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Lamacova L, Jansova D, Jiang Z, Dvoran M, Aleshkina D, Iyyappan R, Jindrova A, Fan HY, Jiao Y, Susor A. CPEB3 Maintains Developmental Competence of the Oocyte. Cells 2024; 13:850. [PMID: 38786074 PMCID: PMC11119423 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocyte development depends on the temporally controlled translation of maternal transcripts, particularly in the coordination of meiotic and early embryonic development when transcription has ceased. The translation of mRNA is regulated by various RNA-binding proteins. We show that the absence of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3) negatively affects female reproductive fitness. CPEB3-depleted oocytes undergo meiosis normally but experience early embryonic arrest due to a disrupted transcriptome, leading to aberrant protein expression and the subsequent failure of embryonic transcription initiation. We found that CPEB3 stabilizes a subset of mRNAs with a significantly longer 3'UTR that is enriched in its distal region with cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements. Overall, our results suggest that CPEB3 is an important maternal factor that regulates the stability and translation of a subclass of mRNAs that are essential for the initiation of embryonic transcription and thus for embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Lamacova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells, IAPG CAS, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Jansova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells, IAPG CAS, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Zongliang Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michal Dvoran
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells, IAPG CAS, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Daria Aleshkina
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells, IAPG CAS, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Rajan Iyyappan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells, IAPG CAS, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jindrova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells, IAPG CAS, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Heng-Yu Fan
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxuan Jiao
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Andrej Susor
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells, IAPG CAS, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
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Di Liegro CM, Schiera G, Schirò G, Di Liegro I. Role of Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Learning and Memory in Mammals. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:337. [PMID: 38540396 PMCID: PMC10970538 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
After many decades, during which most molecular studies on the regulation of gene expression focused on transcriptional events, it was realized that post-transcriptional control was equally important in order to determine where and when specific proteins were to be synthesized. Translational regulation is of the most importance in the brain, where all the steps of mRNA maturation, transport to different regions of the cells and actual expression, in response to specific signals, constitute the molecular basis for neuronal plasticity and, as a consequence, for structural stabilization/modification of synapses; notably, these latter events are fundamental for the highest brain functions, such as learning and memory, and are characterized by long-term potentiation (LTP) of specific synapses. Here, we will discuss the molecular bases of these fundamental events by considering both the role of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and the effects of non-coding RNAs involved in controlling splicing, editing, stability and translation of mRNAs. Importantly, it has also been found that dysregulation of mRNA metabolism/localization is involved in many pathological conditions, arising either during brain development or in the adult nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Schirò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
- Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC), Foundation Institute “G. Giglio”, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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3
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Fernández Ramírez MDC, Afrin S, Saelices L. Conformational inhibitors of protein aggregation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 83:102700. [PMID: 37717490 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidoses are fatal conditions associated with the aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils that deposit systemically and/or locally. Possibly because the causal mechanism of protein aggregation and deposition is not fully understood, this group of diseases remains uncurable. Advances in structural biology, such as the use of nuclear magnetic resonance and cryo-electron microscopy, have enabled the study of the structures and the conformational nature of the proteins whose aggregation is associated with the underlying pathogenesis of amyloidosis. As a result, the last years of research have translated into the development of directed therapeutic strategies that target the specific conformations of precursors, fibrils, and intermediary species. Current efforts include the use of small molecules, peptides, and antibodies. This review summarizes the recent progress in developing strategies that target specific protein conformations for the treatment of amyloidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen Fernández Ramírez
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA. https://twitter.com/FernandezR_MC
| | - Shumaila Afrin
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA. https://twitter.com/Shumyla44
| | - Lorena Saelices
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA.
