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Bach E, Fitzgerald SF, Williams-MacDonald SE, Mitchell M, Golde WT, Longbottom D, Nisbet AJ, Dinkla A, Sullivan E, Pinapati RS, Tan JC, Joosten LAB, Roest HJ, Østerbye T, Koets AP, Buus S, McNeilly TN. Genome-wide epitope mapping across multiple host species reveals significant diversity in antibody responses to Coxiella burnetii vaccination and infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257722. [PMID: 37954609 PMCID: PMC10637584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is an important zoonotic bacterial pathogen of global importance, causing the disease Q fever in a wide range of animal hosts. Ruminant livestock, in particular sheep and goats, are considered the main reservoir of human infection. Vaccination is a key control measure, and two commercial vaccines based on formalin-inactivated C. burnetii bacterins are currently available for use in livestock and humans. However, their deployment is limited due to significant reactogenicity in individuals previously sensitized to C. burnetii antigens. Furthermore, these vaccines interfere with available serodiagnostic tests which are also based on C. burnetii bacterin antigens. Defined subunit antigen vaccines offer significant advantages, as they can be engineered to reduce reactogenicity and co-designed with serodiagnostic tests to allow discrimination between vaccinated and infected individuals. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of antibody responses to C. burnetii vaccination and/or infection in cattle, goats, humans, and sheep through genome-wide linear epitope mapping to identify candidate vaccine and diagnostic antigens within the predicted bacterial proteome. Using high-density peptide microarrays, we analyzed the seroreactivity in 156 serum samples from vaccinated and infected individuals to peptides derived from 2,092 open-reading frames in the C. burnetii genome. We found significant diversity in the antibody responses within and between species and across different types of C. burnetii exposure. Through the implementation of three different vaccine candidate selection methods, we identified 493 candidate protein antigens for protein subunit vaccine design or serodiagnostic evaluation, of which 65 have been previously described. This is the first study to investigate multi-species seroreactivity against the entire C. burnetii proteome presented as overlapping linear peptides and provides the basis for the selection of antigen targets for next-generation Q fever vaccines and diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Bach
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Annemieke Dinkla
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction and Diagnostic Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Eric Sullivan
- Nimble Therapeutics, Inc., Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - John C. Tan
- Nimble Therapeutics, Inc., Madison, WI, United States
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hendrik-Jan Roest
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction and Diagnostic Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
- Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Den Haag, Netherlands
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Østerbye
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ad P. Koets
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction and Diagnostic Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Søren Buus
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Cortenbach KRG, Staal AHJ, Schoffelen T, Gorris MAJ, Van der Woude LL, Jansen AFM, Poyck P, Van Suylen RJ, Wever PC, Bleeker-Rovers CP, Srinivas M, Hebeda KM, van Deuren M, Van der Meer JW, De Vries JM, Van Kimmenade RRJ. Differences in local immune cell landscape between Q fever and atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysms identified by multiplex immunohistochemistry. eLife 2022; 11:72486. [PMID: 35137689 PMCID: PMC8871373 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic Q fever is a zoonosis caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii which can manifest as infection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Antibiotic therapy often fails, resulting in severe morbidity and high mortality. Whereas previous studies have focused on inflammatory processes in blood, the aim of this study was to investigate local inflammation in aortic tissue. Methods: Multiplex immunohistochemistry was used to investigate local inflammation in Q fever AAAs compared to atherosclerotic AAAs in aorta tissue specimen. Two six-plex panels were used to study both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Results: Q fever AAAs and atherosclerotic AAAs contained similar numbers of CD68+ macrophages and CD3+ T cells. However, in Q fever AAAs, the number of CD68+CD206+ M2 macrophages was increased, while expression of GM-CSF was decreased compared to atherosclerotic AAAs. Furthermore, Q fever AAAs showed an increase in both the number of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD3+CD8-FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Finally, Q fever AAAs did not contain any well-defined granulomas. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that despite the presence of pro-inflammatory effector cells, persistent local infection with C. burnetii is associated with an immune-suppressed microenvironment. Funding: This work was supported by SCAN consortium: European Research Area - CardioVascualar Diseases (ERA-CVD) grant [JTC2017-044] and TTW-NWO open technology grant [STW-14716].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander HJ Staal
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences
| | - Teske Schoffelen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre
| | - Mark AJ Gorris
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences
| | | | - Anne FM Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre
| | - Paul Poyck
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre
| | | | - Peter C Wever
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis
| | | | - Mangala Srinivas
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Jolanda M De Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences
