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Gomez-Buendia A, Alvarez J, Bezos J, Mourelo J, Amado J, Saez JL, de Juan L, Romero B. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria: occurrence in skin test cattle reactors from official tuberculosis-free herds. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1361788. [PMID: 38356662 PMCID: PMC10864654 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1361788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are considered a relevant cause of non-specific reactions to the most widely applied bovine tuberculosis (bTB) test, the intradermal tuberculin test. In order to establish which NTM species might act as a potential source of such diagnostic interference, a collection of 373 isolates obtained from skin test positive cows from 359 officially tuberculosis-free (OTF) herds, culled in the framework of the bTB eradication campaign in Spain, were identified at the species level through PCR and Sanger sequencing of the 16S rDNA, hsp65 and rpoB genes. Of the 308 isolates for which a reliable identification was achieved, 32 different mycobacterial species were identified, with certain species being most represented: among M. avium complex members (n = 142, 46.1%), M. avium subsp. hominissuis (98; 69.0%) was the most abundant followed by M. avium subsp. avium (33, 23.2%), and M. intracellulare (7, 4.9%). Among non-MAC members (n = 166, 53.9%), M. nonchromogenicum (85; 27.6%) and M. bourgelatii (11; 5.6%) were the predominant species. In addition, mixed results were obtained in 53 isolates presenting up to 30 different genotypes, which could be indicative of new mycobacterial species. Our results represent a first step toward characterizing the diversity of NTM species that could interfere with official diagnostic tests for bTB eradication in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gomez-Buendia
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Alvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Mourelo
- Servicio de Sanidad Animal, Xunta de Galicia, Consellería de Medio Rural, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Amado
- Servicio de Laboratorio de Sanidad Animal y Vegetal, Dirección General de Ganadería y Sanidad Agraria, Consejería de Medio Rural y Política Agraria, Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Saez
- Subdirección General de Sanidad e Higiene Animal y Trazabilidad, Dirección General de la Producción Agraria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Boko CK, Zoclanclounon AR, Adoligbe CM, Dedehouanou H, M'Po M, Mantip S, Farougou S. Molecular diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis on postmortem carcasses during routine meat inspection in Benin: GeneXpert® testing to improve diagnostic scheme. Vet World 2022; 15:2506-2510. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2506-2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease of major public health importance, particularly in African countries, where control measures are limited or largely not applied. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of the currently used bovine TB diagnostic method at slaughterhouses in Benin; this is to contribute to the betterment and improvement in the epidemiological surveillance of the disease in the country.
Materials and Methods: A total of 40 tissue samples were collected from meat/viscera (lung, liver, heart, kidney, and the gastro-intestinal tract tissues) at Cotonou slaughterhouses from ruminants suspected to be infected with bovine TB during routine meat inspection. The collected samples were analyzed using GeneXpert testing technique as a reference method.
Results: Twenty-six samples tested positive out of the 40 suspected tissue samples collected by GeneXpert diagnostic technique; this shows the limitation of the routine meat inspection in detecting bovine TB as currently performed in Benin.
