1
|
Torres-Boncompte J, Catalá-Gregori P, Garcia-Llorens J, Soriano JM, Sevilla-Navarro S. Simultaneous Salmonella and bacteriophage isolation on Modified Semisolid Rappaport Vassiliadis media. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102960. [PMID: 37579648 PMCID: PMC10429287 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella represents a food safety concern worldwide. Despite the application of National Control Programs (NCP) against Salmonella, regulated by the European Union, every year the European Food Safety Authority reports new cases. On the look for new alternatives to antibiotics, bacteriophages, or phages, rise as a promising alternative to treat multidrug resistance infections. Although they are known to be ubiquitous in the environment, their high specificity to host cells hinders their isolation and usage for phage therapy. The ISO 6579-1:2017 is performed as a reference method in the NCP and uses an unspecific media to enrich the sample the same way most phage isolation protocols do. Later, the protocol uses a more selective media to isolate the Salmonella, Modified Semisolid Rappaport Vassiliadis (MSRV). This paper aims to find out whether, due to the similarity between phage isolation protocols and the ISO 6579-1:2017, this last one could be used as a protocol to also isolate phages against the same bacterium that is being simultaneously isolated. To do so, 2 experiments were performed to assess phage isolation from MSRV media in in-vivo conditions. The results from experiments 1 and 2 proved that the MSRV media was usable for simultaneous phage and pathogen isolation through a single procedure. Additionally, there is a correlation between the antigenic formulae from the bacteria and the phage's host range, seeming to be effective against bacteria with similar antigenic formulae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Torres-Boncompte
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46980, Spain; Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Castellón, 12539, Spain
| | - Pablo Catalá-Gregori
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Castellón, 12539, Spain; Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, 46113, Spain
| | - Josep Garcia-Llorens
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46980, Spain; Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Castellón, 12539, Spain
| | - José M Soriano
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46980, Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, 46026, Spain
| | - Sandra Sevilla-Navarro
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Castellón, 12539, Spain; Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, 46113, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang S, Shu Y, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M, Zhu D, Zhao X, Wu Y, Yang Q, Huang J, Ou X, Mao S, Gao Q, Sun D, Tian B, Cheng A. High rate of multidrug resistance and integrons in Escherichia coli isolates from diseased ducks in select regions of China. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102956. [PMID: 37586192 PMCID: PMC10450990 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing number of ducks being raised and consumed, it is crucial to monitor the presence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria in duck farming. Waterfowl, such as ducks, can contribute to the rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), ARGs, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as IS26, tbrC, ISEcp1 in Escherichia coli(E. coli) isolated from the intestinal contents of diseased ducks between 2021 and 2022 in Sichuan, Chongqing and Anhui, China. The AMR phenotypes of 201 isolated E. coli strains were determined using the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) method. Subsequently, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing techniques were employed to screen for integron-integrase genes (intI1, intI2, intI3 genes), gene cassettes (GCs), MGEs, and ARGs. The results demonstrated that 96.5% of the E. coli isolates were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic, with 88.1% of the strains displaying MDR phenotype. The highest AMR phenotype observed was for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (88.1%). Furthermore, class 1 and class 2 integrons were detected in 68.2% and 3.0% of all the isolates, respectively, whereas no class 3 integrons were found. Ten types of GCs were identified in the variable regions of class 1 and class 2 integrons. Moreover, 10 MGEs were observed in 46 combinations, with IS26 exhibiting the highest detection rate (89.6%). Among the 22 types of ARGs, tetA (77.1%) was the most frequently detected. In the conjugational transfer experiment, transconjugants were found to carry specific ARGs and MGEs, with their MIC values were significantly higher than those of recipient E. coli J53, indicating their status as MDR bacteria. This study emphasizes the necessity of monitoring MGEs, ARGs, and integrons in duck farms. It provides valuable insights into the complex formation mechanisms of AMR and may aid in preventing and controlling the spread of MDR bacteria in waterfowl breeding farm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaqiu Zhang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yanxi Shu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang, Sichuan 621023, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Shun Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Juan Huang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Sai Mao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Qun Gao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Di Sun
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Bin Tian
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shrestha RD, Agunos A, Gow SP, Deckert AE, Varga C. Decrease in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolates of Canadian turkey flocks driven by the implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282897. [PMID: 37486902 PMCID: PMC10365295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms at the human-animal-environment interface has raised global concern prompting governments and various stakeholders to take action. As a part of the stewardship initiative, Canadian turkey producers have implemented an antimicrobial use (AMU) strategy to manage antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in their sector. This study evaluated farm-level AMU and AMR data collected between 2016 and 2021 in major turkey-producing provinces/regions through the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance to assess the progress of the strategy by characterizing the prevalence of homologous and multidrug resistance (MDR) in Escherichia coli isolated from turkeys. Multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression models assessed temporal and provincial/regional variations in AMR and MDR. Negative binomial regression models examined the temporal and regional variations in the total AMU. The total AMU (measured in mg/kg turkey biomass) significantly decreased in all provinces/regions in 2020 and 2021. Escherichia coli isolates from turkey flocks showed a significant decrease in resistance to gentamicin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracyclines during the six-year study period, consistent with the timing of the AMU reduction strategy. The prevalence of MDR isolates was significantly lower in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2016. Higher prevalence was observed in the Western region compared to Québec and Ontario. Two common AMR patterns were identified: ampicillin-streptomycin-tetracyclines and streptomycin-sulfisoxazole-tetracyclines. These AMR patterns indicate possible cross-resistances (same class), co-selection (unrelated classes) for resistance, or potential carryover of resistance determinants from previous production cycles. The decreasing prevalence of resistance to homologous antimicrobials, MDR, and AMU quantity are suggestive that the turkey sector's AMU strategy is achieving its desired impact. However, antimicrobials previously eliminated for preventive use in turkey flocks and the use of highly important antimicrobials in human medicine suggest that the AMU reduction strategy should be monitored and re-evaluated periodically to mitigate the emergence of MDR bacteria and safeguard animal and public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rima D Shrestha
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Agnes Agunos
- Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheryl P Gow
- Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anne E Deckert
- Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistance among Commensal Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Table Eggs Produced by Laying Hens from the Cage and Non-Cage Housing Systems in Western Australia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030588. [PMID: 36978454 PMCID: PMC10044583 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global public health concern in recent decades. Although several investigations evaluated AMR in commensal and pathogenic bacteria from different foods of animal origin in Australia, there is a lack of studies that compared AMR in commensal E. coli isolated from retail table eggs obtained from different laying hen housing systems. This study aimed to determine AMR and differences in AMR patterns among E. coli isolates recovered from retail table eggs sourced from caged and non-caged housing systems in Western Australia. Commensal E. coli isolates were tested for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials using a broth microdilution method. Clustering analyses and logistic regression models were applied to identify patterns and differences in AMR. Overall, there were moderate to high frequencies of resistance to the antimicrobials of lower importance used in Australian human medicine (tetracycline, ampicillin, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole) in the isolates sourced from the eggs of two production systems. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to all critically important antimicrobials except the very low level of resistance to ciprofloxacin. E. coli isolates from eggs of non-caged systems had higher odds of resistance to tetracycline (OR = 5.76, p < 0.001) and ampicillin (OR = 3.42, p ≤ 0.01) compared to the isolates from eggs of caged systems. Moreover, the number of antimicrobials to which an E. coli isolate was resistant was significantly higher in table eggs from non-caged systems than isolates from caged systems’ eggs. Considering the conservative approach in using antimicrobials in the Australian layer flocks, our findings highlight the potential role of the environment or human-related factors in the dissemination and emergence of AMR in commensal E. coli, particularly in retail table eggs of non-cage system origin. Further comprehensive epidemiological studies are required to better understand the role of different egg production systems in the emergence and dissemination of AMR in commensal E. coli.
