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Ren B, Wu X, Zhou Y, Chen L, Jiang J. SYN1 variant causes X-linked neurodevelopmental disorders: a case report of variable clinical phenotypes in siblings. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1359287. [PMID: 38576531 PMCID: PMC10991737 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1359287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The SYN1 gene encodes synapsin I, variants within the SYN1 gene are linked to X-linked neurodevelopmental disorders with high clinical heterogeneity, with reflex epilepsies (REs) being a representative clinical manifestation. This report analyzes a Chinese pedigree affected by seizures associated with SYN1 variants and explores the genotype-phenotype correlation. The proband, a 9-year-old boy, experienced seizures triggered by bathing at the age of 3, followed by recurrent absence seizures, behavioral issues, and learning difficulties. His elder brother exhibited a distinct clinical phenotype, experiencing sudden seizures during sleep at the age of 16, accompanied by hippocampal sclerosis. Whole exome sequencing (WES) confirmed a pathogenic SYN1 variant, c.1647_1650dup (p. Ser551Argfs*134), inherited in an X-linked manner from their mother. Notably, this variant displayed diverse clinical phenotypes in the two brothers and one previously reported case in the literature. Retrospective examination of SYN1 variants revealed an association between truncating variants and the pathogenicity of REs, and non-truncating variants are more related to developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID). In summary, this study contributes to understanding complex neurodevelopmental disorders associated with SYN1, highlighting the clinical heterogeneity of gene variants and emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive genetic analysis in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ren
- Shanghai Nyuen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Shanghai Nyuen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiang Zhou
- Shanghai Nyuen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Shanghai Nyuen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzi Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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2
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Leuschner UV, Kleinle S, Holzinger A, Neef J. Novel SYN1 Variant in Two Brothers with Focal Epilepsy and Their Prompt Response to Valproate. Neuropediatrics 2023; 54:206-210. [PMID: 36693418 DOI: 10.1055/a-2019-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Synapsins are neuron-specific phosphoproteins that modulate neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and molecular processes shaping higher brain functions. Pathogenic synapsin-1 (SYN1) variants are associated with epilepsy, intellectual disabilities, and behavioral problems. We detected a novel SYN1 variant [c.477_479delTGG (p.Gly160del)] in brothers with focal epilepsy with secondary generalization. The deleted amino acid was found to be highly conserved among mammalian species. In electroencephalography, the older brother showed a bioelectrical status epilepticus and was also diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behavioral abnormalities were seen before or after the seizures. Both patients responded quickly to treatment with valproate. Our case reports are consistent with the clinical heterogeneity of the pathogenic SYN1 variants described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Schwäbisch Hall, Schwäbisch Hall, Germany
| | - Jochen Neef
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Klinikum Schwäbisch Hall, Schwäbisch Hall, Germany
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3
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Ma W, Lu K, Liang HM, Zhang JY. Synapsin 1 Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment and Neuroinflammation in Rats with Alzheimer's Disease: An Experimental and Bioinformatics Study. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:648-659. [PMID: 38213171 DOI: 10.2174/0115672050276594231229050906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a persistent neuropathological injury that manifests via neuronal/synaptic death, age spot development, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. Synapsin 1 (SYN1), a neuronal phosphoprotein, is believed to be responsible for the pathology of AD. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the exact role of SYN1 in ameliorating AD and its potential regulatory mechanisms. METHODS The AD dataset GSE48350 was downloaded from the GEO database, and SYN1 was focused on differential expression analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. After establishing an AD rat model, they were treated with RNAi lentivirus to trigger SYN1 overexpression. The amelioration of SYN1 in AD-associated behavior was validated using multiple experiments (water maze test and object recognition test). SYN1's repairing effect on the important factors in AD was confirmed by detecting the concentration of inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), neurotransmitters (acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine (DA), and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT)) and markers of oxidative stress (glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS)). Molecular biology experiments (qRT-PCR and western blot) were performed to examine AD-related signaling pathways after SYN1 overexpression. RESULTS Differential expression analysis yielded a total of 545 differentially expressed genes, of which four were upregulated and 541 were downregulated. The enriched pathways were basically focused on synaptic functions, and the analysis of the protein- protein interaction network focused on the key genes in SYN1. SYN1 significantly improved the spatial learning and memory abilities of AD rats. This enhancement was reflected in the reduced escape latency of the rats in the water maze, the significantly extended dwell time in the third quadrant, and the increased number of crossings. Furthermore, the results of the object recognition test revealed reduced time for rats to explore familiar and new objects. After SYN1 overexpression, the cAMP signaling pathway was activated, the phosphorylation levels of the CREB and PKA proteins were elevated, and the secretion of neurotransmitters such as ACh, DA, and 5-HT was promoted. Furthermore, oxidative stress was suppressed, as supported by decreased levels of MDA and ROS. Regarding inflammatory factors, the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly reduced in AD rats with SYN1 overexpression. CONCLUSION SYN1 overexpression improves cognitive function and promotes the release of various neurotransmitters in AD rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses through cAMP signaling pathway activation. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for the targeted diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. Yinchuan750004, China