Conclusion: The outcome of the use of the molecular technique, therefore, supports the importance of the use of a molecular tool alongside the routine meat inspection for a better understanding of the epidemiology of bovine TB in Benin. However, more robust technical and policy efforts are needed for a sustainable implementation of such a strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille K. Boko
- Research Unit in Transmissible Diseases, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 2009, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Ange-Régis Zoclanclounon
- Research Unit in Transmissible Diseases, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 2009, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Camus M. Adoligbe
- Research Unit in Transmissible Diseases, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 2009, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Marguéritte M'Po
- Research Unit in Transmissible Diseases, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 2009, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Samuel Mantip
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 0001, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Souaïbou Farougou
- Research Unit in Transmissible Diseases, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 2009, Cotonou, Benin
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Tingan TK, Mensah GI, Agyekum EB, Amanor IB, Addo SO, Ayamdoo YI, Duah MS, Mosi L, Addo KK. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria, not Mycobacterium bovis, are a significant cause of TB-like lesions observed in slaughtered cattle in Ghana. IJID REGIONS (ONLINE) 2022; 3:8-14. [PMID: 35755480 PMCID: PMC9216640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim was to isolate and identify the species of mycobacteria causing tuberculous-like (TB-like) lesions in cattle in Ghana. Methods Between 2019 and 2020, 68 bovine tissue samples with TB-like lesions, identified during post slaughter examination, were obtained from four major abattoirs close to border towns in Ghana. The samples were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen medium. Isolated bacteria were characterized by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and observation for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) under a microscope. DNA was extracted from AFB-positive isolates, and mycobacterial speciation was performed by line probe assay using GenoType Mycobacterium CM and also with mycobacterial 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. Results No Mycobacterium bovis was identified; however 53 bacterial isolates were obtained, of which 41 were non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) strains and 12 were gram-positive bacteria. The predominant NTM species was M. fortuitum (43.9%, 18/41), with the rest being M. novocastrense, M. terrae, M. flavescens, M. holsaticum, M. cosmeticum, M. virginiense, M. intracellulare, M. mageritense, M. minnesotensis, M. duvalii, M. lehmannii, and M. koreense. Conclusions In cattle, NTM contribute significantly to lesions observed during slaughter examination and may be an important cause of zoonotic tuberculosis. A One Health surveillance of NTM in Ghana would provide insights into their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koge Tingan
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gloria Ivy Mensah
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Edward Bensa Agyekum
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ivy Brago Amanor
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Ofori Addo
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yolanda Isabel Ayamdoo
- Clinical Services, Veterinary Services Directorate, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Mabel Sarpong Duah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lydia Mosi
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kennedy Kwasi Addo
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Belete A, Tilahun S, Haile B, Demessie Y, Nigatu S, Getachew A, Getaneh G, Kebede E, Ejo M. Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and distribution of tuberculous lesions in cattle slaughtered at Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2021; 11:1986919. [PMID: 34745447 PMCID: PMC8567895 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2021.1986919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Ethiopia, bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a neglected disease that affects the economy and livelihoods of farmers. However, the available data is limited due to insufficient disease surveillance in the country. Therefore; this study aimed to assess the prevalence and distribution of lesions of BTB in cattle slaughtered at Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods Postmortem examinations were used to detect tuberculous lesions, while smear microscopy and histopathology were performed for the identification of acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Results Of 497 inspected slaughtered cattle, 45 (9.1%, 95%CI; 0.0668–0.1193) were diagnosed with BTB suggestive tuberculous lesions. A higher proportion of gross lesions was recorded in lymph nodes of lungs; at the mediastinal (14, 31.1%) and bronchial (10, 22.2%) lymph nodes, and followed by mesenteric lymph nodes (9, 20%). Of 45 tuberculous lesions; only 2 (4.4%) were identified as AFB positive by smear microscopy and histopathology. In the overall statistical analysis, body conditions of slaughtered cattle were found to be significantly associated with BTB tuberculous lesions (p < 0.05). Conclusion This finding provides the prevalence of BTB and distribution of tuberculous lesions in cattle slaughtered at the abattoir and highlights the need for a practicable control strategy of the disease in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Belete