Collapse
|
5
|
Das Q, Hasted TL, Lepp D, Yin X, Tang J, Chalmers G, Ross K, Boerlin P, Diarra MS. Transcriptional profiling of extraintestinal Escherichia coli exposed to cranberry pomace extracts alone or in combination with ceftriaxone. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.957099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) includes several serotypes that have been associated with colibacillosis in poultry, as well as urinary tract infections and newborn meningitis in humans. This study investigated the antimicrobial activities of ceftriaxone (AXO) and cranberry pomace extracts (CRAN) alone or in combination (CC) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) ExPEC from broiler. The growth-inhibitory activity of CRAN and synergy tests by a checkerboard method were determined in cation-adjusted Mueller–Hinton broth (CAMHB). The transcriptomic profile of the MDR E. coli O7:H18 (ST38) grown in CAMHB supplemented with sub-inhibitory concertation of CRAN and AXO alone or in combination was obtained by RNA-seq. The MIC of CRAN for all isolates was 16 mg/mL. An additive activity was observed between 4 mg/mL of CRAN and 4 μg/mL of AXO. Compared to the control, the transcriptomic analysis revealed that 4 mg/ml of (1/4MIC) CRAN and its combination with 4 μg/mL of (1/8MIC) AXO (CC) exposures resulted in 727 and 712 differentially expressed genes, respectively (false discovery rate < 0.001 and log2-fold change > 2), in the studied E. coli. Major virulence genes including adhesins (fim, flg, csg, and yad), protectins (omp, tra, waa, and hly), secretion systems (hof, pho, and vir), and quorum sensing (lsr), which are energetically expensive for bacteria, were downregulated. Most importantly, 1/4MIC of CRAN or CC downregulated the β-lactamase blaCMY-2 and efflux pump including tolC, mdtEIJ, gadEW, and their regulator gene evgS, while upregulating the cysteine biosynthesis and oxidative stress-related regulatory genes including cys, dmlA, sbp, nrdGHI, soxSR, and rpoH. Downregulation of multiple enzymes involved in TCA cycles and upregulation of Fe–S cluster coordinated by Cys and Isc proteins reflect the regulation of energy metabolism of the studied E. coli upon CRAN or CC exposure. The downregulation of outer membrane protein genes that control permeability barriers, along with different antimicrobial resistance genes, demonstrates that CRAN may have the unique potential to enhance the antimicrobial activities of third-generation cephalosporins such as AXO against MDR E. coli.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mak PHW, Rehman MA, Kiarie EG, Topp E, Diarra MS. Production systems and important antimicrobial resistant-pathogenic bacteria in poultry: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:148. [PMID: 36514172 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic losses and market constraints caused by bacterial diseases such as colibacillosis due to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and necrotic enteritis due to Clostridium perfringens remain major problems for poultry producers, despite substantial efforts in prevention and control. Antibiotics have been used not only for the treatment and prevention of such diseases, but also for growth promotion. Consequently, these practices have been linked to the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria which constitute a significant global threat to humans, animals, and the environment. To break down the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), poultry producers are restricting the antimicrobial use (AMU) while adopting the antibiotic-free (ABF) and organic production practices to satisfy consumers' demands. However, it is not well understood how ABF and organic poultry production practices influence AMR profiles in the poultry gut microbiome. Various Gram-negative (Salmonella enterica serovars, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, E. coli) and Gram-positive (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and C. perfringens) bacteria harboring multiple AMR determinants have been reported in poultry including organically- and ABF-raised chickens. In this review, we discussed major poultry production systems (conventional, ABF and organic) and their impacts on AMR in some potential pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria which could allow identifying issues and opportunities to develop efficient and safe production practices in controlling pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip H W Mak
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Attiq Rehman
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Center, AAFC, London, ON, Canada
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Songsri J, Mala W, Wisessombat S, Siritham K, Cheha S, Noisa N, Wongtawan T, Klangbud WK. First isolation of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from sports animals in Southern Thailand. Vet World 2022; 15:2275-2284. [PMID: 36341074 PMCID: PMC9631374 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2275-2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Escherichia coli O157:H7 is enterohemorrhagic E. coli, which produces verocytotoxin or Shiga toxin. It is a well-known cause of severe diseases in humans worldwide. Cattle and other ruminants are the main reservoirs of this organism. Sports animals, such as fighting bulls, riding horses, and fighting cocks, are economic animals in Southern Thailand. This study aimed to identify E. coli O157:H7 from the rectal swabs of these sports animals and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated bacteria. Materials and Methods: The rectal swabs were collected from 34 fighting bulls, 32 riding horses, and 31 fighting cocks. The swabs were cultured on MacConkey (MAC) Agar; the suspected colonies were then identified by VITEK® 2 GN card, and the antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by VITEK® 2 AST N194 in VITEK® 2 Compact automation. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was confirmed by culturing on sorbitol MAC agar, the ability to grow at 44°C, and the presence of H7 antigen. In addition, the eaeA (E. coli attaching and effacing), along with stx1 and stx2 (Shiga cytotoxins) genes, were determined using polymerase chain reaction. Finally, the cytotoxicity of Shiga toxin was confirmed using the Vero cytotoxicity test. Results: Fifty-five suspected isolates (56.70%), which were collected from 19 fighting bulls (55.88%), 13 riding horses (40.63%), and 23 fighting cocks (71.13%), were identified as E. coli. However, one sample (Bull H9/1) from fighting bulls had an equal confidence level (50%) for E. coli and E. coli O157. The confirmation of this isolate demonstrated that it was sorbitol non-fermenter, could assimilate L-lactate, was unable to grow well at 44°C, and reacted with anti-serum to H7 antigen. In addition, it was positive with stx2 and eaeA genes, and the toxin affected Vero cells by a dose-dependent response. The antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that five out of 55 (9.09%) E. coli isolates were resistant to antimicrobial agents. All five isolates (21.74%) were collected from fighting cocks. Escherichia coli Cock H4/3 was only one of the five isolates resistant to three antimicrobial agents (ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole). Fortunately, it was not multidrug-resistant bacteria. Conclusion: This is the first report on detection of E. coli O157:H7 in fighting bulls and antibiotic-resistant characteristic of E. coli in fighting cocks in Southern Thailand. This research is beneficial in preventing the dissemination of E. coli O157:H7 or antimicrobial agent-resistant E. coli in sports animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jirarat Songsri
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand; Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Wanida Mala
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand; Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Sueptrakool Wisessombat
