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Miranda DG, Ramos LDP, Attik N, Pereira TC, de Oliveira LD, Marcucci MC, Rodrigues FP, Back Brito GN, Carrouel F. Pfaffia paniculata Extract, a Potential Antimicrobial Agent against Candida spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus mutans Biofilms. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1165. [PMID: 38930547 PMCID: PMC11205454 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritized developing new drugs against specific bacteria and fungi, such as Enterobacteriaceae and Candida spp. While Pfaffia paniculata is commonly called the "cure-everything", its scientifically proven benefits are limited to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Therefore, this study aims to determine the spectrum of antimicrobial activity of Pfaffia paniculata and assess its cytotoxicity. Thus, broth microdilution test was conducted according to the CLSI M7-A9 and M27-A3 reference methods. After screening, microbial species with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were selected for biofilm tests. These tests evaluated biomass using the crystal violet (CV) test, metabolic activity using the MTT assay, and structural analysis via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity was evaluated in human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1). There were reductions of 29.4 and 42.7% in CV and MTT assays for Candida spp. biofilm. S. mutans and P. aeruginosa biofilms showed a decrease of 15.7 and 28.6%, respectively. Cell viability tests indicated 55.1, 56.9, and 65.5% of viability after contact with 1.93, 0.96, and 0.48 mg/mL of the extract, respectively. The P. paniculata extract showed antimicrobial action, displayed MIC values, and antibiofilm action on P. aeruginosa, S. mutans, and C. albicans. The cytotoxicity on the FMM-1 cell line was dose-dependent. Therefore, P. paniculata extract holds significant potential for developing new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garcia Miranda
- Multimaterials and Interfaces Laboratory (LMI), CNRS UMR 5615, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 6 rue Victor Grignard, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
- Faculté d’Odontologie, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France
- Laboratory “Health Systemic Process” (P2S), UR4129, Faculty of Medicine Laennec, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France;
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil (L.D.d.O.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Lucas de Paula Ramos
- Laboratory “Health Systemic Process” (P2S), UR4129, Faculty of Medicine Laennec, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France;
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil (L.D.d.O.); (M.C.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Paulista University, Highway President Dutra km 157, São José dos Campos 12240-420, SP, Brazil
| | - Nina Attik
- Multimaterials and Interfaces Laboratory (LMI), CNRS UMR 5615, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 6 rue Victor Grignard, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
- Faculté d’Odontologie, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Thaís Cristine Pereira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil (L.D.d.O.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil (L.D.d.O.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Maria Cristina Marcucci
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil (L.D.d.O.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Flavia Pires Rodrigues
- Oral Biology Division, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK
| | | | - Florence Carrouel
- Faculté d’Odontologie, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France
- Laboratory “Health Systemic Process” (P2S), UR4129, Faculty of Medicine Laennec, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France;
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Waldner C, Windeyer MC, Rousseau M, Campbell J. The Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network - productivity and health summary 2018 to 2022. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1392166. [PMID: 38659449 PMCID: PMC11040676 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1392166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cow-calf surveillance data provide critical information about changing herd demographics, productivity, health, and management as well as the opportunity to investigate the impact of differing management practices. A national cow-calf network was established to collect baseline information on herd health, production performance measures, and management. Questionnaires were used to collect information on herd attributes as well as data for the calving season, breeding, pregnancy testing, and weaning for herds from across Canada. From 2018 to 2022, a total of 565 calving record questionnaires, representing 110,658 calving female records from 171 herds were returned, along with 543 herd breeding to weaning questionnaires. Suggested benchmark values based on the 25th percentiles from Western and Eastern Canada were determined to be <5% for non-pregnancy, <2% for calf death from birth to 24 h, and < 2% for calf death from 24 h to weaning. Herds from Eastern Canada were more likely to report any assistance at calving (p < 0.001) than herds from Western Canada. Participating herds from the east had longer breeding (p < 0.001) and calving (p < 0.001) seasons than those from the west and were also more likely to use artificial insemination or embryo transfer (p < 0.001). Timing of calving season and use of large pastures for calving were not associated with mortality at birth. Herds that started calving before April were more likely to have calves die before 30 d than those that started calving later; however, this difference was not observed between 30 d and weaning. Herds that started to calve earlier were also more likely to report treating more calves for bovine respiratory disease, diarrhea, and navel or joint infections as well as to calf deaths from respiratory disease. Calves from herds in the east were more likely to be treated or die from diarrhea than from the west. Females from herds that started calving later were less likely to be pregnant. The unique longitudinal productivity and health data resulting from this network established a national baseline to address region-specific needs for knowledge translation and solutions to enhance productivity and support sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Waldner
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - M. Claire Windeyer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marjolaine Rousseau
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - John Campbell
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Fossen JD, Campbell JR, Gow SP, Erickson N, Waldner CL. Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus isolated from western Canadian cow-calf herds. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:6. [PMID: 38172772 PMCID: PMC10763084 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in cow-calf herds is limited and there have been no Canadian studies examining AMR in Enterococcus in cow-calf herds. Enterococcus is a ubiquitous Gram-positive indicator of AMR for enteric organisms that is also important in human health. The objective of this study was to describe AMR in specific Enterococcus species of interest from cow-calf herds; highlighting differences in AMR among isolates from cows and calves and samples collected in the spring and fall. Isolates (n = 1505) were examined from 349 calves and 385 cows from 39 herds in the spring of 2021 and 413 calves from 39 herds and 358 cows from 36 herds in the fall of 2021. Enterococcus species were identified using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was completed based on a prioritization scheme for importance to human health and using the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) Gram positive Sensititre broth microdilution panel. RESULTS Resistance was observed to at least one antimicrobial in 86% (630/734) of isolates from the spring and 84% (644/771) of isolates from the fall. The most common types of resistance across all species were: lincomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, daptomycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. However, the proportion of isolates with AMR varied substantially based on species. Multiclass resistance, defined as resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes after excluding intrinsic resistance, was highest in isolates from calves in the spring (6.9%) (24/349) and cows in the fall (6.7%) (24/357). Differences in resistance were seen between cows and calves in the spring and fall as well as across seasons, with no differences seen between cows and calves in the fall. CONCLUSIONS While most Enterococcus isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, questions remain regarding species differences in intrinsic resistance and the accuracy of certain antimicrobial breakpoints for specific Enterococcus spp. As a result, some species-specific AMR profiles should be interpreted with caution. Despite these constraints, Enterococcus species are important indicator organisms for AMR and resulting data can be used to inform stewardship initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayce D Fossen
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - John R Campbell
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Sheryl P Gow
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Nathan Erickson
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Waldner
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada.
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