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García-González E, Cerriteño-Sánchez JL, Cuevas-Romero JS, García-Cambrón JB, Castañeda-Montes FJ, Villaseñor-Ortega F. Seroepidemiology Study of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Mexico by Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on a Recombinant Fragment of N-Terminus Domain Spike Protein. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1843. [PMID: 37513015 PMCID: PMC10385564 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an intestinal disease caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and affects Mexico's swine industry. Despite the disease initially being described in Mexico in 2013, there has been no research into the virus's seroepidemiology carried out in Mexico. Thus, the goal of this study was to develop an indirect ELISA (iELISA) based on a recombinant N-terminal domain truncated spike (S) protein (rNTD-S) of PEDV to evaluate serum obtained from different pig-producing states in Mexico. A total of 1054 sera were collected from pig farms, slaughterhouses, and backyard production in the states of Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Morelos, Queretaro, Sinaloa, and Veracruz between 2019 and 2021. The rNTD-S protein was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Negative and positive serum samples used in the iELISA were previously tested by Western blot. According to our findings, 61.66% of the serum samples (650/1054) were positive, with Jalisco having the highest percentage of positive samples, at a rate of 21.44% (226/1054). This is the first seroepidemiology study of PEDV carried out in Mexico, revealing that the virus is still circulating since the initial outbreak; furthermore, it provides an overview of PEDV's spread and high level of persistence across the country's key swine-producing states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo García-González
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Tecnológico Nacional de México en Celaya, Celaya 38010, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - José Luis Cerriteño-Sánchez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Mexico City 05110, Mexico
| | | | - José Bryan García-Cambrón
- Programa de Maestría en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | - Francisco Jesus Castañeda-Montes
- Programa de Estancias Posdoctorales por México para la Formación y Consolidación de las y los Investigadores por México, CONAHCYT, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Francisco Villaseñor-Ortega
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Tecnológico Nacional de México en Celaya, Celaya 38010, Guanajuato, Mexico
- Tecnológico Nacional de México en Celaya, Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Antonio García Cubas Pte #600 esq. Av. Tecnológico, Celaya 38010, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Yang X, Li L, Su X, Li J, Liao J, Yang J, Xiao Z, Wen P, Wang H. Development of an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on the Yeast-Expressed CO-26K-Equivalent Epitope-Containing Antigen for Detection of Serum Antibodies against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040882. [PMID: 37112862 PMCID: PMC10144300 DOI: 10.3390/v15040882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a severe contagious intestinal disease caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which leads to high mortality in piglets. In this study, by analyzing a total of 53 full-length spike genes and COE domain regions of PEDVs, the conserved COE fragment of the spike protein from the dominant strain SC1402 was chosen as the target protein and expressed successfully in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris). Furthermore, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on the recombinant COE protein was developed for the detection of anti-PEDV antibodies in pig sera. The results showed that under the optimized conditions, the cut-off value of COE-based indirect ELISA (COE-iELISA) was determined to be 0.12. Taking the serum neutralization test as standard, the relative sensitivity of the COE-iELISA was 94.4% and specificity 92.6%. Meanwhile, no cross-reactivity to other porcine pathogens was noted with this assay. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 7%. Moreover, 164 vaccinated serum samples test showed that overall agreement between COE-iELISA and the actual diagnosis result was up to 99.4%. More importantly, the developed iELISA exhibited a 95.08% agreement rate with the commercial ELISA kit (Kappa value = 0.88), which suggested that the expressed COE protein was an effective antigen in serologic tests and the established COE-iELISA is reliable for monitoring PEDV infection in pigs or vaccine effectiveness.
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Porcine Enteric Coronavirus Infections in Wild Boar in Poland - a Pilot Study. J Vet Res 2021; 65:265-269. [PMID: 34917837 PMCID: PMC8643093 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) of the Coronaviridae family causes significant economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Wild boars contribute to the transmission of different viral, bacterial and parasitic infections to livestock animals and humans. However, their role in the maintenance and transmission of PEDV has not been established. Material and Methods In this study, blood and faecal samples from 157 wild boars were collected from 14 provinces of Poland during the 2017–2018 hunting season. RNA was extracted from the faecal homogenate supernatant and subjected to quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR), while clotted blood samples were used for detection of antibodies against PEDV by ELISA. Results Five blood samples (3.2%) were seropositive in ELISA, while none of the faecal samples were found positive using RT-qPCR assays. Conclusion The results of this analysis indicate the need for additional studies incorporating a larger number of samples and preferably comparing different serological methods, to confirm whether wild boars in Poland act as PEDV reservoirs.