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand; Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Kesinee Siritham
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Sahida Cheha
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Nattita Noisa
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Tuempong Wongtawan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine , Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand; Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Antimicrobial Resistance Trends of Escherichia coli Isolates: A Three-Year Prospective Study of Poultry Production in Spain. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081064. [PMID: 36009933 PMCID: PMC9404938 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major threat to health worldwide. Poultry products are one of the main threats, due to the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes throughout the food chain. Escherichia coli is the main cause of mortality in the poultry industry, mainly mitigated with antibiotics, but due to the high genetic strain variability, recurrent outbreaks of multidrug resistant E. coli take place. The major challenge to tackling AMR is understanding the burden of resistance. For this reason, one of the main strategies is monitoring AMR by phenotypic characterisation. Our study aimed to monitor the resistance of E. coli strains isolated from the poultry sector over a period of three years (2019–2021) to provide information on the resistance magnitude and trends. Promising results have been found concerning the low frequency of resistance to cephalosporins, polymyxin, and fluoroquinolones. However, levels of resistance found to antimicrobials such as erythromycin (100%), tylosin (98%), or penicillin (97%) suggest the need to continue working on the limitation of use of antimicrobials in poultry to achieve the demise of MDR.
Collapse
|
9
|
Shrestha RD, Agunos A, Gow SP, Deckert AE, Varga C. Associations between antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli isolates and antimicrobial use in Canadian turkey flocks. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:954123. [PMID: 35966666 PMCID: PMC9372513 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.954123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in enteric bacteria continues to be detected in turkey flocks and retail products worldwide, including in Canada. However, studies assessing linkages between on-farm antimicrobial use (AMU) and the development of AMR are lacking. This study aims to identify AMU characteristics that impact the development of AMR in the indicator bacteria Escherichia coli in turkey flocks, building on the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance methodology for farm-level AMU and AMR data integration. Two analytic approaches were used: (1) multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models examined associations between AMU (any route, route-specific, and route-disease-specific indication) summarized as the number of defined daily doses in animals using Canadian standards ([nDDDvetCA]/1,000 kg-animal-days at risk) and AMR and (2) multivariable mixed-effects Poisson regression models studied the linkages between AMU and the number of classes to which an E. coli isolate was resistant (nCRE. coli). A total of 1,317 E. coli isolates from a network of 16 veterinarians and 334 turkey producers across the five major turkey-producing provinces in Canada between 2016 and 2019 were used. Analysis indicated that AMR emerged with the use of related antimicrobials (e.g., tetracycline use-tetracycline resistance), however, the use of unrelated antimicrobial classes was also impacting AMR (e.g., aminoglycosides/streptogramins use-tetracycline resistance). As for studying AMU-nCRE. coli linkages, the most robust association was between the parenteral aminoglycosides use and nCRE. coli, though in-feed uses of four unrelated classes (bacitracin, folate pathway inhibitors, streptogramins, and tetracyclines) appear to be important, indicating that ongoing uses of these classes may slow down the succession from multidrug-resistant to a more susceptible E. coli populations. The analysis of AMU (route and disease-specific)-AMR linkages complemented the above findings, suggesting that treatment of certain diseases (enteric, late-stage septicemic conditions, and colibacillosis) are influential in the development of resistance to certain antimicrobial classes. The highest variances were at the flock level indicating that stewardship actions should focus on flock-level infection prevention practices. This study added new insights to our understanding of AMU-AMR linkages in turkeys and is useful in informing AMU stewardship in the turkey sector. Enhanced surveillance using sequencing technologies are warranted to explain molecular-level determinants of AMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rima D. Shrestha
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Agnes Agunos
- Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sheryl P. Gow
- Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Anne E. Deckert
- Center for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Csaba Varga,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sivaranjani M, McCarthy MC, Sniatynski MK, Wu L, Dillon JAR, Rubin JE, White AP. Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of E. coli Associated With Colibacillosis Outbreaks in Broiler Chickens From Saskatchewan. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:841516. [PMID: 35783405 PMCID: PMC9247541 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.841516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global poultry industry has grown to the extent that the number of chickens now well exceeds the number of humans on Earth. Escherichia coli infections in poultry cause significant morbidity and economic losses for producers each year. We obtained 94 E. coli isolates from 12 colibacillosis outbreaks on Saskatchewan farms and screened them for antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. Fifty-six isolates were from broilers with confirmed colibacillosis, and 38 isolates were from healthy broilers in the same flocks (cecal E. coli). Resistance to penicillins, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides was common in isolates from all 12 outbreaks, while cephalosporin resistance varied by outbreak. Most E. coli were able to form biofilms in at least one of three growth media (1/2 TSB, M63, and BHI broth). There was an overall trend that disease-causing E. coli had more antibiotic resistance and were more likely to form biofilms in nutrient-rich media (BHI) as compared to cecal strains. However, on an individual strain basis, there was no correlation between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. The 21 strongest biofilm forming strains consisted of both disease-causing and cecal isolates that were either drug resistant or susceptible. Draft whole genome sequencing indicated that many known antimicrobial resistance genes were present on plasmids, with disease-causing E. coli having more plasmids on average than their cecal counterparts. We tested four common disinfectants for their ability to kill 12 of the best biofilm forming strains. All disinfectants killed single cells effectively, but biofilm cells were more resistant, although the difference was less pronounced for the disinfectants that have multiple modes of action. Our results indicate that there is significant diversity and complexity in E. coli poultry isolates, with different lifestyle pressures affecting disease-causing and cecal isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sivaranjani
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Madeline C. McCarthy
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michelle K. Sniatynski
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Linzhi Wu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jo-Anne R. Dillon
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Joseph E. Rubin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Aaron P. White
