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Deng M, Chen N, Guidarini C, Xu Z, Zhang J, Cai L, Yuan S, Sun Y, Metcalfe L. Prevalence and genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy herds of China. Vet Microbiol 2019; 242:108565. [PMID: 32122580 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To determine the nationwide prevalence and genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in China, 92 dairy farms with more than 500 animals in 19 provinces of China were surveyed in 2017. At each farm, ear notch samples from calves less than six months old and bulk tank milk (BTM) samples were collected. A total of 901 ear notch samples and 329 BTM samples from 183 tanks were sampled. A total of 20 (20/901, 2.22 %) ear notch samples from 10 (10/92, 10.86 %) farms tested positive for BVDV by IDEXX Antigen Point-of-Care (POC) Test kit and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, 80 of 183 (80/183, 43.7 %) BTM samples from 43 (43/92, 46.7 %) farms were identified as positive by qRT-PCR. The RNA of positive and suspect samples identified by qRT-PCR was subjected to 5'- untranslated region (UTR) amplification by nested RT-PCR and then sequenced. A total of 119 sequences were obtained and phylogenetic analysis of these 5'-UTR sequences revealed the presence of eight different subgenotypes of BVDV-1 including 1a (n = 37, 31.09 %), 1b (n = 5, 4.20 %), 1c (n = 34, 28.57 %), 1d (n = 2, 1.68 %), 1m (n = 25, 21.01 %), 1q (n = 6, 5.04 %), and two unknown subgenotypes which were tentatively typed as "BVDV-1v" (n = 8, 6.72 %) and "BVDV-1w" (n = 2, 1.68 %), respectively. BVDV-1a, 1c, and 1m were the dominant strains, collectively accounting for 80.67 % (96/119) of all sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on selected N-terminal autoprotease (Npro) sequences confirmed the classification of the 5'-UTR sequences. In conclusion, the prevalence of BVDV persistent infection in dairy cattle was high and genetic diversity was high and increasing, revealing a serious threat to the health of cattle in China and highlighting the need for BVDV control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Deng
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ning Chen
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Christian Guidarini
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Binger Straße 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Zhihua Xu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Int'l Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Int'l Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Lingjie Cai
- Boehringer Ingelheim Int'l Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Shishan Yuan
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanyong Sun
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lucy Metcalfe
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Binger Straße 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
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Wang M, Yan Y, Wang R, Wang L, Zhou H, Li Y, Tang L, Xu Y, Jiang Y, Cui W, Qiao X. Simultaneous Detection of Bovine Rotavirus, Bovine Parvovirus, and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Using a Gold Nanoparticle-Assisted PCR Assay With a Dual-Priming Oligonucleotide System. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2884. [PMID: 31921061 PMCID: PMC6920155 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine rotavirus (BRV), bovine parvovirus (BPV), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are the pathogens that cause diarrhea primarily in newborn calves. A mixed infection of BRV, BPV, and BVDV makes clinical diagnosis difficult. In this study, we designed dual-priming oligonucleotide (DPO) primers the VP6 gene of BRV, VP2 gene of BPV, and 5′UTR gene of BVDV and synthesized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with an average diameter of 10 nm. We combined the DPOs with the GNPs to develop a DPO-nanoPCR assay for detecting BRV, BPV, and BVDV. The annealing temperature, primer concentration, and GNP concentration were optimized for this assay. Compared to a conventional PCR assay, the DPO-nanoPCR assay allowed the use of a wider range of annealing temperatures (41–65°C) to effectively amplify target genes. PCR amplification was the most efficient at 56.2°C using conventional primers. The optimal volume of all the primers (10 μM) was 1.0 μL. The optimal volume of GNPs (10 nM) for all the reactions was 0.5 μL. The detection limits of DPO-nanoPCR for pMD19-T-VP6, pMD19-T-VP2, and pMD19-T-5′UTR were 9.40 × 102 copies/μL, 5.14 × 103 copies/μL, and 4.09 × 101 copies/μL, respectively; and those using conventional PCR were 9.40 × 104 copies/μL, 5.14 × 105 copies/μL, and 4.09 × 104 copies/μL, respectively. The sensitivity of DPO-nanoPCR was at least 100-fold higher than that of conventional PCR. The specificity detection showed that the DPO-nanoPCR was able to specifically detect BRV, BPV, and BVDV. Use of clinical samples indicated that target viruses can be detected accurately. Thus, DPO-nanoPCR is a new powerful, simple, specific, and sensitive tool for detecting mixed infections of BRV, BPV, and BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruichong Wang
- Department for Radiological Protection, Heilongjiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Li Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yijing Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lijie Tang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yigang Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Cui
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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