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Selam Tilahun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Belete Haile
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yitayew Demessie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Seleshe Nigatu
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Getachew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Getaneh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Kebede
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mebrat Ejo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Ejo M, Haile B, Tariku T, Nigatu S, Kebede E, Bitew AB, Demessie Y, Getaneh G, Alebie A, Girma M, Ota F, Nuru A. Bacteriological and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from tuberculous lesions collected among slaughtered cattle, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:286. [PMID: 34666679 PMCID: PMC8527785 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Ethiopia, the distribution of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) has long been known and documented as a major problem of animal health. However, the burden of circulating M. bovis strains is poorly understood in the country. Therefore; this study aimed to identify and characterize the mycobacterial isolates responsible for BTB in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on tuberculous lesions that had been collected from slaughtered cattle between September 2018 to June 2019. Collected lesions were cultured and tested for tuberculous bacilli. The MPT64 assay and Genotype line probe assay (LPA) were used for identification of mycobacterial isolates, and region of deletion 4 (RD4) typing and spoligotyping were used to characterize the M. bovis strains. Results Of the total 1458 examined slaughtered cattle, only 62 (4.3, 95%CI; 0.0328–0.0542) had tuberculous lesions. The highest number of gross tuberculous lesions were observed from the lymph nodes of the thoracic cavity; at the mediastinal (40.3%, 25/62) and bronchial (22.6%, 14/62) lymph nodes. Of the 62 collected tuberculous lesions; 18 (29.0%) were culture positive for mycobacterium isolates, and only five isolates were confirmed for M. tuberculosis complex (MTBc) by the MPT64 assay and LPA. All the five MTBc isolates were positive for RD4 typing of M. bovis with a PCR product size of 446 bp, and no isolate was noticed to have M. tuberculosis. The detected M. bovis strains displayed five spoligotypes; with the common SB1176 and SB0133 M. bovis strains, although the two spoligotypes had not been previously reported. Conclusion The present study shows that BTB in North Gondar, Ethiopia, is caused by M. bovis strains SB1176 and SB0033, with low frequency. Thus, the finding highlights the importance of continuous surveillance for mycobacterial strains in cattle populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02349-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mebrat Ejo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Belete Haile
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaye Tariku
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Woldia University, P.O. Box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Seleshe Nigatu
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Kebede
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Belete Bitew
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yitayew Demessie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Getaneh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Atnaf Alebie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Musse Girma
- Aklilu Lema Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fusao Ota
- Medical Department, Seto Institute for Health Care, Tokushima University, 163-2, 7-chome, Dokihigashi, Kagawa-ken, Marugame-shi, 763-0082, Japan
| | - Anwar Nuru
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Occurrence of Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistance of E. coli O157:H7 Isolated from the Beef Carcass of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. Vet Med Int 2021; 2021:8046680. [PMID: 34580607 PMCID: PMC8464425 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8046680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
E. coli O157:H7 is one of the most virulent foodborne pathogens. The aim of this study was to isolate E. coli O157:H7, determine virulence genes carried by the organism, and assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates from beef carcass samples at Bahir Dar city. Swab samples (n = 280) were collected from the carcass of cattle slaughtered at the abattoir and processed using sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with cefixime telluride and confirmed with latex agglutination test. A polymerase chain reaction was performed on isolates for the detection of virulence genes stx1, stx2, hlyA, and eae. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Of 280 samples processed, 25 (8.9%) isolates were positive. Out of 25 isolates subjected for molecular detection, 8 (32%) and 14 (56%) isolates possessed stx1 and stx2 genes, respectively; from those, 5 (20%) isolates had both genes for the production of Shiga toxins. Compared from other virulent genes relatively higher proportion of 18 (72%) isolates carried the hlyA gene. Only 5 (2%) isolates were positive for eae. Resistance was detected in all 25 (100%) isolates and 3 (12%) against clindamycin and trimethoprim, respectively. This study result highlights the potential threat to public health. The abattoir workers need to be aware about the pathogen and should follow appropriate practices to prevent contamination of meat intended for human consumption.