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Aaron P. White,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Association of Antibiotic Resistance Traits in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Isolates. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:4251486. [PMID: 35340918 PMCID: PMC8942690 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4251486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem which is constantly evolving and varies spatially and temporally. Resistance to a particular antibiotic may serve as a selection and coselection marker for the same or different antibiotic classes. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was conducted to predict the association of phenotypic and genotypic resistance traits in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Method A total of 42 UPEC from 83 urine samples were investigated for the prevalence and association of phenotypic and genotypic AMR traits. Antibiogram profiling was carried out by Kirby–Bauer's disc diffusion method and AMR genes (ARGs) were detected by PCR. Result UPECs were isolated from 50.60% (42/83) of the samples examined. Of these, 80.95% of cases were derived from females, and 38.10% of cases were found in the age group of 21–30 years. The isolates were shown to have a high frequency of resistance to tetracycline (92.86%), followed by sulfonamide (71.43%), ampicillin (52.38%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (47.62%), and 28.57% each to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. The most prevalent antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in these isolates were tet(A) (78.57%), tet(B) (76.19%), sul1 (61.91%), dfrA1 (35.71%), blaSHV (26.19%), cmlA (19.05%), and CITM, qnrA, and catA1 each at 11.91%. According to statistical analysis, ampicillin, sulfonamide, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin resistance were strongly correlated with the presence of blaSHV, sul1, dfrA1, and qnrA, respectively. Nonsignificant associations were observed between ciprofloxacin-tetracycline, sulfonamide-erythromycin pairs as well as between tet(A) and tet(B) genes. Besides, coselection was also assumed in the case of chloramphenicol resistance genes, namely, catA1 and cmlA. Conclusion Both the phenotypic and genetic resistance traits were found in the UPEC isolates. Statistical association and coselection phenomena among AMR phenotypes and genotypes were also observed but required to be validated in a broad-scale study. However, these findings might have important implications for the development of an AMR prediction model to tackle future AMR outbreaks.
Collapse
|
12
|
Awareness of Antimicrobial Resistance and Associated Factors among Layer Poultry Farmers in Zambia: Implications for Surveillance and Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030383. [PMID: 35326846 PMCID: PMC8944564 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health problem affecting animal and human medicine. Poultry production is among the primary sources of income for many Zambians. However, the increased demand for poultry products has led to a subsequent increase in antimicrobial use. This study assessed the awareness of AMR and associated factors among layer poultry farmers in Zambia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 77 participants from September 2020 to April 2021. Data was analysed using Stata version 16.1. The overall awareness of AMR among the farmers was 47% (n = 36). The usage of antibiotics in layer poultry production was high at 86% (n = 66). Most antibiotics were accessed from agrovets (31%, n = 24) and pharmacies (21%, n = 16) without prescriptions. Commercial farmers were more likely to be aware of AMR compared to medium-scale farmers (OR = 14.07, 95% CI: 2.09–94.70), as were farmers who used prescriptions to access antibiotics compared to those who did not (OR = 99.66, 95% CI: 7.14–1391.65), and farmers who did not treat market-ready birds with antibiotics compared to those who did (OR = 41.92, 95% CI: 1.26–1396.36). The awareness of AMR among some layer farmers was low. Therefore, policies that promote the rational use of antibiotics need to be implemented together with heightened surveillance activities aimed at curbing AMR.
Collapse
|
13
|
Costa M, Cardo M, Cara d'Anjo M, Leite A. Assessing antimicrobial resistance occurrence in the Portuguese food system: Poultry, pigs and derived food, 2014-2018. Zoonoses Public Health 2022; 69:312-324. [PMID: 35132763 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) spread in the food system is a major threat to public and animal health. We describe AMR trends in zoonotic bacteria and identify risk factors associated with AMR occurrence in animals and derived food in Portugal. Data from the Portuguese AMR surveillance programme on food-producing animals, 2014-2018, were used. AMR frequencies were calculated for Escherichia coli, Campylobacter and Salmonella in broilers, turkeys, pig populations and their derived food products. AMR-associated factors were studied for Salmonella isolates: population, sampling stage (farm, slaughterhouse and processing plant), sample type (environmental, carcase and food), sampler (HACCP, industry, official and official and industry), sample context (control and eradication programmes and monitoring), year (2014-2018) and season. Logistic regression was applied to estimate crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The final models were obtained using a backward stepwise method. This study included 2,157 Escherichia coli, 561 Campylobacter and 1,071 Salmonella isolates. The highest prevalence estimates amongst tested antimicrobials for each bacterial species in 2014-2018 had the following ranges: (i) (fluoro)quinolones: E. coli: 84%-93%, Campylobacter: 94%-98%; (ii) tetracyclines: E. coli: 68%-91%, Campylobacter: 87%-91%, Salmonella: 72%; (iii) penicillins: E. coli: 82%-100%; (iv) sulphonamides: E. coli: 68%-82%. Compared with the reference categories for host (broiler), year (2014), season (winter) and sampler (HACCP own checks), resistance to at least one antimicrobial in Salmonella was significantly less likely in laying hens (aOR 0.28; 95% CI: 0.18-0.42), 2016 (aOR 0.56; 95% CI: 0.33-0.93), 2017 (aOR 0.29; 95% CI: 0.17-0.51) and 2018 (aOR 0.35; 95% CI: 0.20-0.61), autumn (aOR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.40-0.97) and more likely to occur in broiler products (aOR 5.14; 95% CI: 2.61-10.54), pork products (aOR 6.84; 95% CI: 3.74-12.98) and official and industry combined sampling (aOR 2.16; 95% CI: 1.06-4.47). This study reveals a high prevalence of Salmonella resistance, especially during the summer and in post-farm stages of the Portuguese food system to nearly all antimicrobials and in the summer in farms to (fluoro)quinolones. Measures to tackle resistance are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Costa
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Cardo
- Directorate-General of Food and Veterinary, Veterinary Public Health Department, Lisbon, Portugal.,CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Cara d'Anjo
- Directorate-General of Food and Veterinary, Veterinary Public Health Department, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Leite
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stefanova RD. Prevalence of poultry Escherichia coli isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and their public health importance. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, different reports highlighted the problem with dissemination of Escherichia coli producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in poultry farms in Europe. The high incidence of Escherichia coli among poultry in Europe harbouring blaCTX-M-1 and the occurrence of ESBL and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in raw meat samples collected from slaughterhouses in Europe have been discussed. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae can be transmitted along the broiler production chain. Plasmids responsible for ESBL production frequently carry genes coding resistance to other antimicrobial classes, such as fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulphonamides. Resistance to cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae is of special concern for public health, because these antimicrobial agents are critically important. The aim of this mini review was to describe the mechanisms of resistance and prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli. It is important to investigate the spread of these bacteria among poultry, the role of farm birds as reservoir of E. coli and the risk for people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. D. Stefanova
