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Zhu Q, Wan L, Huang H, Liao Z. IL-1β, the first piece to the puzzle of sepsis-related cognitive impairment? Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1370406. [PMID: 38665289 PMCID: PMC11043581 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1370406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death resulting from an uncontrolled inflammatory response to an infectious agent. Multiple organ injuries, including brain injuries, are common in sepsis. The underlying mechanism of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), which is associated with neuroinflammation, is not yet fully understood. Recent studies suggest that the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) following activation of microglial cells plays a crucial role in the development of long-lasting neuroinflammation after the initial sepsis episode. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the recent literature on the molecular signaling pathways involved in microglial cell activation and interleukin-1β release. It also explores the physiological and pathophysiological role of IL-1β in cognitive function, with a particular focus on its contribution to long-lasting neuroinflammation after sepsis. The findings from this review may assist healthcare providers in developing novel interventions against SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Medical Genetics/Prenatal Diagnostic Center Nursing and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhimin Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yang Y, Yao Z, Wang H, Jia S, Wang M, Wang S, Yun D. Severe inflammation in C57/BL6 mice leads to prolonged cognitive impairment by initiating the IL-1β/TRPM2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111380. [PMID: 38176340 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis could lead to chronic cognitive impairment by unclear molecular mechanisms. Transient receptor potential melastatin-2 (TRPM2) is essential against immunity-related activities and inflammation. Our study attempted to decipher the relationship between cognitive impairment caused by severe inflammation and TRPM2 expression levels. METHODS Severe inflammation was induced by intraperitoneally injecting C57/BL6 mice with a high dosage (5 mg kg-1) of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fear conditioning and a Morris water maze test were performed to examine the cognitive abilities of the mice. Moreover, the signaling and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and TRPM2 were measured using Western blotting and Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining helped to determine the astrocyte apoptosis rate. RESULTS Severe inflammation can lead to long-term cognitive impairment in C57/BL6 mice. The interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels intra-hippocampus were significantly elevated until P14 post-LPS introduction. At both P7 and P14, there is an up-regulation of TRPM2 expression within hippocampus. Administration of recombinant IL-1β to astrocytes results in a significant up-regulation of TRPM2 expression. IL-1β or TRPM2 level knockdown helped counter the cognitive impairment caused by significant inflammation. CONCLUSIONS A continuous increase in IL-1β levels within the hippocampus can lead to cognitive impairment by enhancing TRPM2 levels caused by severe inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China; Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihua Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Hushan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuaiying Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingfei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Debo Yun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
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Liao Z, Zhu Q, Huang H. Involvement of IL-1β-Mediated Necroptosis in Neurodevelopment Impairment after Neonatal Sepsis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14693. [PMID: 37834141 PMCID: PMC10572485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of long-term cognitive impairment after neonatal sepsis remains poorly understood, although long-lasting neuroinflammation has been considered the primary contributor. Necroptosis is actively involved in the inflammatory process, and in this study, we aimed to determine whether neonatal sepsis-induced long-term cognitive impairment was associated with activation of necroptosis. Rat pups on postnatal day 3 (P3) received intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg) to induce neonatal sepsis. Intracerebroventricular injection of IL-1β-siRNA and necrostatin-1 (NEC1) were performed to block the production of IL-1β and activation of necroptosis in the brain, respectively. The Morris water maze task and fear conditioning test were performed on P28-P32 and P34-P35, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and Western blotting were used to examine the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and necroptosis-associated proteins, such as receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3). Sustained elevation of IL-1β level was observed in the brain after initial neonatal sepsis, which would last for at least 32 days. Sustained necroptosis activation was also observed in the brain. Knockdown of IL-1β expression in the brain alleviated necroptosis and improved long-term cognitive function. Direct inhibition of necroptosis also improved neurodevelopment and cognitive performance. This research indicated that sustained activation of necroptosis via IL-1β contributed to long-term cognitive dysfunction after neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Han Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.L.); (Q.Z.)