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Zulu M, Monde N, Nkhoma P, Malama S, Munyeme M. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Humans, Animals, and Water in Zambia: A Systematic Review. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2021.679501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals that are emerging with a serious public health impact particularly in individuals with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes. Recent scientific evidence is shifting from NTMs being known as traditional environmental organisms to serious pathogenic organisms in both animals and humans. In humans, factors attributable to this rise have been linked mainly to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome pandemic. In recent years there has been an increase in multidrug resistant Tuberculosis in Zambia and it is thought that NTMs could possibly be the cause. This study was therefore formulated to review available information on the prevalence of NTM in humans, animals and the environment, species distribution, zoonotic potential and public health importance in Zambia. This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was done in PubMed and Google scholar using predefined search terms such as ‘nontuberculous mycobacteria’, ‘atypical mycobacteria’, ‘mycobacteria other than mycobacterium tuberculosis’ and ‘Zambia’, in combination with Boolean operators (AND, OR). This particular systematic review draws findings based on literature search between 2000 and 2020. Through literature search 243 papers were identified, 23 duplicates were identified and removed and 206 articles were excluded as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The full text of the remaining 14 articles were considered for this review. The overall prevalence of NTM in humans was 24.39%, in water 21.5%, in animals 16.05% of which the prevalence in cattle was 14.81% and Kafue Lechwe 1.23%. Mycobacterium intracellulare was the most common isolated nontuberculous mycobacteria in humans and cattle while Mycobacterium gordonae was the most common in water, and Mycobacterium stomatepiae sp Nov in Kafue Lechwe. Nontuberculous mycobacteria are an emerging public health threat in Zambia both in humans and animals and this calls for the need for molecular information on the zoonotic transmission of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Increased awareness of nontuberculous mycobacteria diseases among clinicians and laboratory personnel is crucial for patient management and an essential step for facilitating the identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria species in laboratories.
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Zavgorodnii AI, Pozmogova SA, Kalashnyk MV, Paliy AP, Plyuta LV, Palii AP. Etiological factors in triggering non-specific allergic reactions to tuberculin in cattle. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents the results of allergic and bacteriological studies of cattle from a tuberculosis-free farm. The presence of cattle reacting to an allergen from atypical mycobacteria was established in three allergic simultaneous tests during 2019–2020. Based on the results obtained, the causative agent of tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria were not isolated during the bacteriological examination of a biological material from animals slaughtered for diagnostic purposes (n = 17), as well as soil (n = 5) and straw (n = 3) samples. However, microorganisms of the genera Nocardia (n = 2), Rhodococcus (n = 10), and Actinomyces (n = 5) were isolated from the biomaterial according to the results of microscopy, culture and biochemical tests. These microorganisms were also isolated from the soil and straw samples. Short-term non-specific reactions in cattle to mycobacterial allergens were due to the persistence and circulation of the aforementioned microorganisms closely related to mycobacteria. It was determined that the genera Nocardia and Rhodococcus are sensitive to the 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% solutions of glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde and sodium hydroxide. Thus, it is necessary to take into account the epizootic situation as to the presence of nocardioform microorganisms in the herd during routine allergic studies, as well as in case of differentiation between specific reactions and paraallergic and pseudoallergic ones. It is necessary to carry out comprehensive systematic studies of livestock and feed quality assessment. For the purpose of disinfection, glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde at a concentration of 1.0% are effective in destroying microorganisms of the genera Nocardia and Rhodococcus with 3-hour exposure or more.
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Srinivasan S, Conlan AJK, Easterling LA, Herrera C, Dandapat P, Veerasami M, Ameni G, Jindal N, Raj GD, Wood J, Juleff N, Bakker D, Vordermeier M, Kapur V. A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination Against Bovine Tuberculosis: Is Perfect the Enemy of Good? Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:637580. [PMID: 33681334 PMCID: PMC7930010 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.637580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 50 million cattle are likely exposed to bovine tuberculosis (bTB) worldwide, highlighting an urgent need for bTB control strategies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and other regions where the disease remains endemic and test-and-slaughter approaches are unfeasible. While Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was first developed as a vaccine for use in cattle even before its widespread use in humans, its efficacy against bTB remains poorly understood. To address this important knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the direct efficacy of BCG against bTB challenge in cattle, and performed scenario analyses with transmission dynamic models incorporating direct and indirect vaccinal effects (“herd-immunity”) to