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Au A, Lee H, Ye T, Dave U, Rahman A. Bacteriophages: Combating Antimicrobial Resistance in Food-Borne Bacteria Prevalent in Agriculture. Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010046. [PMID: 35056495 PMCID: PMC8778564 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Through recent decades, the subtherapeutic use of antibiotics within agriculture has led to the widespread development of antimicrobial resistance. This problem not only impacts the productivity and sustainability of current agriculture but also has the potential to transfer antimicrobial resistance to human pathogens via the food supply chain. An increasingly popular alternative to antibiotics is bacteriophages to control bacterial diseases. Their unique bactericidal properties make them an ideal alternative to antibiotics, as many countries begin to restrict the usage of antibiotics in agriculture. This review analyses recent evidence from within the past decade on the efficacy of phage therapy on common foodborne pathogens, namely, Escherica coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter jejuni. This paper highlights the benefits and challenges of phage therapy and reveals the potential for phages to control bacterial populations both in food processing and livestock and the possibility for phages to replace subtherapeutic usage of antibiotics in the agriculture sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Au
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp@UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (A.A.); (H.L.); (T.Y.); (U.D.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Helen Lee
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp@UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (A.A.); (H.L.); (T.Y.); (U.D.)
- Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Terry Ye
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp@UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (A.A.); (H.L.); (T.Y.); (U.D.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Uday Dave
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp@UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (A.A.); (H.L.); (T.Y.); (U.D.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Azizur Rahman
- Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Toronto, ONRamp@UTE, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada; (A.A.); (H.L.); (T.Y.); (U.D.)
- A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bhattacharyya D, Banerjee J, Habib M, Thapa G, Samanta I, Nanda PK, Dutt T, Sarkar K, Bandyopadhyay S. Elucidating the resistance repertoire, biofilm production, and phylogenetic characteristics of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from community ponds: A study from West Bengal, India. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 94:e1678. [PMID: 34907618 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study details about the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli in the fresh community pond water (n = 257) collected from three districts of West Bengal, India. In total, 57 isolates were MDR of which 38 emerged as extended spectrum and 7 as AmpC-type β-lactamase producers in phenotypic assay. Among β-lactamase genes, blaCTXM-1was predominant (87.71%) followed by blaAmpC (77.2%) and blaTEM-1 (22.8%). Six MDR strains carried metallo-β-lactamase (MBL, blaNDM-1) gene. Tissue culture plate assay confirmed strong biofilm (SP) production in four MDR and one non-MDR isolates. In PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT), multiple plasmids of diverse replicon types (Frep, FIB, I1, FIA, K/B, HI1, and Y) were identified. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR)-based phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of genetic divergence among the MDR isolates. Multiplex PCR-based phylogrouping categorized 11 isolates as virulent (B2/D/F), which carried blaCTXM-1 gene and three had blaNDM-1 gene. Relative transcriptional activity of AcrAB efflux pump was significantly elevated among the SP and MBL producers. The presence of MDR E. coli isolates, particularly those resistant to carbapenem, in pond water used for daily domestic and household work, is a cause of concern as these pathogens may sneak into human food chain causing life-threatening infections. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Multidrug-resistant biofilm producing E. coli isolated from community pond water. A few of them were carbapenem-resistant and belonged to virulent (B2/D) types. Expression of AcrAB efflux pumps was found significantly elevated among biofilm producers and carbapenem-resistant population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debaraj Bhattacharyya
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata, India
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | | | - Md Habib
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Indranil Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Triveni Dutt
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Keka Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pavez-Muñoz E, Fernández-Sanhueza B, Urzúa-Encina C, Galarce N, Alegría-Morán R. Risk Factors for Positivity to Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica in Backyard Production Systems Animals from Metropolitana Region, Chile: A Threat to Public Health? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010730. [PMID: 34682504 PMCID: PMC8535594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the Metropolitana region of Chile there are 3836 backyard production systems (BPS), characterized as small-scale systems. They act as a source of zoonotic pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), whose prevalence in BPS has not been fully described. The objective of this study was to determine the positivity for both agents in BPS and to establish the risk factors related to their presence. In each BPS, an epidemiological survey was undertaken, and stool samples were collected to detect these pathogens via bacteriological culture and conventional PCR techniques. Subsequently, multivariable logistic regression models were applied to establish the risk factors associated with their presence. BPS positivity rates of 11.76% for STEC and 4.7% for S. enterica were observed. The systems showed poor welfare standards and a lack of biosecurity measures. The risk factor analysis concluded that the Gini–Simpson index (p = 0.030; OR = 1.717) and the presence of neighboring intensive poultry or swine production systems (p = 0.019; OR = 20.645) act as factors that increased the risk of positivity with respect to STEC. In the case of S. enterica, exchanging embryonated eggs (p = 0.021; OR = 39) and the presence of debeaked chickens (p = 0.001; OR = 156) were determined as factors that increased the risk of positivity for this agent. For positivity with respect to both pathogens, the Gini–Simpson index (p = 0.030; OR = 1.544) and being INDAP/PRODESAL users (p = 0.023; OR = 15.026) were determined as factors that increased the risk, whereas the type of confinement (p = 0.002; OR = 0.019) decreased it. Epidemiological surveillance of these neglected populations is lacking, highlighting the fact that STEC and S. enterica maintenance on BPS represents a potential threat to public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pavez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (E.P.-M.); (B.F.-S.); (C.U.-E.); (N.G.)
