HS-associated KA. Although eIF4F and p-eIF4E are contiguous throughout HS lesions, Cyclin D1 and c-MYC have unique spatial localization and functions. The keratin-filled crater of KA is formed by nuclear c-MYC-induced differentiation of epithelial cells, whereas the co-localization of c-MYC and Cyclin D1 provides oncogenic transformation by activating RAS, PI3K, and ERK pathways. In sum, we have revealed a novel mechanism underlying HS pathogenesis of follicular hyperproliferation and the development of HS-associated invasive KA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jin
- Center for Epigenomics and Translational Research in Inflammatory Skin Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mahendra P. Kashyap
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jasim Khan
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jari Q. Chen
- Hoover High School, Hoover, Birmingham, AL 35244, USA
| | - Madison B. Lee
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Center for Epigenomics and Translational Research in Inflammatory Skin Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Allen Oak
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Prasanth Patcha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tiffany Mayo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rajesh Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Venkatram Atigadda
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shahid M. Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jessy S. Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Carly Elston
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatopathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Boni E. Elewski
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Craig A. Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Center for Epigenomics and Translational Research in Inflammatory Skin Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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2
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Frosi Y, Lin YC, Shimin J, Ramlan SR, Hew K, Engman AH, Pillai A, Yeung K, Cheng YX, Cornvik T, Nordlund P, Goh M, Lama D, Gates ZP, Verma CS, Thean D, Lane DP, Asial I, Brown CJ. Engineering an autonomous VH domain to modulate intracellular pathways and to interrogate the eIF4F complex. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4854. [PMID: 35982046 PMCID: PMC9388512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An attractive approach to target intracellular macromolecular interfaces and to model putative drug interactions is to design small high-affinity proteins. Variable domains of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (VH domains) are ideal miniproteins, but their development has been restricted by poor intracellular stability and expression. Here we show that an autonomous and disufhide-free VH domain is suitable for intracellular studies and use it to construct a high-diversity phage display library. Using this library and affinity maturation techniques we identify VH domains with picomolar affinity against eIF4E, a protein commonly hyper-activated in cancer. We demonstrate that these molecules interact with eIF4E at the eIF4G binding site via a distinct structural pose. Intracellular overexpression of these miniproteins reduce cellular proliferation and expression of malignancy-related proteins in cancer cell lines. The linkage of high-diversity in vitro libraries with an intracellularly expressible miniprotein scaffold will facilitate the discovery of VH domains suitable for intracellular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Frosi
- p53 Laboratory (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, 138648, Singapore
- Disease Intervention Technology Laboratory (DITL), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yen-Chu Lin
- p53 Laboratory (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, 138648, Singapore
- Insilico Medicine Taiwan Ltd., Taipei City, 110208, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Jiang Shimin
- p53 Laboratory (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, 138648, Singapore
- Disease Intervention Technology Laboratory (DITL), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Siti Radhiah Ramlan
- p53 Laboratory (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, 138648, Singapore
- Disease Intervention Technology Laboratory (DITL), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Kelly Hew
- DotBio Pte. Ltd., 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alf Henrik Engman
- DotBio Pte. Ltd., 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anil Pillai
- DotBio Pte. Ltd., 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kit Yeung
- DotBio Pte. Ltd., 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yue Xiang Cheng
- DotBio Pte. Ltd., 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tobias Cornvik
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Par Nordlund
- DotBio Pte. Ltd., 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Megan Goh
- p53 Laboratory (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - Dilraj Lama
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum Quarter 7B-C Solnavägen 9, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Zachary P Gates
- Disease Intervention Technology Laboratory (DITL), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), A*STAR, 8 A Biomedical Grove, #07-01 Neuros Building, 138665, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chandra S Verma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore, Singapore
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, 138671, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dawn Thean
- p53 Laboratory (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - David P Lane
- p53 Laboratory (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - Ignacio Asial
- DotBio Pte. Ltd., 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore.
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Christopher J Brown
- p53 Laboratory (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, 138648, Singapore.