assess potential impact on herd level disease control. The analysis shows a relative risk of infection of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.82) in 1,902 vaccinates as compared with 1,667 controls, corresponding to a direct vaccine efficacy of 25% (95% CI: 18, 32). Importantly, scenario analyses considering both direct and indirect effects suggest that disease prevalence could be driven down close to Officially TB-Free (OTF) status (<0.1%), if BCG were introduced in the next 10-year time period in low to moderate (<15%) prevalence settings, and that 50–95% of cumulative cases may be averted over the next 50 years even in high (20–40%) disease burden settings with immediate implementation of BCG vaccination. Taken together, the analyses suggest that BCG vaccination may help accelerate control of bTB in endemic settings, particularly with early implementation in the face of dairy intensification in regions that currently lack effective bTB control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenidhi Srinivasan
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Andrew J K Conlan
- Disease Dynamics Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laurel A Easterling
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christian Herrera
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Premanshu Dandapat
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Gobena Ameni
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Gopal Dhinakar Raj
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biological, Tamil Nadu University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - James Wood
- Disease Dynamics Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Juleff
- The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Douwe Bakker
- Technical Consultant and Independent Researcher, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Martin Vordermeier
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom.,Centre for Bovine Tuberculosis, Institute for Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Kapur
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Borham M, Oreiby A, El-Gedawy A, Hegazy Y, Hemedan A, Al-Gaabary M. Abattoir survey of bovine tuberculosis in tanta, centre of the Nile delta, with in silico analysis of gene mutations and protein-protein interactions of the involved mycobacteria. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:434-450. [PMID: 33484233 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is a transboundary disease of high economic and public health burden worldwide. In this study, post-mortem examination of 750 cattle and buffalo in Tanta abattoir, Centre of the Nile Delta, revealed visible TB in 4% of animals and a true prevalence of 6.85% (95% CI: 5.3%-8.9%). Mycobacterial culture, histopathology and RT-PCR targeting all members of M. tuberculosis complex were performed, upon which 85%, 80% and 100% of each tested lesions were confirmed as TB, respectively. Mpb70-targeting PCR was conducted on ten RT-PCR positive samples for sequencing and identified nine Mycobacterium (M.) bovis strains and, interestingly, one M. tuberculosis (Mtb) strain from a buffalo. Bioinformatics tools were used for prediction of mutations, nucleotide polymorphisms, lineages, drug resistance and protein-protein interactions (PPI) of the sequenced strains. The Mtb strain was resistant to rifampicin, isoniazid and streptomycin, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of multidrug resistant (MDR)-Mtb originating from buffaloes. Seven M. bovis strains were resistant to ethambutol and ethionamide. Such resistances were associated with KatG, rpoB, rpsL, embB and ethA genes mutations. Other mutations and nucleotide polymorphisms were also predicted, some are reported for the first time and require experimental work for validation. PPI revealed more interactions than what would be expected for a random set of proteins of similar size and had dense interactions between nodes that are biologically connected, as a group. Two M. bovis strains belonged to BOV AFRI lineage (Spoligotypes BOV 1; BOV 2) and eight strains belonged to East-Asian (Beijing) lineage. In conclusion, visible TB was prevalent in the study area, RT-PCR is the best to confirm the disease, MDR-Mtb is associated with buffalo TB, and mycobacteria of different lineages carry many resistance genes to chemotherapeutic agents used in treatment of human TB constituting a major public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Borham
- Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute Matrouh Lab, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Atef Oreiby
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Attia El-Gedawy
- Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yamen Hegazy
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hemedan
- Bioinformatics Core, Luxembourg Centre For Systems Biomedicine, Luxembourg University, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Magdy Al-Gaabary
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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11
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Asmare K, Sibhat B, Demissie K, Mamo G, Skjerve E, Ameni G. Tuberculosis in small ruminants and dromedary camels in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2020; 185:105181. [PMID: 33166824 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease of livestock with serious economic and public health impact in Ethiopia. The disease is reported from cattle, small ruminants and dromedary camels in the country. However, there is no organized summary report on the magnitude and distribution pattern of TB in small ruminants and dromedary camels, unlike that of bovine TB. Consequent to this gap, this review was organized to provide pooled prevalence estimates, and examine level of heterogeneity among studies at national level. In addition, it attempts to illustrate the spatial distribution patterns along the three livestock species based on available reports. Tuberculosis