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Bastián Fernández-Sanhueza
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (E.P.-M.); (B.F.-S.); (C.U.-E.); (N.G.)
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Constanza Urzúa-Encina
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (E.P.-M.); (B.F.-S.); (C.U.-E.); (N.G.)
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Nicolás Galarce
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (E.P.-M.); (B.F.-S.); (C.U.-E.); (N.G.)
| | - Raúl Alegría-Morán
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad del Alba, Santiago 8370007, Chile
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +56-9-98223891
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Asghar MU, Rahman A, Hayat Z, Rafique MK, Badar IH, Yar MK, Ijaz M. Exploration of Zingiber officinale effects on growth performance, immunity and gut morphology in broilers. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e250296. [PMID: 34669804 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.250296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of Zingiber officinale as a herbal feed additive on growth performance, carcass characteristic, serum biochemistry, total bacterial count (TBC), gut morphology, and immunological parameters of broilers. A total of 1500, day-old broiler chicks (Hubbard) were equally accredited to five treatment groups, each with six replicates (50 birds/replicate). Five experimental diets were prepared using basal diet i.e. with antibiotics positive control (PC), 3 g/kg ginger (group A), 6 g/kg ginger (group B), 9 g/kg ginger (group C) and without antibiotics negative control (NC). Group A and C showed significantly (p<0.05) higher feed intake (FI) as compared to other groups. Group C showed significantly (p<0.05) lower Total bacterial count (TBC) followed by group B as compared to NC. Carcass characteristics showed non-significant effects among different treatments. Mean villi length and width were significantly (p <0.05) higher in all ginger supplemented groups as compared to the control groups. Blood serum parameters including cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were significantly (p<0.05) lower in groups B and C in comparison with the control groups. Whereas high-density lipoproteins (HDL) was significantly higher in group B as compared to the others. In conclusion, ginger supplementation @0.6% in the basal diet significantly improved growth performance and gut morphometry of broilers. It also showed a positive impact on cholesterol, triglycerides and gut microbes. Therefore, ginger could be a better substitute for antibiotic growth promoters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M U Asghar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Rahman
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Z Hayat
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- University of Sargodha, College of Agriculture, Department of Animal Sciences, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - M K Rafique
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Pathobiology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - I H Badar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Meat Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M K Yar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Ijaz
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cao T, Liu P, Li Y, Cui M, Zhang C, Wang Y, Shen Z, Shen J, Ke Y, Wang S, Wu Y. Prevalence of Salmonella and Antimicrobial Resistance in Isolates from Food Animals - Six PLADs, China, 2019. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:514-517. [PMID: 34594924 PMCID: PMC8393044 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Salmonella causes acute and chronic diseases in food animals, and infected food animals are one of the most important source of human infection.
What does this report contribute? The prevalence of Salmonella was 10.5% in chicken samples, 24.4% in pig, 23.3% in duck, and 29.4% in milk. Salmonella isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin (59.60%).
What are the implications for public health practices? Data on Salmonella infections among food animals in China could help identify sources and factors related to the spread of Salmonella in food animals and food production chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingquan Cui
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangqi Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaolin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kakooza S, Muwonge A, Nabatta E, Eneku W, Ndoboli D, Wampande E, Munyiirwa D, Kayaga E, Tumwebaze MA, Afayoa M, Ssajjakambwe P, Tayebwa DS, Tsuchida S, Okubo T, Ushida K, Sakurai K, Mutebi F. A retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolates from poultry in Uganda. Int J Vet Sci Med 2021; 9:11-21. [PMID: 34104644 PMCID: PMC8158283 DOI: 10.1080/23144599.2021.1926056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There are increasing reports of antimicrobial treatment failures for bacterial diseases of poultry in Uganda. The paucity of data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of pathogenic bacteria in Uganda is a major setback to AMR control. This study investigated the occurrence of fowl typhoid, colibacillosis, and AMR in associated pathogens from 2012 to 2018. Laboratory records from the Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL), a National Veterinary Diagnostic Facility located at Makerere University, were reviewed. Archived isolates of the causative bacteria for the two diseases were also evaluated for AMR. The frequencies of the two disease conditions, their clinical and necropsy presentations and the demographic data of the diagnostic samples were summarized from the records. Archived bacterial isolates were revived before antimicrobial susceptibility testing. This was done on Mueller Hinton agar using the disk diffusion method, against 16 antimicrobials of medical and veterinary importance according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. A total of 697 poultry cases were presented for bacteriological investigations in the review period. Colibacillosis and salmonellosis had prevalence rates of 39.7% (277/697) and 16.2% (113/697), respectively. A total of 63 and 92 isolates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., respectively, were archived but 43 (68.3%) E. coli and 47 (51.1%) Salmonella spp. isolates were recovered and evaluated for AMR. Multidrug resistance was more frequent in E. coli (38; 88.4%) than salmonellae (25; 53.2%), (p < 0.001). The high prevalence of colibacillosis, salmonellosis and the AMR of associated pathogens warrants immediate institution of appropriate disease control measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kakooza
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Adrian Muwonge
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Esther Nabatta
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Wilfred Eneku
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dickson Ndoboli
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eddie Wampande
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Damian Munyiirwa
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edrine Kayaga
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Maria Agnes Tumwebaze
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mathias Afayoa
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Ssajjakambwe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dickson Stuart Tayebwa
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- Chubu University, Academy of Emerging Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- Chubu University, Academy of Emerging Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ken'ichi Sakurai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Francis Mutebi