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O'Connell EM, Harrison S, Dahlstrom E, Nash T, Nutman TB. A Novel, Highly Sensitive Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Diagnosis of Subarachnoid and Ventricular Neurocysticercosis and for Assessing Responses to Treatment. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:1875-1881. [PMID: 31232448 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of subarachnoid neurocysticercosis (NCC) is complicated, and assays that can guide treatment are not widely available. The reproducibility and scalability of molecular-based biomarkers would be of great use. METHODS The Taenia solium genome was mined and primers and probes were designed to target repeats with the highest coverage; the most sensitive, specific, and efficient repeat (TsolR13) was selected for clinical testing. We tested 46 plasma samples and 36 cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples taken from patients with subarachnoid or ventricular disease using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS The analytic sensitivity of TsolR13 was 97.3% at 240 attograms (ag) of T. solium genomic DNA and 100% analytic specificity. The clinical sensitivity in detecting active subarachnoid or ventricular disease in symptomatic patients was 100% in CSF and 81.3% in plasma. The predictive ability to distinguish active from cured disease was better for CSF (94.4% of those cured had negative qPCR results) than for plasma (86.7% of those cured tested negative). Some subjects also had plasma DNA detectable intermittently for years after being cured. Overall, the test performance was equivalent to T. solium antigen detection. CONCLUSIONS A qPCR test for the detection of the highly repetitive Tsol13 sequence has been developed and shown to be highly sensitive and specific for NCC, but also useful as a test of cure in CSF and for the definitive diagnosis of NCC in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M O'Connell
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases (LPD), Helminth Immunology Section, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarah Harrison
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases (LPD), Helminth Immunology Section, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Thomas B Nutman
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases (LPD), Helminth Immunology Section, Bethesda, Maryland
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Melenotte C, Million M, Raoult D. New insights in Coxiella burnetii infection: diagnosis and therapeutic update. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 18:75-86. [PMID: 31782315 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1699055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Coxiella burnetii infection is still challenging physicians, mainly because no international coordination has been stated to standardize the therapeutic strategy and improve the clinical outcomes.Areas covered: Based on the recent knowledge on Q fever, we review here the clinical practices from Q fever diagnosis to therapy. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar to perform the qualitative synthesis.Expert opinion: Four major critical points are highlighted in this review. The first point is that Q fever diagnosis has been reviewed in the light of the new diagnosis tools, including molecular biology, transthoracic echocardiography, and 18F-FDG-PET/CT-scan imaging. Q fever diagnosis results from the presence of a microbiological criterion in addition to a lesional criterion. Second, the identification of the anticardiolipin antibodies as a novel biological predictive marker for acute Q fever complications (hemophagocytic syndrome, acute Q fever endocarditis, alithiasic cholecystitis, hepatitis, and meningitis). Third, the observation of a coincidence between Q fever and non-Hodgkin lymphoma that has made persistent C. burnetii infection a risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Finally, we expose here the close follow-up we proposed from the French National Reference Center for patients with Q fever infection to detect relapse and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cléa Melenotte
- Infectious diseases department, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,Infectious diseases department, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Million
- Infectious diseases department, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,Infectious diseases department, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Infectious diseases department, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,Infectious diseases department, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Macías-Rioseco M, Riet-Correa F, Miller MM, Sondgeroth K, Fraga M, Silveira C, Uzal FA, Giannitti F. Bovine abortion caused by Coxiella burnetii: report of a cluster of cases in Uruguay and review of the literature. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:634-639. [PMID: 31179891 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719856394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A cluster of 4 bovine abortions caused by Coxiella burnetii occurred in a dairy herd in Uruguay during a 2-mo period. Case 1 consisted of a placenta from an aborted cow; cases 2-4 were fetuses and their placentas. Grossly, the placenta from one aborted cow had moderate, diffuse reddening of the cotyledons and loss of translucency of the intercotyledonary areas. No gross lesions were observed in the other 3 placentas. Microscopically, 2 of 4 placentas had fibrinonecrotizing placentitis with abundant intratrophoblastic gram-negative coccobacilli. C. burnetii was identified intralesionally by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in all 4 placentas, and by PCR and DNA sequencing in 3 placentas analyzed by these techniques. One fetus had mild neutrophilic alveolitis with multinucleate syncytial cells; no gross or microscopic lesions were observed in the other 2 fetuses examined. The lungs of the 3 fetuses were negative for C. burnetii by IHC. Tests performed to investigate other possible causes of abortions in the 4 cases were negative. C. burnetii causes Q fever in humans and coxiellosis in animals. Clusters of abortions in cattle by C. burnetii have not been reported previously, to our knowledge; this bacterium has been considered an opportunistic pathogen associated only with sporadic abortion in cattle. We present herein a cluster of 4 bovine abortions caused by C. burnetii in a dairy farm during a period of 2 mo and a review of the literature on C. burnetii infection in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Macías-Rioseco
