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Imposimato I, Mariella J, Freccero F, Gialletti R. Corneal Ulcers in Critically Ill Foals in Intensive Care: Case Series of Standard Treatment and Corneal Cross-Linking. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 130:104910. [PMID: 37625627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Riboflavin/UV-A corneal cross-linking (CXL) has been applied to treat corneal ulcers in adult horses, but its use in critically ill neonatal foals has not been described. Five cases of hospitalized, critically ill neonatal foals that were in intensive care with corneal ulcers, the ophthalmic treatment, and their outcome up to 1 year are described. A single treatment of CXL phototherapy was performed in three of five foals (five eyes). The application of a riboflavin ophthalmic solution for 20 minutes was followed by the UV-A light irradiation at 30 mW/cm2 for 3 minutes. Topical antibiotic administration was withdrawn after CXL. Two other foals received standard treatment. Descriptions of ocular lesions, fluorescein staining, and photographic documentation were recorded. The visual outcome, corneal transparency, and aesthetics, as well as healing time were evaluated in the follow-up. The frequency of topical medication considerably decreased in cases treated with CXL. Corneal opacity and pain decreased within 3 days following CXL. In the foals treated with CXL, the ulcers healed (fluorescein stain negative) in 24, 28, and 35 days after the onset of clinical signs and 10, 15, and 21, after CXL. No fibrosis or corneal scars were found in the cases treated with CXL. The two standard treatment cases healed after 26 and 36 days respectively. Corneal cross-linking may be an additional or alternative treatment of corneal ulcers in critically ill neonatal foals and may reduce the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Imposimato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Jole Mariella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Freccero
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Gialletti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Faghihi H, Rajaei SM, Aftab G, Ozmai S, Golabdar S. Ophthalmic findings in a herd of Caspian miniature horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Houman Faghihi
- Ophthalmology Section Negah Veterinary Centre Tehran Iran
| | | | - Ghazal Aftab
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Ozmai
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch Tehran Iran
| | - Salar Golabdar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran Tehran Iran
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Santibáñez R, Lara F, Barros TM, Mardones E, Cuadra F, Thomson P. Ocular Microbiome in a Group of Clinically Healthy Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080943. [PMID: 35454190 PMCID: PMC9028004 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ocular microbiome in horses is poorly described compared to other species, and most of the information available in the literature is based on traditional techniques, which has limited the depth of the knowledge on the subject. The objective of this study was to characterize and predict the metabolic pathways of the ocular microbiome of a group of healthy horses. Conjunctival swabs were obtained from both eyes of 14 horses, and DNA extraction was performed from the swabs, followed by next generation sequencing and bioinformatics analyses employing DADA2 and PICRUSt2. A total of 17 phyla were identified, of which Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria) was the most abundant (59.88%), followed by Actinomycetota (Actinobacteria) (22.44%) and Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes) (16.39%), totaling an average of 98.72% of the communities. Similarly, of the 278 genera identified, Massilia, Pedobacter, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Suttonella and Verticia were present in more than 5% of the samples analyzed. Both Actinobacteria and Bacteroides showed great heterogeneity within the samples. The most abundant inferred metabolic functions were related to vital functions for bacteria such as aerobic respiration, amino acid, and lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Santibáñez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago 8940000, Chile;
| | - Felipe Lara
- Unidad de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370134, Chile;
| | - Teresa M. Barros
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine Specialty Ophthalmology Intern, Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital, Auburn, AL 36832, USA;
| | - Elizabeth Mardones
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica y Microbioma, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370134, Chile; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Françoise Cuadra
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica y Microbioma, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370134, Chile; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Pamela Thomson
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica y Microbioma, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370134, Chile; (E.M.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-227-703-688
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Vercruysse EM, Narinx FP, Rives ACM, Sauvage AC, Grauwels MF, Monclin SJ. Equine ulcerative keratitis in Belgium: Associated bacterial isolates and in vitro antimicrobial resistance in 200 eyes. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 25:326-337. [PMID: 35343046 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe bacterial isolates and associated antibiotic resistance from horses with ulcerative keratitis in Belgium. METHODS Medical records from horses with ulcerative keratitis presented to the ophthalmology service of the Veterinary teaching hospital of Liege, Belgium, between 2014 and 2021 were evaluated. Bacterial isolates were identified and VITEK® 2 (Biomérieux) provided antimicrobial susceptibility testing and resistance detection. RESULTS Two hundred eyes of 196 horses were sampled. Ninety-seven eyes had a positive bacterial culture (48.5%) and 139 bacterial isolates were identified. Staphylococcus (63/139: 45.3%) and Streptococcus (33/139: 23.7%) were the most frequent genus isolated. Staphylococcus aureus (21/139: 15.1%) was the most frequent species isolated of which half were methicillin-resistant (MRS). Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (19/139: 13.7%) was the second most identified bacterial isolate. Only two Pseudomonas species were isolated (2/139: 1.4%). The overall resistance of all bacterial isolates against chloramphenicol (12.4%) and fluoroquinolones (14.3%) was low. Resistance against tobramycin, polymyxin B, gentamicin, fusidic acid, tetracycline, and neomycin ranged from 40.8% to 58.6%. When separating the MRS from the other staphylococci, a significant difference was noted in percentage of resistance to gentamicin (p = .00026) and tetracycline (p = .00015). MRS were highly resistant to gentamicin (75%) and tetracycline (100%), whereas the remaining staphylococci were significantly less resistant to gentamicin (17%) and tetracycline (40.4%). CONCLUSION Although Pseudomonas species has been rarely cultured, our results are roughly consistent with previous studies. Multiple drug resistance was high and resistance to first-choice antibiotics in ulcerative keratitis was noted. These results warrant continued monitoring of susceptibility profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline M Vercruysse
- Ophthalmology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Florine P Narinx
- Ophthalmology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Albane C M Rives
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aurélie C Sauvage
- Ophthalmology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Magda F Grauwels
- Ophthalmology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sébastien J Monclin
- Ophthalmology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Fraczkowska K, Zak-Bochenek A, Siwinska N, Rypula K, Ploneczka-Janeczko K. Aerobic Commensal Conjunctival Microflora in Healthy Donkeys. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060756. [PMID: 35327153 PMCID: PMC8944520 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The mucosa of the conjunctival sac in mammals is colonized by a group of bacteria, and their interdependence is referred to as commensalism—the coexistence of two different species populations benefiting at least one of the partners. The presence of conjunctival bacterial commensal flora is very important for the capacity of the non-specific immune response. Some of the bacteria are described as conditionally pathogenic, meaning that in the case of breaking down protective barriers, they may act as pathogens. Knowledge of the commensal flora of healthy individuals is of great clinical importance in the diagnosis of pathological conditions. The aim of this study is to assess the presence and the composition of normal ocular microflora of healthy donkeys. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report that provides knowledge about commensal microflora in the conjunctival sac of donkeys bred in Central Europe. Abstract From a clinical point of view, knowledge of the commensal microbial flora of the conjunctival sac in healthy individuals proves to be of great importance. The aim of this study was to assess the presence and the composition of normal ocular microflora of healthy donkeys. Fourteen clinically healthy donkeys (Equus asinus) participated in the study. After prior ophthalmological examination, which showed no abnormalities, a conjunctival swab was taken from each donkey from the right and left eye. Species-specific identification was based on a morphological assessment of bacterial colonies stained with the Gram technique, as well as on biochemical properties and the disk-diffusion method. Around 82% of samples were positive for bacteria cultivation; Pantoea agglomerans was the most prevalently detected species, followed by Moraxella lacunata. In conclusion, our study made it possible to determine the commensal flora of the conjunctival sac in donkeys. The obtained results also showed discrepancies in the composition of the conjunctival sac flora of donkeys and horses, despite the geographical proximity of performed studies. Knowledge of the commensal conjunctival flora of donkeys is of great clinical importance due to their greater exposure to corneal damage and infections than horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Fraczkowska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Zak-Bochenek
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalia Siwinska
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Rypula
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.R.); (K.P.-J.)
| | - Katarzyna Ploneczka-Janeczko
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.R.); (K.P.-J.)
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Omaleki L, Blackall PJ, Bisgaard M, Turni C. Molecular and serological characterization of Riemerella isolates associated with poultry in Australia. Avian Pathol 2020; 50:31-40. [PMID: 32990455 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1828568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A total of 62 isolates of Riemerella-like organisms, originally isolated from Australian poultry (10 from chickens, 46 from ducks, five from unknown hosts and one vaccine strain), were included in this study. On the basis of two published polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays that are reported to be specific for Riemerella anatipestifer, 51 of the isolates were identified as R. anatipestifer. Forty-six of these isolates had a detailed history and were sourced from ducks, while five were of unknown origin. The 11 remaining isolates failed to yield a positive reaction in either PCR with 10 originating from chickens and one from a duck. Amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of these isolates identified the duck isolate as Moraxella lacunta. Phylogenetic analysis of the 10 chicken isolates identified one as R. columbina and the remaining nine isolates as Riemerella-like taxon 2. The 51 Australian R. anatipestifer isolates were assigned by gel diffusion test to serovars 1 (26 isolates), 6 (seven isolates), 8 (five isolates), 9 (two isolates), 13 (one isolate) and 14 (one isolate) while nine isolates gave no reaction to any antiserum. A commercial system was used to perform DNA fingerprinting using rep-PCR analysis, which revealed different clusters with a lack of a clear relationship between the clusters and the serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Omaleki
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Queensland Australia
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Queensland Australia
| | - Magne Bisgaard
- Professor Emeritus, Bisgaard Consulting, Viby Sjaelland, Denmark
| | - Conny Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Queensland Australia
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