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Ramírez de Mingo D, López-García P, Vaquero ME, Hervás R, Laurents DV, Carrión-Vázquez M. Phase separation modulates the functional amyloid assembly of human CPEB3. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 231:102540. [PMID: 37898314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
How functional amyloids are regulated to restrict their activity is poorly understood. The cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3) is an RNA-binding protein that adopts an amyloid state key for memory persistence. Its monomer represses the translation of synaptic target mRNAs while phase separated, whereas its aggregated state acts as a translational activator. Here, we have explored the sequence-driven molecular determinants behind the functional aggregation of human CPEB3 (hCPEB3). We found that the intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of hCPEB3 encodes both an amyloidogenic and a phase separation domain, separated by a poly-A-rich region. The hCPEB3 amyloid core is composed by a hydrophobic region instead of the Q-rich stretch found in the Drosophila orthologue. The hCPEB3 phase separation domain relies on hydrophobic interactions with ionic strength dependence, and its droplet ageing process leads to a liquid-to-solid transition with the formation of a non-fibril-based hydrogel surrounded by starburst droplets. Furthermore, we demonstrate the differential behavior of the protein depending on its environment. Under physiological-like conditions, hCPEB3 can establish additional electrostatic interactions with ions, increasing the stability of its liquid droplets and driving a condensation-based amyloid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula López-García
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, Madrid 28002, Spain; PhD Program in Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Cajal Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | | | - Rubén Hervás
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Douglas V Laurents
- Instituto de Química Física "Blas Cabrera", CSIC, C/ Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain
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5
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Galkin AP, Sysoev EI, Valina AA. Amyloids and prions in the light of evolution. Curr Genet 2023; 69:189-202. [PMID: 37165144 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-023-01270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Functional amyloids have been identified in a wide variety of organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and vertebrates. Intracellular and extracellular amyloid fibrils of different proteins perform storage, protective, structural, and regulatory functions. The structural organization of amyloid fibrils determines their unique physical and biochemical properties. The formation of these fibrillar structures can provide adaptive advantages that are picked up by natural selection. Despite the great interest in functional and pathological amyloids, questions about the conservatism of the amyloid properties of proteins and the regularities in the appearance of these fibrillar structures in evolution remain almost unexplored. Using bioinformatics approaches and summarizing the data published previously, we have shown that amyloid fibrils performing similar functions in different organisms have been arising repeatedly and independently in the course of evolution. On the other hand, we show that the amyloid properties of a number of bacterial and eukaryotic proteins are evolutionarily conserved. We also discuss the role of protein-based inheritance in the evolution of microorganisms. Considering that missense mutations and the emergence of prions cause the same consequences, we propose the concept that the formation of prions, similarly to mutations, generally causes a negative effect, although it can also lead to adaptations in rare cases. In general, our analysis revealed certain patterns in the emergence and spread of amyloid fibrillar structures in the course of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey P Galkin
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 199034.
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 199034.
| | - Evgeniy I Sysoev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 199034
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 199034
| | - Anna A Valina
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 199034
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6
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Rouhana L, Edgar A, Hugosson F, Dountcheva V, Martindale MQ, Ryan JF. Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Is an Ancestral Hallmark of Early Development in Animals. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad137. [PMID: 37288606 PMCID: PMC10284499 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential regulation of gene expression has produced the astonishing diversity of life on Earth. Understanding the origin and evolution of mechanistic innovations for control of gene expression is therefore integral to evolutionary and developmental biology. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation is the biochemical extension of polyadenosine at the 3'-end of cytoplasmic mRNAs. This process regulates the translation of specific maternal transcripts and is mediated by the Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element-Binding Protein family (CPEBs). Genes that code for CPEBs are amongst a very few that are present in animals but missing in nonanimal lineages. Whether cytoplasmic polyadenylation is present in non-bilaterian animals (i.e., sponges, ctenophores, placozoans, and cnidarians) remains unknown. We have conducted phylogenetic analyses of CPEBs, and our results show that CPEB1 and CPEB2 subfamilies originated in the animal stem lineage. Our assessment of expression in the sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis (Cnidaria), and the comb jelly, Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora), demonstrates that maternal expression of CPEB1 and the catalytic subunit of the cytoplasmic polyadenylation machinery (GLD2) is an ancient feature that is conserved across animals. Furthermore, our measurements of poly(A)-tail elongation reveal that key targets of cytoplasmic polyadenylation are shared between vertebrates, cnidarians, and ctenophores, indicating that this mechanism orchestrates a regulatory network that is conserved throughout animal evolution. We postulate that cytoplasmic polyadenylation through CPEBs was a fundamental innovation that contributed to animal evolution from unicellular life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Labib Rouhana