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Macías-Rioseco, Riet-Correa, Fraga, Silveira, Giannitti).,Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay (Macías-Rioseco, Riet-Correa).,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California at Davis, San Bernardino, CA (Uzal).,Wyoming State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Miller, Sondgeroth).,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Macías-Rioseco, Riet-Correa, Fraga, Silveira, Giannitti).,Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay (Macías-Rioseco, Riet-Correa).,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California at Davis, San Bernardino, CA (Uzal).,Wyoming State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Miller, Sondgeroth).,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
| | - Myrna M Miller
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Macías-Rioseco, Riet-Correa, Fraga, Silveira, Giannitti).,Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay (Macías-Rioseco, Riet-Correa).,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California at Davis, San Bernardino, CA (Uzal).,Wyoming State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Miller, Sondgeroth).,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
| | - Kerry Sondgeroth
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Macías-Rioseco, Riet-Correa, Fraga, Silveira, Giannitti).,Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay (Macías-Rioseco, Riet-Correa).,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California at Davis, San Bernardino, CA (Uzal).,Wyoming State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Miller, Sondgeroth).,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
| | - Martin Fraga
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Macías-Rioseco, Riet-Correa, Fraga, Silveira, Giannitti).,Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay (Macías-Rioseco, Riet-Correa).,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California at Davis, San Bernardino, CA (Uzal).,Wyoming State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Miller, Sondgeroth).,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
| | - Caroline Silveira
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Macías-Rioseco, Riet-Correa, Fraga, Silveira, Giannitti).,Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay (Macías-Rioseco, Riet-Correa).,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California at Davis, San Bernardino, CA (Uzal).,Wyoming State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Miller, Sondgeroth).,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Macías-Rioseco, Riet-Correa, Fraga, Silveira, Giannitti).,Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay (Macías-Rioseco, Riet-Correa).,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California at Davis, San Bernardino, CA (Uzal).,Wyoming State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Miller, Sondgeroth).,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
| | - Federico Giannitti
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay (Macías-Rioseco, Riet-Correa, Fraga, Silveira, Giannitti).,Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay (Macías-Rioseco, Riet-Correa).,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California at Davis, San Bernardino, CA (Uzal).,Wyoming State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Miller, Sondgeroth).,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN (Giannitti)
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Prudent E, Lepidi H, Angelakis E, Raoult D. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and Peptide Nucleic Acid Probe-Based FISH for Diagnosis of Q Fever Endocarditis and Vascular Infections. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:e00542-18. [PMID: 29899006 PMCID: PMC6113452 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00542-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocarditis and vascular infections are common manifestations of persistent localized infection due to Coxiella burnetii, and recently, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was proposed as an alternative tool for their diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of FISH in a series of valve and vascular samples infected by C. burnetii We tested 23 C. burnetii-positive valves and thrombus samples obtained from patients with Q fever endocarditis. Seven aneurysms and thrombus specimens were retrieved from patients with Q fever vascular infections. Samples were analyzed by culture, immunochemistry, and FISH with oligonucleotide and PNA probes targeting C. burnetii-specific 16S rRNA sequences. The immunohistochemical analysis was positive for five (17%) samples with significantly more copies of C. burnetii DNA than the negative ones (P = 0.02). FISH was positive for 13 (43%) samples and presented 43% and 40% sensitivity compared to that for quantitative PCR (qPCR) and culture, respectively. PNA FISH detected C. burnetii in 18 (60%) samples and presented 60% and 55% sensitivity compared to that for qPCR and culture, respectively. Immunohistochemistry had 38% and 28% sensitivity compared to that for FISH and PNA FISH, respectively. Samples found positive by both immunohistochemistry and PNA FISH contained significantly more copies of C. burnetii DNA than the negative ones (P = 0.03). Finally, PNA FISH was more sensitive than FISH (60% versus 43%, respectively) for the detection of C. burnetii We provide evidence that PNA FISH and FISH are important assays for the diagnosis of C. burnetii endocarditis and vascular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Prudent
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Hubert Lepidi
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanouil Angelakis
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- French Reference Center for the Diagnosis and Study of Rickettsioses, Q fever and Bartonelloses, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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