- Disease Intervention Technology Laboratory (DITL), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
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Frosi Y, Ng S, Lin YC, Jiang S, Ramlan SR, Lama D, Verma CS, Asial I, Brown CJ. Development of a Novel Peptide Aptamer that Interacts with the eIF4E Capped-mRNA Binding Site using Peptide Epitope Linker Evolution (PELE). RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:916-930. [PMID: 35866173 PMCID: PMC9257606 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00099g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying new binding sites and poses that modify biological function are an important step towards drug discovery. We have identified a novel disulphide constrained peptide that interacts with the cap-binding site of eIF4E, an attractive therapeutic target that is commonly overexpressed in many cancers and plays a significant role in initiating a cancer specific protein synthesis program though binding the 5′cap (7′methyl-guanoisine) moiety found on mammalian mRNAs. The use of disulphide constrained peptides to explore intracellular biological targets is limited by their lack of cell permeability and the instability of the disulphide bond in the reducing environment of the cell, loss of which results in abrogation of binding. To overcome these challenges, the cap-binding site interaction motif was placed in a hypervariable loop on an VH domain, and then selections performed to select a molecule that could recapitulate the interaction of the peptide with the target of interest in a process termed Peptide Epitope Linker Evolution (PELE). A novel VH domain was identified that interacted with the eIF4E cap binding site with a nanomolar affinity and that could be intracellularly expressed in mammalian cells. Additionally, it was demonstrated to specifically modulate eIF4E function by decreasing cap-dependent translation and cyclin D1 expression, common effects of eIF4F complex disruption. Identifying new binding sites and poses that modify biological function are an important step towards drug discovery.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Frosi
- Disease Intervention Technology Lab (DITL), IMCB (ASTAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos 138648 Singapore
| | - Simon Ng
- Disease Intervention Technology Lab (DITL), IMCB (ASTAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos 138648 Singapore
| | - Yen-Chu Lin
- Insilico Medicine Taiwan Ltd. Suite 2013, No. 333, Sec.1, Keelung Rd., Xinyi Dist. 110 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shimin Jiang
- Disease Intervention Technology Lab (DITL), IMCB (ASTAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos 138648 Singapore
| | - Siti Radhiah Ramlan
- Disease Intervention Technology Lab (DITL), IMCB (ASTAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos 138648 Singapore
| | - Dilraj Lama
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Biomedicum Quarter 7B-C Solnavägen 9 17165 Solna Sweden
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (ASTAR) 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix 138671 Singapore
| | - Ignacio Asial
- DotBio, 1 Research Link 117604 Singapore
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences Singapore
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Disease Intervention Technology Lab (DITL), IMCB (ASTAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos 138648 Singapore
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Pelozin BRA, Soci UPR, Gomes JLP, Oliveira EM, Fernandes T. mTOR signaling-related microRNAs as cardiac hypertrophy modulators in high-volume endurance training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 132:126-139. [PMID: 34792404 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00881.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise training (ET) promotes cardiovascular adaptations, including physiological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). However, the molecular mechanisms that underlying these changes are unclear. The study aimed to elucidate specific miRNAs and target genes involved with the Akt/mTOR signaling in high-volume ET-induced LVH. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were assigned to three groups: sedentary control (SC), trained protocol 1 (P1), and trained protocol 2 (P2). P1 consisted of 60 minutes/day of swimming, 5x/week, for 10 weeks. P2 consisted of the same protocol as P1 until the 8th week; in the 9th week, rats trained 2x/day, and in the 10th week, trained 3x/day. Subsequently, structure and molecular parameters were evaluated in the heart. Trained groups demonstrate higher values to VO2 peak, exercise tolerance, and LVH in a volume-dependent manner. The miRNA-26a-5p levels were higher in P1 and P2 compared to SC group (150±15%, d=1.8; 148±16%, d=1.7; and 100±7%, respectively, P < 0.05). In contrast, miRNA-16-5p levels were lower in P1 and P2 compared to SC group (69±5%, d=2.3, P < 0.01; 37±4%, d=5.6, P < 0.001 and 100±6%, respectively). Additionally, miRNA-16-5p knockdown and miRNA-26a-5p overexpression significantly promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Both miRNAs were selected, using Diana Tolls bioinformatics website, for acting in the mTOR signaling pathway. The protein expression of Akt, mTOR, p70S6k, and 4E-BP1 were greater in P1 and even more pronounced in P2. Nonetheless, GSK3β protein expression was lower in trained groups. Together, these molecular changes may contribute to a pronounced physiological LVH observed in high-volume aerobic training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno R A Pelozin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ursula Paula Reno Soci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João L P Gomes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Chee SMQ, Wongsantichon J, Yi LS, Sana B, Frosi Y, Robinson RC, Ghadessy FJ. Functional display of bioactive peptides on the vGFP scaffold. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10127. [PMID: 33980885 PMCID: PMC8115314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Grafting bioactive peptides into recipient protein scaffolds can often increase their activities by conferring enhanced stability and cellular longevity. Here, we describe use of vGFP as a novel scaffold to display peptides. vGFP comprises GFP fused to a bound high affinity Enhancer nanobody that potentiates its fluorescence. We show that peptides inserted into the linker region between GFP and the Enhancer are correctly displayed for on-target interaction, both in vitro and in live cells by pull-down, measurement of target inhibition and imaging analyses. This is further confirmed by structural studies highlighting the optimal display of a vGFP-displayed peptide bound to Mdm2, the key negative regulator of p53 that is often overexpressed in cancer. We also demonstrate a potential biosensing application of the vGFP scaffold by showing target-dependent modulation of intrinsic fluorescence. vGFP is relatively thermostable, well-expressed and inherently fluorescent. These properties make it a useful scaffold to add to the existing tool box for displaying peptides that can disrupt clinically relevant protein–protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Min Qi Chee
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Jantana Wongsantichon
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lau Sze Yi