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Lin CH, Chen JJ, Cheng CM. Developing a Virus-Binding Bacterium Expressing Mx Protein on the Bacterial Surface to Prevent Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus Infection. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1088-1097. [PMID: 34226401 PMCID: PMC9705906 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2103.03036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Grouper nervous necrosis virus (GNNV) infection causes mass grouper mortality, leading to substantial economic loss in Taiwan. Traditional methods of controlling GNNV infections involve the challenge of controlling disinfectant doses; low doses are ineffective, whereas high doses may cause environmental damage. Identifying potential methods to safely control GNNV infection to prevent viral outbreaks is essential. We engineered a virus-binding bacterium expressing a myxovirus resistance (Mx) protein on its surface for GNNV removal from phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), thus increasing the survival of grouper fin (GF-1) cells. We fused the grouper Mx protein (which recognizes and binds to the coat protein of GNNV) to the C-terminus of outer membrane lipoprotein A (lpp-Mx) and to the N-terminus of a bacterial autotransporter adhesin (Mx-AIDA); these constructs were expressed on the surfaces of Escherichia coli BL21 (BL21/lpp-Mx and BL21/Mx-AIDA). We examined bacterial surface expression capacity and GNNV binding activity through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; we also evaluated the GNNV removal efficacy of the bacteria and viral cytotoxicity after bacterial adsorption treatment. Although both constructs were successfully expressed, only BL21/lpp-Mx exhibited GNNV binding activity; BL21/lpp-Mx cells removed GNNV and protected GF-1 cells from GNNV infection more efficiently. Moreover, salinity affected the GNNV removal efficacy of BL21/lpp-Mx. Thus, our GNNV-binding bacterium is an efficient microparticle for removing GNNV from 10‰ brackish water and for preventing GNNV infection in groupers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Lin
- Ph.D. Program of Aquatic Science and Technology in Industry, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 80778, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jie Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 80778, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Min Cheng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 80778, Taiwan,Corresponding author Phone: +886-7-3617141#23713 Fax: +886-7-6112025 E-mail:
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Myint O, Hoa NT, Fuke N, Pornthummawat A, Lan NT, Hirai T, Yoshida A, Yamaguchi R. A persistent epidemic of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus infection by serological survey of commercial pig farms in northern Vietnam. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:235. [PMID: 34225697 PMCID: PMC8256535 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is a highly contagious infectious disease with negative economic impacts on the swine industry. PED outbreaks were reported from 2009 to 2015, but sporadic infection has been observed until now in Vietnam. However, the seroprevalence of PEDV infection has not yet been reported for commercial pig farms in Vietnam. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of PEDV infection in Vietnamese pig farms to reveal the endemic status of PEDV in northern Vietnam. Results A serological survey of PEDV infection was carried out using indirect ELISA in commercial pig farms in Hai Duong, Hung Yen and Thai Binh provinces in northern Vietnam in 2019. Twenty sera were randomly collected from each of 10 commercial pig farms, from each province; none of the farms had vaccinated for PEDV. Serological evidence of natural PEDV infection, expressed as a high antibody titre, was observed in the pig farms in all 3 provinces. The OD values were significantly higher (p < 0.001) for pig sera from Thai Binh than from Hai Duong and Hung Yen. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected for seropositivity to PEDV based on locality, age, pig breed and farm size. Conclusions This study indicates serological evidence of natural PEDV infection with high antibody titre in commercial pig farms. PEDV infection was widespread among the pig population in these 3 provinces and that good management and strict biosecurity are needed at these pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohnmar Myint
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, 889-2192, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Naoyuki Fuke
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, 889-2192, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Apisit Pornthummawat
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, 889-2192, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nguyen Thi Lan
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Takuya Hirai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, 889-2192, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Yoshida
- Department of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yamaguchi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, 889-2192, Miyazaki, Japan.