articles on the aforesaid livestock species were searched online using PubMed, CAB direct, Web of Science and AJOL databases. Eighteen articles published from January 2000 to May 15, 2020, written in the English language that fulfill the selection quality criteria were considered for the review. Altogether, 50 district based observational studies conducted on 10,371 goats, 6262 dromedary camels, and 1457 sheep were used for analysis. Accordingly, the pooled prevalence estimates of TB, in a random effect model were 2.3 % (95 % CI: 1.7, 3.1) for goats, 0.8 % (95 % CI: 0.5, 1.4) for sheep and 8.2 % (95 % CI: 6.6, 10.2) for dromedary camels. The subgroup analysis revealed presence of statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) in pooled prevalence estimates among the three species. In multivariable meta-regression model, diagnostic methods used for screening (single intra-dermal comparative cervical tuberculin test (SICCTT)> 2mm, SICCTT > 4mm and detailed postmortem inspection) were the only predictors identified to show statistically significant difference (p<0.001) and explained 68.6 % of the explainable heterogeneity (R2 =0.686) in goat TB studies. In general, study reports on small ruminant and dromedary camel TB are limited throughout the country. The most significant data gaps were in Gambella, and Benshangul-Gumuz regional states, where no single report could be retrieved on small ruminant TB. Limitation of study reports and lack of comparable categories constrained further investigation on other predictors in sheep and camel studies. Thus, the authors would like to emphasize the need for more representative studies in the species of concern in all regions of the country. Meanwhile, the relatively higher proportion of TB in dromedary camels demands special attention in arid and semiarid parts of the country, as it is the leading livestock species on which agropastoralist and pastoralists livelihoods depend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassahun Asmare
- American University of Beirut, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 11-0236, El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
| | - Berhanu Sibhat
- College Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Kassa Demissie
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Gezahegne Mamo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology, Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Eystein Skjerve
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gobena Ameni
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Asaava LLA, Githui WA, Mwangi M, Mwangi E, Juma E, Moraa R, Halakhe A, Gicheru MM. Isolation, identification and associated risk factors of non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection in humans and dromedary camels in Samburu County, Kenya. Zoonoses Public Health 2020; 67:713-731. [PMID: 32697047 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are of public health significance, and zoonotic infection is attributed to the sociocultural practice of consumption of raw milk and the close human-livestock contact in pastoral communities. This study aimed at isolation, identification of mycobacteria from human sputum and camel milk and risk factors assessment in Samburu East, Kenya. Six hundred and twelve camels and 48 people presumed to have tuberculosis (TB) from 86 households in Wamba and Waso regions were screened. Camels were categorized into Somali, Turkana and Rendile breeds. Single intradermal comparative tuberculin test (SICTT) was used as a herd-screening test on lactating camels and a milk sample collected from reactive camels. Sputum samples were collected from eligible members of participating households. A standard questionnaire on possible risk factors for both humans and camels was administered to respective household heads or their representatives. Total camel skin test reactors were 238/612 (38.9%). Milk and sputum samples were analysed at KEMRI/TB research laboratory for microscopy, GeneXpert® , culture and identification. Isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing at Inqaba biotec in South Africa. Sixty-four isolates were acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positive of which M. fortuitum (3), M. szulgai (20), M. monacense (5), M. lehmanni (4), M. litorale (4), M. elephantis (3), M. duvalii (3), M. brasiliensis (1), M. arcueilense (1) and M. lentiflavum (1) were from milk; M. fortuitum (1), M. szulgai (2) and M. litorale (1) were from humans. Risk factors included the following: Turkana breed (OR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.2-9.3), replacements from outside the County (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 0.3-12.3), presence of other domestic species (small stock; OR = 4.6) and replacement from within the herd (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 0.7-14.7). Zoonotic risk practices included raw milk consumption, shared housing and handling camels. Monitoring of zoonotic NTM through surveillance and notification systems is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L A Asaava
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Zoological Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Willie A Githui
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Center for Respiratory Diseases Research (CRDR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kenyatta National Hospital Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Moses Mwangi
- Center for Public Health Research (CPHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kenyatta National Hospital Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Edwin Mwangi
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Center for Respiratory Diseases Research (CRDR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kenyatta National Hospital Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ernest Juma
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Center for Respiratory Diseases Research (CRDR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kenyatta National Hospital Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth Moraa