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Barindra Sana
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Yuri Frosi
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Robert C Robinson
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand.,Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Farid J Ghadessy
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
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6
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5'-Cap‒Dependent Translation as a Potent Therapeutic Target for Lethal Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:742-753.e10. [PMID: 32971126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Skin squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are a major cause of death in patients who have undergone or will undergo organ transplantation. Moreover, these neoplasms cause significant disease and economic burden and diminish patients' life quality. However, no effective treatment or intervention strategies are available. In this study, we investigated the pathologic role of 5'-cap translation, which is regulated by the formation of a ternary initiation factor complex involving eIF4E, eIF4G, and eIF4A1. We detected increased expression of phosphorylated eIF4E, eIF4G, and eIF4A1 in human and murine skin SCCs. The increase in these ternary initiation factor complex proteins was associated with enhanced eIF4E translation targets cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Conversely, small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of eIF4E in human SCC cells (A431 and SCC-13) reduced eIF4G and proteins that regulate the cell cycle and proliferation. Notably, inhibition of Raf/MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling decreased eIF4E and phosphorylated eIF4E accumulation and significantly diminished cell-cycle gene expression and tumor volume of A431-derived xenograft tumors. Furthermore, disrupting the eIF4E with an allosteric inhibitor of eIF4E and eIF4G binding, 4EGI-1, decreased the eIF4E/eIF4G expression and reduced the proliferation. Finally, combined inhibition of the Raf/MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase axis and eIF4E impaired 5'-cap‒dependent translation and abrogated tumor cell proliferation. These data demonstrate that 5'-cap‒dependent translation is a potential therapeutic target for abrogating lethal skin SCCs in patients who have undergone or will undergo organ transplantation.
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7
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Matos B, Howl J, Jerónimo C, Fardilha M. The disruption of protein-protein interactions as a therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105145. [PMID: 32814172 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common male-specific cancers worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates associated with advanced disease stages. The current treatment options of PCa are prostatectomy, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, the selection of which is usually dependent upon the stage of the disease. The development of PCa to a castration-resistant phenotype (CRPC) is associated with a more severe prognosis requiring the development of a new and effective therapy. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been recognised as an emerging drug modality and targeting PPIs is a promising therapeutic approach for several diseases, including cancer. The efficacy of several compounds in which target PPIs and consequently impair disease progression were validated in phase I/II clinical trials for different types of cancer. In PCa, various small molecules and peptides proved successful in inhibiting important PPIs, mainly associated with the androgen receptor (AR), Bcl-2 family proteins, and kinases/phosphatases, thus impairing the growth of PCa cells in vitro. Moreover, a majority of these compounds require further validation in vivo and, preferably, in clinical trials. In addition, several other PPIs associated with PCa progression have been identified and now require experimental validation as potential therapeutic loci. In conclusion, we consider the disruption of PPIs to be a promising though challenging therapeutic strategy for PCa. Agents which modulate PPIs might be employed as a monotherapy or as an adjunct to classical chemotherapeutics to overcome drug resistance and improve efficacy. The discovery of new PPIs with important roles in disease progression, and of novel optimized strategies to target them are major challenges for the scientific and pharmacological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Matos
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - John Howl
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Research Institute in Healthcare Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Research Center-LAB 3, F Bdg., 1st Floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar- University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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8
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Frosi Y, Inoue K, Ramlan SR, Lane DP, Watanabe T, Brown CJ. Simultaneous measurement of p53:Mdm2 and p53:Mdm4 protein-protein interactions in whole cells using fluorescence labelled foci. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17933. [PMID: 31784573 PMCID: PMC6884555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report we describe the development of a Fluorescent Protein-Protein Interaction-visualization (FLUOPPI) to enable the simultaneous measurement of both Mdm2:p53 and Mdm4:p53 interactions in order to assess the relative efficiencies of mimetic molecules of the p53 peptide helix against both PPIs. Mdm2 and Mdm4 overexpression frequently leads to the inactivation of non-mutated p53 in human cancers, via inhibition of its transcriptional activity, enhancing its degradation by the proteasome or by preventing its nuclear import. Development of inhibitors to disrupt the binding of one or both of these protein interactions have been the subject of intensive pharmaceutical development for anti-cancer therapies. Using the bimodal FLUOPPI system we have characterised compounds that were either monospecific for Mdm2 or bispecific for both Mdm2 and Mdm4. We have also demonstrated that the FLUOPPI assay can reliably differentiate between specific and non-specific disruption of these protein complexes via accurate assessment and normalization to the cell population under measurement. We envision that this methodology will increase the efficiency of identifying compounds that are either specific against a single PPI from a closely related family of interactions or compounds that interact across multiple related PPI pairs, depending on which is more desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Frosi
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - K Inoue
- R&D Division, Medical & Biological Laboratories, Co., Ltd., 1063-103 Terasawaoka, Ina, Nagano, 396-0002, Japan
| | - Siti Radhiah Ramlan
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - D P Lane
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - T Watanabe
- R&D Division, Medical & Biological Laboratories, Co., Ltd., 1063-103 Terasawaoka, Ina, Nagano, 396-0002, Japan.
| | - C J Brown
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
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