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison Edgar
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA
| | - Fredrik Hugosson
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA
| | - Valeria Dountcheva
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Q Martindale
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph F Ryan
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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7
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Fernández-Ramírez MDC, Ng KKS, Menéndez M, Laurents DV, Hervás R, Carrión-Vázquez M. Expanded Conformations of Monomeric Tau Initiate Its Amyloidogenesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 62:e202209252. [PMID: 36542681 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding early amyloidogenesis is key to rationally develop therapeutic strategies. Tau protein forms well-characterized pathological deposits but its aggregation mechanism is still poorly understood. Using single-molecule force spectroscopy based on a mechanical protection strategy, we studied the conformational landscape of the monomeric tau repeat domain (tau-RD244-368 ). We found two sets of conformational states, whose frequency is influenced by mutations and the chemical context. While pathological mutations Δ280K and P301L and a pro-amyloidogenic milieu favored expanded conformations and destabilized local structures, an anti-amyloidogenic environment promoted a compact ensemble, including a conformer whose topology might mask two amyloidogenic segments. Our results reveal that to initiate aggregation, monomeric tau-RD244-368 decreases its polymorphism adopting expanded conformations. This could account for the distinct structures found in vitro and across tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen Fernández-Ramírez
- Instituto Cajal, IC-CSIC, Avda. Doctor Arce 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain.,Current address: Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Kan-Shing Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Margarita Menéndez
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, IQFR-CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Douglas V Laurents
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, IQFR-CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Hervás
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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8
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Ramírez de Mingo D, Pantoja-Uceda D, Hervás R, Carrión-Vázquez M, Laurents DV. Conformational dynamics in the disordered region of human CPEB3 linked to memory consolidation. BMC Biol 2022; 20:129. [PMID: 35658951 PMCID: PMC9166367 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current understanding of the molecular basis of memory consolidation points to an important function of amyloid formation by neuronal-specific isoforms of the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB) protein family. In particular, CPEB is thought to promote memory persistence through formation of self-sustaining prion-like amyloid assemblies at synapses, mediated by its intrinsically disordered region (IDR) and leading to permanent physical alterations at the basis of memory persistence. Although the molecular mechanisms by which amyloid formation takes place in CPEB have been described in invertebrates, the way amyloid formation occurs in the human homolog CPEB3 (hCPEB3) remains unclear. Here, we characterize by NMR spectroscopy the atomic level conformation and ps-ms dynamics of the 426-residue IDR of hCPEB3, which has been associated with episodic memory in humans. Results We show that the 426-residue N-terminal region of hCPEB3 is a dynamic, intrinsically disordered region (IDR) which lacks stable folded structures. The first 29 residues, M1QDDLLMDKSKTQPQPQQQQRQQQQPQP29, adopt a helical + disordered motif, and residues 86–93: P83QQPPPP93, and 166–175: P166PPPAPAPQP175 form polyproline II (PPII) helices. The (VG)5 repeat motif is completely disordered, and residues 200–250 adopt three partially populated α-helices. Residues 345–355, which comprise the nuclear localization signal (NLS), form a modestly populated α-helix which may mediate STAT5B binding. These findings allow us to suggest a model for nascent hCPEB3 structural transitions at single residue resolution, advancing that amyloid breaker residues, like proline, are a key difference between functional versus pathological amyloids. Conclusion Our NMR spectroscopic analysis of hCPEB3 provides insights into the first structural transitions involved in protein–protein and protein-mRNA interactions. The atomic level understanding of these structural transitions involved in hCPEB3 aggregation is a key first step toward understanding memory persistence in humans, as well as sequence features that differentiate beneficial amyloids from pathological ones. Areas Biophysics, Structural Biology, Biochemistry & Neurosciences. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01310-6.