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Center for Respiratory Diseases Research (CRDR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kenyatta National Hospital Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Adan Halakhe
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Zoological Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael M Gicheru
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Zoological Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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13
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Wang C, Sun R, Wang C, Qian A, Jiang X. M.neoaurum infection increased the inhibitory function of Tregs and the death rate associated with Salmonella coinfection. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:108-115. [PMID: 32544633 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium neoaurum belongs to the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and is ubiquitously present in the environment. However, the changes in Treg percentages and suppressive properties in mice infected with M. neoaurum are still not elucidated. In this study, mice were intraperitoneally injected with M. neoaurum. The change in the CD4+CD25+ Treg cell percentage in the spleen was analyzed using flow cytometry. There was a significant increase in the number of CD4+CD25+ cells by week 6 postinfection, with a peak proportion of approximately 2%. The Foxp3 and IL-10 mRNA expression in CD4+CD25+ cells from the spleens of M.neoaurum-infected mice was higher than that in CD4+CD25+ cells from the spleens of noninfected controls. Proliferation suppression assay results indicated that CD4+CD25+ cells suppressed the proliferation of CD4+CD25- cells at week 6 after M.neoaurum infection, and the suppression rate reached 89.8%. However, CD4+CD25+ cells from the noninfected control group did not suppress the proliferation of CD4+CD25- cells. Based on the above results, mice were subjected to oral administration of S. Typhimurium at 6 weeks postinfection with M. neoaurum, and we found that the mortality of the M.neoaurum-S. Typhimurium infection group was higher than that of the S. Typhimurium infection group. In addition, serious pathological changes appeared in the liver and cecum of the M.neoaurum-S.Typhimurium infection group compared with those of the S. Typhimurium infection group. M. neoaurum increased Treg percentages and suppressed spleen function in mice. These results revealed the possibility that persistent M.neoaurum infection could increase the occurrence of secondary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rongkuan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Aidong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiuyun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics and Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
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14
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Komatsu T, Ohya K, Sawai K, Odoi JO, Otsu K, Ota A, Ito T, Kawai M, Maruyama F. Draft genome sequences of Mycolicibacterium peregrinum isolated from a pig with lymphadenitis and from soil on the same Japanese pig farm. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:341. [PMID: 31208450 PMCID: PMC6580614 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mycolicibacterium peregrinum, a rapidly growing mycobacterial species, can opportunistically infect humans and other animals. Although M. peregrinum infections in animals have been reported, the infection sources are unknown, as is information on its virulence and drug resistant genes, which limits our current understanding of this bacterium. To address this knowledge gap, we obtained draft genome sequences for two M. peregrinum isolates; one from a case of pig lymphadenitis and one from the pig farm’s soil. Data description We report here the draft genome sequences of M. peregrinum isolates 131_1 and 138 (6,451,733-bp and 6,479,047-bp). They were isolated from a pig with mesenteric lymph node lymphadenitis and from soil on the Japanese farm where the pig was reared. A sequence alignment identity score of 100% was obtained by in silico DNA–DNA hybridization of the two isolates, while 98.28% (isolate 131_1) and 98.27% (isolate 138) scores were recorded for hybridization with a human isolate. Both isolates carry arr-1, AAC(2′)-Ib, RbpA, mtrA and tap drug-resistance genes. Isolates 131_1 and 138 carry 234 and 236 putative virulence genes, respectively. Therefore, environment M. peregrinum is potentially drug resistant and can cause swine lymphadenitis. Our data provides valuable new information for future studies on nontuberculous mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Komatsu
- Aichi Prefectural Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1-306 Jizouno, Miaicho, Okazaki, 4440805, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 5011193, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 5011193, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 5011193, Japan.,Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sawai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 5011193, Japan.,Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050856, Japan
| | - Justice Opare Odoi
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 5011193, Japan
| | - Keiko Otsu
- Gifu Prefectural Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 5011112, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ota
- Data Science Center, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 6300192, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068501, Japan.,Laboratory of Proteome Research, Proteome Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Kawai
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068501, Japan
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068501, Japan. .,Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, 4811230, Chile.