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Srijangwad A, Tripipat T, Saeng-Chuto K, Jermsujarit P, Tantituvanont A, Okabayashi T, Nilubol D. Development and validation of indirect ELISA for antibody detection against different protein antigens of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the colostrum and milk of sows. J Immunol Methods 2021; 494:113045. [PMID: 33781786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to develop and optimize indirect ELISA based on three coating antigens of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), recombinant spike (S12), nucleocapsid (N), and whole viral (WV) proteins, for the detection of IgG and IgA antibodies in colostrum and milk and to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and diagnostic specificity (DSp) of the assay as a diagnostic method. Colostrum (n = 347) and milk (n = 272) samples from sows were employed in this assay. Indirect ELISA based on three coating antigens was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with a virus neutralization (VN) test as a reference method, and the cutoff value for calculating DSe and DSp was determined. S12-ELISA showed higher DSe and DSp of IgG and IgA detection compared to N- and WV-ELISA in both colostrum and milk samples. Moreover, S12-ELISA showed perfect agreement and a high correlation with the VN test, which was better than the N- and WV-ELISA for both IgG and IgA detection in colostrum and milk. In contrast, N-ELISA showed lower DSe and DSp compared to S12- and WV-ELISA, along with a correlation with VN and substantial agreement with the VN test. Nevertheless, our developed ELISAs have accuracy for repeatability in both inter- and intra-assay variation. Overall, this research demonstrates that S12-ELISA is more suitable than WV- and N-ELISA to detect IgG and IgA antibodies against PEDV from both colostrum and milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Srijangwad
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thitima Tripipat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kepalee Saeng-Chuto
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Patumporn Jermsujarit
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Angkana Tantituvanont
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Dachrit Nilubol
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Zhang X, Liu X, Wu X, Ren W, Zou Y, Xia X, Sun H. A colloidal gold test strip assay for the detection of African swine fever virus based on two monoclonal antibodies against P30. Arch Virol 2021; 166:871-879. [PMID: 33495899 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), was first reported in Kenya in 1921, but an effective vaccine or antiviral drug is still not available for ASFV control. Rapid and effective diagnostics are key steps in managing ASF. We generated two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the ASFV phosphoprotein P30 and designated these as 3H7A7 and 6H9A10. Epitope mapping revealed that MAb 3H7A7 and 6H9A10 recognized aa 144-154 and aa 12-18 of P30, respectively. A signal-amplified sandwich colloidal gold test strip for rapid detection of ASFV was developed based using these MAbs. Sensitivity and specificity analysis showed that the detection limit of the strip was 2.16 ng of P30. The strip only reacted with ASFV and did not react with other common porcine viruses. In detection tests using 153 clinical field samples including sera, plasma, anticoagulant-treated blood, and tissue, the strip had 95.42% concordance with real-time PCR. The new MAbs specific for P30 and the rapid colloidal gold test strip helped to reveal novel B cell epitopes in P30 and provide an efficient diagnostic test for on-site clinical detection of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- National Exotic Animal Disease Center, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, Shandong, China
| | - Weijie Ren
- National Exotic Animal Disease Center, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, Shandong, China
| | - Yanli Zou
- National Exotic Animal Disease Center, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaichang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
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Trang CTH, Nakanishi M, Hayashidani H, Taniguchi T. Development of an indirect ELISA based on soluble antigen produced from virus-infected cells for detection of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. J Virol Methods 2020; 289:114016. [PMID: 33290788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.114016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a member of the genus Betacoronavirus and is the etiologic agent of encephalomyelitis or vomiting and wasting disease in neonatal pigs. Although there are only a few epidemiological studies that document the seroprevalence of PHEV infection, there are reports of sporadic outbreaks, including recent documentation of an influenza-like respiratory disease associated with PHEV in the United States. To address this issue, we have developed a new indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for use in sero-epidemiological research of PHEV infection. One hundred and fifty porcine serum samples that were determined as antibody-positive or antibody-negative in virus neutralization (VN) tests were used in conjunction with PHEV-specific antigen extracted from virus-infected FS-L3 cells using RBS buffer containing 0.2 % NP-40 to develop this assay. The ELISA showed a high sensitivity (95.35 %) and specificity (96.88 %) by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.996 attesting to its accuracy. Our results revealed a strong correlation between the results of the indirect ELISA and VN test (R = 0.850, P < 0.05), with near-perfect agreement (kappa value = 0.932). These results indicate that this new indirect ELISA might be useful for diagnosis and sero-epidemiological tracking of PHEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Thi Huyen Trang
- Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Research and Development Section, Institute of Animal Health, National Federation of Agricultural Co-operative Association, 7 Ohja-machi, Sakura-shi, Chiba-ken, 285-0043, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashidani
- Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takahide Taniguchi
- Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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