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Pavlova IV, Broshevitskaya ND, Zaichenko MI, Grigoryan GA. The influence of long-term housing in enriched environment on behavior of normal rats and subjected to neonatal pro-inflammatory challenge. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 30:100639. [PMID: 37274935 PMCID: PMC10236189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that neonatal pro-inflammatory challenge (NPC) acquire a predisposition to the development of a number of neuropsychiatric diseases: depression, anxiety disorders, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Symptoms of these diseases can manifest themselves in adulthood and adolescent after repeated exposure to negative influences. Preventing the development of the negative consequences of NPC is one of the main tasks for researchers. The exposure to an enriched environment (EE) was shown to have anxiolytic, anti-depressive, and pro-cognitive effects. The present work was aimed to investigate the effects of the long-term EE on anxious-depressive and conditioned fear behavior in normal male and female rats and subjected to NPC. The NPC was induced by subcutaneous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 μg/kg) on 3d and 5th PNDs. The control animals received saline (SAL). The rats were placed in the EE from 25 to 120 PND. Animals housed in the standard conditions (STAND) served as controls. In adult female and male rats of the STAND groups, LPS did not affect the anxiety, depressive-like behavior and conditioned fear. The EE increased motor and search activity in males and females. In the open field, the EE reduced anxiety in males of the SAL and LPS groups and in females of SAL groups compared to the STAND housed animals. In the elevated plus maze, the EE decreased anxiety only in males of the SAL group. In the sucrose preference test, the EE did not change sucrose consumption in males and females of SAL and LPS groups, while, in the forced swimming test, the EE reduced depressive-like behavior in females of both SAL and LPS groups. The enrichment decreased the contextual conditioned fear in male and female of SAL groups, but not of the LPS group, and did not affect the cue conditioned fear. The corticosterone reactivity to the forced swimming stress increased in males of the EE groups. The basal level of IL-1beta in blood serum decreased in males of the SAL-EE group. Thus, the EE reduced anxiety in males, depressive-like behavior in females, and contextual conditioned fear in males and females compared to the STAND housed animals. Although the NPC did not affect these behaviors in the STAND groups, LPS prevented the beneficial EE effects on anxiety and conditioned fear. The opposing effects of LPS were dependent on sex and type of testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Pavlova
- Corresponding author. Department of Conditioned Reflexes and Physiology of Emotions, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485, 5a Butlerov street, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Xu Z, Yao X, Zhao Y, Yao B. C/EBPα involvement in microglial polarization via HDAC1/STAT3 pathway aggravated sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15466. [PMID: 37361037 PMCID: PMC10286799 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a clinically frequent postoperative complication in the elderly, which is mainly manifested by the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction after anesthetized surgery in patients. To explore the involvement of C/EBPα in microglial polarization in sevoflurane anesthesia induced cognitive impairment in aged rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were anesthetized by inhalation of 3% sevoflurane for 6 h to establish the POCD model. The histopathological structure of hippocampus was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Associative learning and memory function and spatial learning and memory function were assessed by conditioned fear test and water maze test. The concentrations of inflammatory factors in the hippocampus were measured by ELISA. The levels of microglial activation marker (Iba1) and microglial M1 (CD86) and M2 (CD206) polarization markers were determined by immunofluorescence staining and RT-qPCR, respectively. The transcriptional regulation of HDAC1 by C/EBPα was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay and ChIP assay. Results Sevoflurane-induced pathomorphological damage in the hippocampal tissue of aged rats, accompanied by elevated expression of C/EBPα. Silencing of C/EBPα alleviated hippocampal histopathological injury, inhibited M1 microglial activation and the expression of M1 marker CD86, enhanced the expression of M2 marker CD206. C/EBPα transcriptionally activated HDAC1. Knockdown of C/EBPα downregulated the expression of HDAC1 and STAT3 phosphorylated proteins, which inhibited the pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) and accelerated anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10 and TGF-β) secretion. In addition, silencing of C/EBPα caused rats to have a delayed freezing time in contextual conditioned fear, a shorter escape latency, and an increased number of platform crossings. Conclusion Inhibition of C/EBPα promotes the M2 polarization of microglia and reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines to alleviate the cognitive dysfunction of sevoflurane-induced elderly rats by HDAC1/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Yikang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
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Hauser KF, Ohene-Nyako M, Knapp PE. Accelerated brain aging with opioid misuse and HIV: New insights on the role of glially derived pro-inflammation mediators and neuronal chloride homeostasis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 78:102653. [PMID: 36584655 PMCID: PMC9933139 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) has become a national crisis and contributes to the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Emerging evidence and advances in experimental models, methodology, and our understanding of disease processes at the molecular and cellular levels reveal that opioids per se can directly exacerbate the pathophysiology of neuroHIV. Despite substantial inroads, the impact of OUD on the severity, development, and prognosis of neuroHIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders is not fully understood. In this review, we explore current evidence that OUD and neuroHIV interact to accelerate cognitive deficits and enhance the neurodegenerative changes typically seen with aging, through their effects on neuroinflammation. We suggest new thoughts on the processes that may underlie accelerated brain aging, including dysregulation of neuronal inhibition, and highlight findings suggesting that opioids, through actions at the μ-opioid receptor, interact with HIV in the central nervous system to promote unique structural and functional comorbid deficits not seen in either OUD or neuroHIV alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt F Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA; Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, 203 East Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0059, USA
| | - Michael Ohene-Nyako
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Pamela E Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA; Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, 203 East Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0059, USA.
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Wang K, Li Z, Chao SW, Wu XW. Giant cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the popliteal fossa skin: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:11004-11009. [PMID: 36338233 PMCID: PMC9631129 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i30.11004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common malignant hyperplasia of the skin epithelium. However, cSCC progressing to giant squamous cell carcinoma of the popliteal fossa skin has not been reported. We used full-thickness skin graft from the lower left quadrant of the abdomen to reconstruct the popliteal fossa skin defect in our patient.
CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old woman presented with a 3-year history of a progressively enlarged integumentary tumor located on her left popliteal fossa, which was surgically treated. The resultant defect (15 cm × 25 cm) was repaired using full-thickness skin graft from the lower left quadrant of the abdomen.
CONCLUSION Full-thickness skin graft is a good choice to repair popliteal fossa defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi′an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Liver, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sheng-Wu Chao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, Qinghai Province, China
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