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15
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Michelet L, de Cruz K, Karoui C, Tambosco J, Moyen JL, Hénault S, Boschiroli ML. Second line molecular diagnosis for bovine tuberculosis to improve diagnostic schemes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207614. [PMID: 30475835 PMCID: PMC6261039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is partly based on the sanitary inspection of carcasses at the abattoir to detect bTB-like lesions which, in compliance with EU recommendations, are analysed by bacteriology and histopathology to disclose Mycobacterium bovis (or M. caprae) infection. Moreover, since 2012, a PCR method with similar sensitivity and specificity values of histopathology and bacteriology respectively is additionally employed in France, partially compensating for the weaknesses of classical diagnostic methods. We analysed a collection of bTB-like lesions from cattle presenting positive histological results albeit with negative PCR results. We present here the results of these samples, recovered from 292 animals culled between 2013 and 2016, analysed with a second line molecular diagnosis approach that consists in a combination of PCRs targeting the M. tuberculosis-M. avium complexes as well as the Mycobacterium genus and sequencing of hsp65 gene. These molecular analyses disclosed to identify the presence of non-tuberculous bacteria which could be responsible for most of these non-specific TB lesions: non tuberculous mycobacteria (24%) or Actinomycetales (56%) such as Rhodococcus equi (53%); 24% of the samples were negative. M. bovis -or any other MTBC members- was neither detected by molecular methods nor isolated in any of them at the end of the 3 months of culture. In conclusion, these results highlight the lack of specificity of histopathology and the usefulness of a first line PCR with a second line molecular diagnostic test to circumvent it. This diagnostic strategy makes it possible to reduce the number of suspect bTB cases raised at the abattoir or shortening their lock-up periods. By simplifying diagnostic schemes, the use of this tool could improve bTB surveillance and make eradication programs more efficient in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Michelet
- University Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Krystel de Cruz
- University Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Claudine Karoui
- University Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jennifer Tambosco
- University Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jean-Louis Moyen
- Laboratoire Départemental d'Analyse et de Recherche de Dordogne, Coulounieix Chamiers, France
| | - Sylvie Hénault
- University Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - María Laura Boschiroli
- University Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France
- * E-mail:
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16
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Romha G, Gebru G, Asefa A, Mamo G. Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in animals: Transmission dynamics and control challenges of zoonotic TB in Ethiopia. Prev Vet Med 2018; 158:1-17. [PMID: 30220382 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is the cause of tuberculosis (TB) in humans and other animals. Specifically, Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) are highly pathogenic mycobacteria that may infect different animal species and are the sources of TB in humans. The objective of this paper was to review the epidemiology of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis in animals. The review also highlighted the transmission dynamics of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis in humans and animals and control challenges of zoonotic TB in Ethiopia. The literature review focused on scientific peer-reviewed articles from studies exclusively conducted in Ethiopia that were published from 1998 to 2017. Husbandry system, breed and herd size have significant role in the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in Ethiopia. The information presented reveals that different strains of M. bovis are widely distributed in domestic animals predominantly in the Ethiopian cattle and the main strain was found to be SB1176. In addition, the isolation of M. tuberculosis from domestic animals in different settings signifies the circulation of the agent between humans and animals in Ethiopia. The life styles of the Ethiopian communities, close contact with domestic animals and/or the habit of consuming raw animal products, are suggested as the main factors for transmission of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis between human and animal which may have impact on the TB control program in human. In Ethiopia, a human TB control program has been widely implemented, however, the role of animal in the transmission of the causative agent has been neglected which could be one of the challenges for an effective control program. This warrants the need for incorporating animal TB control programs using "One Health" approach for effective TB control for both human and animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebremedhin Romha
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.
| | - Gebreyohans Gebru
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Aksum University, Shire, Ethiopia.
| | - Abrha Asefa
- Department of Geography, College of Social Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.
| | - Gezahegne Mamo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.
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