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Assoumy MA, Bedekelabou AP, Teko-Agbo A, Ossebi W, Akoda K, Nimbona F, Zeba SH, Zobo AA, Tiecoura RCT, Kallo V, Dagnogo K, Bada-Alambédji R. Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. strains isolated from healthy poultry farms in the districts of Abidjan and Agnibilékrou (Côte d'Ivoire). Vet World 2021; 14:1020-1027. [PMID: 34083955 PMCID: PMC8167535 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1020-1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious challenge to animal and human health worldwide. Therefore, this study aims to determine levels and patterns of AMR of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. strains isolated from poultry farms in Côte d'Ivoire. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in two districts of Côte d'Ivoire with high poultry production: Abidjan and Agnibilékrou. A total of 231 fecal samples were collected in 124 poultry farms in both districts. Enterobacteria were isolated and tested for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents using the disk-diffusion method. Results A total of 212 E. coli and 36 Salmonella strains were isolated. In Abidjan, 139 collected samples generated 101 E. coli and 23 Salmonella strains, whereas in Agnibilékrou, 92 collected samples generated 111 E. coli and 13 Salmonella strains. Variable resistance levels were recorded for the antibiotics tested. The resistance prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella, respectively, was high: Doxycycline (98%/94%), sulfonamide (84%/86%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (80%/41%), and streptomycin (71%/52%). Average resistance rates were recorded for flumequine (38%/66%), ampicillin (49%/33%), amoxicillin (25%/44%), colistin (26%/2%), chloramphenicol (21%/2%), and gentamicin (4%/47%). The antibiotics least affected by resistance were cefuroxime (4%/5%), ceftriaxone (2%/0.00%), and nitrofurantoin (1%/0.00%). Conclusion In this study, it was observed that resistance to important antibiotics is emerging in poultry production in Côte d'Ivoire. Policies promoting the rational use of antibiotics should be implemented to manage antibiotic resistance in animal production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moumouni A Assoumy
- Pharmacy-toxicology service, Department of Public Health and Environment, Inter-State School of Veterinary Sciences and Medicine (EISMV), BP 5077 Dakar, Senegal
| | - André P Bedekelabou
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Pathology Service, Department of Public Health and Environment, EISMV of Dakar, Senegal
| | - Assiongbon Teko-Agbo
- Pharmacy-toxicology service, Department of Public Health and Environment, Inter-State School of Veterinary Sciences and Medicine (EISMV), BP 5077 Dakar, Senegal
| | - Walter Ossebi
- Rural Economy and Management Service, Department of Biological Sciences and Animal Productions, EISMV of Dakar, Senegal
| | - Komlan Akoda
- Pharmacy-toxicology service, Department of Public Health and Environment, Inter-State School of Veterinary Sciences and Medicine (EISMV), BP 5077 Dakar, Senegal
| | - Félix Nimbona
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Pathology Service, Department of Public Health and Environment, EISMV of Dakar, Senegal
| | - Stanislas H Zeba
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Pathology Service, Department of Public Health and Environment, EISMV of Dakar, Senegal
| | - Anicet A Zobo
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Pathology Service, Department of Public Health and Environment, EISMV of Dakar, Senegal
| | - Raoul C T Tiecoura
- Pharmacy-toxicology service, Department of Public Health and Environment, Inter-State School of Veterinary Sciences and Medicine (EISMV), BP 5077 Dakar, Senegal.,Directorate of Veterinary Services, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Vessaly Kallo
- Animal Health and Veterinary Public Hygiene Improvement Project (PASA-HPV), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Komissiri Dagnogo
- Animal Health and Veterinary Public Hygiene Improvement Project (PASA-HPV), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Rianatou Bada-Alambédji
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Pathology Service, Department of Public Health and Environment, EISMV of Dakar, Senegal
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Szmolka A, Wami H, Dobrindt U. Comparative Genomics of Emerging Lineages and Mobile Resistomes of Contemporary Broiler Strains of Salmonella Infantis and E. coli. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:642125. [PMID: 33717039 PMCID: PMC7947892 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.642125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Commensal and pathogenic strains of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and non-typhoid strains of Salmonella represent a growing foodborne threat from foods of poultry origin. MDR strains of Salmonella Infantis and E. coli are frequently isolated from broiler chicks and the simultaneous presence of these two enteric bacterial species would potentially allow the exchange of mobile resistance determinants. Objectives In order to understand possible genomic relations and to obtain a first insight into the potential interplay of resistance genes between enteric bacteria, we compared genomic diversity and mobile resistomes of S. Infantis and E. coli from broiler sources. Results The core genome MLST analysis of 56 S. Infantis and 90 E. coli contemporary strains revealed a high genomic heterogeneity of broiler E. coli. It also allowed the first insight into the genomic diversity of the MDR clone B2 of S. Infantis, which is endemic in Hungary. We also identified new MDR lineages for S. Infantis (ST7081 and ST7082) and for E. coli (ST8702 and ST10088). Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance genes and plasmid types revealed a relatively narrow interface between the mobile resistomes of E. coli and S. Infantis. The mobile resistance genes tet(A), aadA1, and sul1 were identified at an overall high prevalence in both species. This gene association is characteristic to the plasmid pSI54/04 of the epidemic clone B2 of S. Infantis. Simultaneous presence of these genes and of IncI plasmids of the same subtype in cohabitant caecal strains of E. coli and S. Infantis suggests an important role of these plasmid families in a possible interplay of resistance genes between S. Infantis and E. coli in broilers. Conclusion This is the first comparative genomic analysis of contemporary broiler strains of S. Infantis and E. coli. The diversity of mobile resistomes suggests that commensal E. coli could be potential reservoirs of resistance for S. Infantis, but so far only a few plasmid types and mobile resistance genes could be considered as potentially exchangeable between these two species. Among these, IncI1 plasmids could make the greatest contribution to the microevolution and genetic interaction between E. coli and S. Infantis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ama Szmolka
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Haleluya Wami
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brochu NM, Guerin MT, Varga C, Lillie BN, Brash ML, Susta L. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, AND HUSBANDRY AND BIOSECURITY PRACTICES OF SMALL POULTRY FLOCKS IN ONTARIO, CANADA. Avian Dis 2021; 65:287-294. [PMID: 33592104 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As part of a two-year, disease surveillance project of small poultry flocks, owners of birds submitted for postmortem examination to the Animal Health Laboratory were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to gather information on the characteristics of the flock and its environment, how the flock was managed, and biosecurity measures used. A total of 153 unique questionnaires were received. Personal consumption of meat or eggs was the most common reason for owning a small flock (69.3%). Almost all owners (97.4%) reported having chickens on their property, while 21.6% had waterfowl, 15.7% had turkeys, and 15.7% had game birds. Nearly seventy percent (69.9%) of the flocks had some degree of outdoor access. For those with indoor access, the most common bedding material provided was soft wood shavings (70.2%). Kitchen waste or leftovers were offered to 65.3% of flocks, and well water was the most common source of drinking water (80.6%). For flocks with indoor access, dedicated shoes and clothes were used when entering or cleaning the coop by less than half of owners, and shoes were rarely disinfected before or after contact with the flock. Most owners (93.8%) reported washing their hands after contact with their birds, although only 48.3% reported washing their hands before contact. Among owners who sourced birds from a hatchery, only 36.8% indicated that the birds had been vaccinated and 21.1% were unsure if vaccines had been administered. Among owners using medication (60.5%), the use of antibiotics was common (60.9%). Overall, questionnaire responses describe a wide range of husbandry and biosecurity practices, often suboptimal, and point out the need for educational material for Ontario small flock owners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Brochu