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9
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Hassan MN, Nabi F, Khan AN, Hussain M, Siddiqui WA, Uversky VN, Khan RH. The amyloid state of proteins: A boon or bane? Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 200:593-617. [PMID: 35074333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Proteins and their aggregation is significant field of research due to their association with various conformational maladies including well-known neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and Huntington's (HD) diseases. Amyloids despite being given negative role for decades are also believed to play a functional role in bacteria to humans. In this review, we discuss both facets of amyloid. We have shed light on AD, which is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease caused by accumulation of Aβ fibrils as extracellular senile plagues. We also discuss PD caused by the aggregation and deposition of α-synuclein in form of Lewy bodies and neurites. Other amyloid-associated diseases such as HD and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are also discussed. We have also reviewed functional amyloids that have various biological roles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that includes formation of biofilm and cell attachment in bacteria to hormone storage in humans, We discuss in detail the role of Curli fibrils' in biofilm formation, chaplins in cell attachment to peptide hormones, and Pre-Melansomal Protein (PMEL) roles. The disease-related and functional amyloids are compared with regard to their structural integrity, variation in regulation, and speed of forming aggregates and elucidate how amyloids have turned from foe to friend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nadir Hassan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Faisal Nabi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Asra Nasir Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Murtaza Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Waseem A Siddiqui
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy 11 of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College 13 of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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10
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Kan HW, Chang CH, Chang YS, Ko YT, Hsieh YL. Genetic loss-of-function of activating transcription factor 3 but not C-type lectin member 5A prevents diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1341-1352. [PMID: 34172832 PMCID: PMC8440213 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mediating roles of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), an injury marker, or C-type lectin member 5A (CLEC5A), an inflammatory response molecule, in the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and neuroinflammation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy in ATF3 and CLEC5A genetic knockout (aft3-/- and clec5a-/-, respectively) mice. ATF3 was expressed intranuclearly and was upregulated in mice with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DN) and clec5a-/- mice. The DN and clec5a-/- groups also exhibited neuropathic behavior, but not in the aft3-/- group. The upregulation profiles of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein, a protein translation-regulating molecule, and the ER stress-related molecules of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α in the DN and clec5a-/- groups were correlated with neuropathic behavior. Ultrastructural evidence confirmed ER stress induction and neuroinflammation, including microglial enlargement and proinflammatory cytokine release, in the DN and clec5a-/- mice. By contrast, the induction of ER stress and neuroinflammation did not occur in the aft3-/- mice. Furthermore, the mRNA of reactive oxygen species-removing enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, heme oxygenase-1, and catalase were downregulated in the DN and clec5a-/- groups but were not changed in the aft3-/- group. Taken together, the results indicate that intraneuronal ATF3, but not CLEC5A, mediates the induction of ER stress and neuroinflammation associated with diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wei Kan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hong Chang
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shuang Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Ko
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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11
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Coca JR, Eraña H, Castilla J. Biosemiotics comprehension of PrP code and prion disease. Biosystems 2021; 210:104542. [PMID: 34517077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2021.104542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Prions or PrPSc (prion protein, Scrapie isoform) are proteins with an aberrant three-dimensional conformation that present the ability to alter the three-dimensional structure of natively folded PrPC (prion protein, cellular isoform) inducing its abnormal folding, giving raise to neurological diseases known as Transmissible spongiforms encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases. In this work, through a biosemiotic study, we will analyze the molecular code of meanings that are known in the molecular pathway of PrPC and how it is altered in prion diseases. This biosemiotic code presents a socio-semiotic correlate in organisms that could be unraveled with the ultimate goal of understanding the code of signs that mediates the process. Finally, we will study recent works that indicate possible relationships in the code between prion proteins and other proteins such as the tau protein and alpha-synuclein to evaluate if it is possible that there is a semiotic expansion of the PrP code and prion diseases in the meaning recently expounded by Prusiner, winner of the Nobel Prize for describing these unusual pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Coca
- Social Research Unit in Health and Rare Diseases, University of Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Hasier Eraña
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain; Atlas Molecular Pharma S. L., Derio, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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12
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Oroz J, Félix SS, Cabrita EJ, Laurents DV. Structural transitions in Orb2 prion-like domain relevant for functional aggregation in memory consolidation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18122-18133. [PMID: 33093173 PMCID: PMC7939463 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent structural elucidation of ex vivo Drosophila Orb2 fibrils revealed a novel amyloid formed by interdigitated Gln and His residue side chains belonging to the prion-like domain. However, atomic-level details on the conformational transitions associated with memory consolidation remain unknown. Here, we have characterized the nascent conformation and dynamics of the prion-like domain (PLD) of Orb2A using a nonconventional liquid-state NMR spectroscopy strategy based on 13C detection to afford an essentially complete set of 13Cα, 13Cβ, 1Hα, and backbone 13CO and 15N assignments. At pH 4, where His residues are protonated, the PLD is disordered and flexible, except for a partially populated α-helix spanning residues 55-60, and binds RNA oligos, but not divalent cations. At pH 7, in contrast, His residues are predominantly neutral, and the Q/H segments adopt minor populations of helical structure, show decreased mobility and start to self-associate. At pH 7, the His residues do not bind RNA or Ca2+, but do bind Zn2+, which promotes further association. These findings represent a remarkable case of structural plasticity, based on which an updated model for Orb2A functional amyloidogenesis is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Oroz
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, IQFR-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara S Félix
- Departamento de Química Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UCIBIO, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eurico J Cabrita
- Departamento de Química Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UCIBIO, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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