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Michele T Guerin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Csaba Varga
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1 (At time of study);Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA, 61802 (Present)
| | - Brandon N Lillie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Marina L Brash
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Leonardo Susta
- University of Guelph Ontario Veterinary College Associate Professor Pathobiology PAHL Building 89 Corner of McGilvray and Gordon CANADA Guelph Ontario N1G2G2 +1(519)824-4120 X54323
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mesa-Varona O, Kaspar H, Grobbel M, Tenhagen BA. Phenotypical antimicrobial resistance data of clinical and non-clinical Escherichia coli from poultry in Germany between 2014 and 2017. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243772. [PMID: 33306730 PMCID: PMC7732064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat in humans and animals, and antimicrobial usage (AMU) has been identified as a main trigger of AMR. The purpose of this work was to compare data on AMR in clinical and non-clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in German broilers and turkeys between 2014 and 2017. Furthermore, we investigated AMR changes over time and the association of changes in AMU with changes in AMR. Data on clinical and non-clinical isolates together with data on therapy frequency of broilers and turkeys were collected from German monitoring systems. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between the explanatory factors (AMU, year and isolate type) and the dependent variable (AMR). In broilers, the analysis showed lower resistance proportions of clinical isolates of E. coli to ampicillin and colistin (ampicillin: Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.44 (0.3-0.64), p<0.001; colistin: OR and 95% CI = 0.75 (0.73-0.76), p<0.001) but higher proportions for cefotaxime (OR and 95% CI = 4.58 (1.56-15.1), p = 0.007). Resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin and tetracycline was less frequent in clinical isolates in turkeys (ampicillin: OR and 95% CI = 0.4 (0.29-0.53), p<0.001; gentamicin: OR and 95% CI = 0.5 (0.26-0.94), p = 0.035; tetracycline: OR and 95% CI = 0.4 (0.29-0.55), p<0.001). The analysis found decreasing associations of AMU with resistance to tetracycline in turkeys and to colistin in broilers. Year was associated with a decrease in resistance to colistin in broilers and to tetracycline in turkeys. Differences in resistance found in this study between clinical and non-clinical isolates might play an important role in resistance prevalence. This study indicated that further data analyses over longer time intervals are required to clarify the differences found between clinical and non-clinical isolates and to assess the long-term effects of changes in AMU on the prevalence of AMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Mesa-Varona
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Kaspar
- Department Method Standardisation, Reference Laboratories, Resistance to Antibiotics, Berlin, Germany
- Unit Monitoring of Resistance to Antibiotics, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam Grobbel
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd-Alois Tenhagen
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sreejith S, Shajahan S, Prathiush PR, Anjana VM, Viswanathan A, Chandran V, Ajith Kumar GS, Jayachandran R, Mathew J, Radhakrishnan EK. Healthy broilers disseminate antibiotic resistance in response to tetracycline input in feed concentrates. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104562. [PMID: 33039593 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Wide varieties of antibiotics are used in poultry farms to improve the growth and also to control the infection in broiler chicken. To identify the seriousness of the same in the poultry sector, current study has been designed to analyze the presence of tetracycline in poultry feed and also the tetracycline resistance among the bacteria released through the excreta of poultry. In the study, 27 bacteria belonging to the Escherichiacoli and Klebsiellapneumoniae. were isolated from the faecal samples collected from five different farms. Antibiotic susceptibility analysis showed 77% of E. coli and 100% of the K. pneumoniae. to be resistant to tetracycline. Further, molecular screening for tetA and tetB genes showed 85.18% of isolates to have tetA and 22.22% with tetB. The presence of tetracycline in collected feed samples was also analysed quantitatively by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Here, three out of five feed samples were found to be positive for tetracycline. The study showed a direct correlation between the antibiotic supplemented feed and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among the intestinal microflora. The results of the study indicate the need for strict control over antibiotic use in animal feed to limit the rapid evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sreejith
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - Shamna Shajahan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - P R Prathiush
- State Institute for Animal Diseases, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695563, India
| | - V M Anjana
- State Institute for Animal Diseases, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695563, India
| | - Arathy Viswanathan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - Vishnu Chandran
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - G S Ajith Kumar
- State Institute for Animal Diseases, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695563, India
| | - R Jayachandran
- State Institute for Animal Diseases, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695563, India
| | - Jyothis Mathew
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Isolation and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from Healthy and Diseased Turkeys. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110770. [PMID: 33147736 PMCID: PMC7692380 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp. can negatively impact turkey farming. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli and Salmonella spp. in healthy and diseased turkeys. A total of 30 fecal samples from healthy turkeys and 25 intestinal samples from diseased turkeys that died of enteritis were collected. Bacterial isolation and identification were based on biochemical properties and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiogram profiles were determined by disk diffusion. The tetracycline-resistance gene tetA was detected by PCR. All samples were positive for E. coli. Only 11 samples (11/30; 36.67%) were positive for Salmonella spp. from healthy turkeys, whereas 16 (16/25; 64%) samples were positive for Salmonella spp. from diseased turkeys. E. coli isolated from diseased turkeys showed higher resistance to levofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Salmonella spp. isolated from healthy turkeys exhibited higher resistance to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, imipenem, and meropenem. All E. coli and Salmonella spp. from both healthy and diseased turkeys were resistant to erythromycin. Salmonella spp. from both healthy and diseased turkeys were resistant to tetracycline. Multidrug resistance was observed in both E. coli and Salmonella spp. from diseased turkeys. Finally, the tetA gene was detected in 93.1% of the E. coli isolates and in 92.59% of the Salmonella spp. isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to isolate and characterize tetA-gene-containing MDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. from healthy and diseased turkeys in Bangladesh. Both microorganisms are of zoonotic significance and represent a significant public health challenge.
Collapse
|