| | - Kui Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Hua-Min Liang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. Yinchuan750004, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. Yinchuan750004, China
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Parenti I, Leitão E, Kuechler A, Villard L, Goizet C, Courdier C, Bayat A, Rossi A, Julia S, Bruel AL, Tran Mau-Them F, Nambot S, Lehalle D, Willems M, Lespinasse J, Ghoumid J, Caumes R, Smol T, El Chehadeh S, Schaefer E, Abi-Warde MT, Keren B, Afenjar A, Tabet AC, Levy J, Maruani A, Aledo-Serrano Á, Garming W, Milleret-Pignot C, Chassevent A, Koopmans M, Verbeek NE, Person R, Belles R, Bellus G, Salbert BA, Kaiser FJ, Mazzola L, Convers P, Perrin L, Piton A, Wiegand G, Accogli A, Brancati F, Benfenati F, Chatron N, Lewis-Smith D, Thomas RH, Zara F, Striano P, Lesca G, Depienne C. The different clinical facets of SYN1-related neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1019715. [PMID: 36568968 PMCID: PMC9773998 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1019715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapsin-I (SYN1) is a presynaptic phosphoprotein crucial for synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Pathogenic SYN1 variants are associated with variable X-linked neurodevelopmental disorders mainly affecting males. In this study, we expand on the clinical and molecular spectrum of the SYN1-related neurodevelopmental disorders by describing 31 novel individuals harboring 22 different SYN1 variants. We analyzed newly identified as well as previously reported individuals in order to define the frequency of key features associated with these disorders. Specifically, behavioral disturbances such as autism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are observed in 91% of the individuals, epilepsy in 82%, intellectual disability in 77%, and developmental delay in 70%. Seizure types mainly include tonic-clonic or focal seizures with impaired awareness. The presence of reflex seizures is one of the most representative clinical manifestations related to SYN1. In more than half of the cases, seizures are triggered by contact with water, but other triggers are also frequently reported, including rubbing with a towel, fever, toothbrushing, fingernail clipping, falling asleep, and watching others showering or bathing. We additionally describe hyperpnea, emotion, lighting, using a stroboscope, digestive troubles, and defecation as possible triggers in individuals with SYN1 variants. The molecular spectrum of SYN1 variants is broad and encompasses truncating variants (frameshift, nonsense, splicing and start-loss variants) as well as non-truncating variants (missense substitutions and in-frame duplications). Genotype-phenotype correlation revealed that epileptic phenotypes are enriched in individuals with truncating variants. Furthermore, we could show for the first time that individuals with early seizures onset tend to present with severe-to-profound intellectual disability, hence highlighting the existence of an association between early seizure onset and more severe impairment of cognitive functions. Altogether, we present a detailed clinical description of the largest series of individuals with SYN1 variants reported so far and provide the first genotype-phenotype correlations for this gene. A timely molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling are cardinal for appropriate patient management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Parenti
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elsa Leitão
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laurent Villard
- INSERM, MMG, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France,Département de Génétique Médicale, APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France,Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France,NRGEN Team, INCIA, CNRS UMR 5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Courdier
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France,Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France,NRGEN Team, INCIA, CNRS UMR 5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Allan Bayat
- Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center, Dianalund, Denmark,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Rossi
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center, Dianalund, Denmark,Pediatric Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sophie Julia
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Pôle de Biologie, CHU de Toulouse - Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France,UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Tran Mau-Them
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France,UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Nambot
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Daphné Lehalle
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France,UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- Department of Medical Genetics, Rare diseases and Personalized Medicine, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France,Inserm U1298, INM, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - James Lespinasse
- Service de Cytogenetique, Centre Hospitalier de Chambéry, Chambéry, France
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- Univ. Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, Lille, France,CHU Lille, Clinique de Génétique, Guy Fontaine, Lille, France
| | - Roseline Caumes
- Univ. Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, Lille, France,CHU Lille, Clinique de Génétique, Guy Fontaine, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Smol
- Univ. Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, Lille, France,CHU Lille, Institut de Génétique Médicale, Lille, France
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Boris Keren
- APHP, Département de Génétique, UF de Génomique du Développement, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Jonathan Levy
- APHP, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France
| | - Anna Maruani
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Ángel Aledo-Serrano
- Epilepsy and Neurogenetics Program, Neurology Department, Ruber Internacional Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Waltraud Garming
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Kinder-und Jugendklinik Gelsenkirchen, Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Anna Chassevent
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marije Koopmans
- Department of Genetics, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nienke E. Verbeek
- Department of Genetics, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Rebecca Belles
- Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Gary Bellus
- Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Bonnie A. Salbert
- Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Frank J. Kaiser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,Essener Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen (EZSE), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laure Mazzola
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Convers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurine Perrin
- Department of Paediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, CHU Saint-Étienne, Hôpital Bellevue, Rhône-Alpes Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Amélie Piton
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Gert Wiegand
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Asklepios Klinik Nord-Heidberg, Hamburg, Germany,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine II (Neuropediatrics, Social Pediatrics), University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Qc, Canada,Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Life, Human Genetics, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy,IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Geneva, Italy,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Geneva, Italy
| | - Nicolas Chatron
- Service de Genetique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France,Institute NeuroMyoGène, Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261 -INSERM U1315, Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - David Lewis-Smith
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys H. Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Zara
- IRCCS G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy,Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- IRCCS G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy,Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Service de Genetique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France,Institute NeuroMyoGène, Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261 -INSERM U1315, Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,*Correspondence: Christel Depienne,
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5
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Lu M, He X, Jiao Z, Hu Z, Guo Z, Dai S, Wang H, Xu D. The upregulation of glutamate decarboxylase 67 against hippocampal excitability damage in male fetal rats by prenatal caffeine exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2703-2717. [PMID: 35917217 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of xanthine alkaloid, caffeine is widely present in beverages, food, and analgesic drugs. Our previous studies have shown that prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) can induce programmed hypersensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in offspring rats, which is involved in developing many chronic adult diseases. The present study further examined the potential molecular mechanism and toxicity targets of hippocampal dysfunction, which might mediate the programmed hypersensitivity of the HPA axis in offspring. Pregnant rats were intragastrically administered with 0, 30, and 120 mg/kg/day caffeine from gestational days (GD) 9-20, and the fetal rats were extracted at GD20. Rat fetal hippocampal H19-7/IGF1R cell line was treated with caffeine, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) agonist (CGS-21680) or adenylate cyclase agonist (forskolin) plus caffeine. Compared with the control group, hippocampal neurons of male fetal rats by PCE displayed increased apoptosis and reduced synaptic plasticity, whereas glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) expression was increased. Moreover, the expression of A2AR was down-regulated, PCE inhibited the cAMP/PKA/CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway. Furthermore, the results in vitro were consistent with the in vivo study. Both CGS21680 and forskolin could reverse the above alteration caused by caffeine. These results indicated that PCE inhibits the BDNF pathway and mediates the hippocampus's glutamate (Glu) excitotoxicity. The compensatory up-regulation of GAD67 unbalanced the Glu/gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic output, leading to the impaired negative feedback to the hypothalamus and hypersensitivity of the HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhexiao Jiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zewen Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijing Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyun Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
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6
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Zhou B, Yan X, Yang L, Zheng X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Ren Y, Peng J, Zhang Y, Huang J, Tang L, Wen M. Effects of arginine vasopressin on the transcriptome of prefrontal cortex in autistic rat model. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5493-5505. [PMID: 36239083 PMCID: PMC9639040 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have also demonstrated that AVP can significantly improve social interaction disorders and stereotypical behaviours in rats with VPA‐induced autism model. To further explore the mechanisms of action of AVP, we compared the PFC transcriptome changes before and after AVP treatment in VPA‐induced autism rat model. The autism model was induced by intraperitoneally injected with VPA at embryonic day 12.5 and randomly assigned to two groups: the VPA‐induced autism model group and the AVP treatment group. The AVP treatment group were treated with intranasal AVP at postnatal day 21 and for 3 weeks. The gene expression levels and function changes on the prefrontal cortex were measured by RNA‐seq and bioinformatics analysis at PND42 and the mRNA expression levels of synaptic and myelin development related genes were validated by qPCR. Our results confirmed that AVP could significantly improve synaptic and axon dysplasia and promote oligodendrocyte development in the prefrontal cortex in VPA‐induced autism models by regulating multiple signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xuehui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunhua Chen
- College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yibu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yibing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Min Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
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7
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Xiong J, Chen S, Chen B, Zhang W, Chen C, Deng X, He F, Zhang C, Yang L, Wang Y, Peng J, Yin F. A novel KCNQ2 missense variant in non-syndromic intellectual disability causes mild gain-of-function of Kv7.2 channel. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 530:74-80. [PMID: 35247435 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous variants of KCNQ2 can cause KCNQ2 associated neurodevelopmental disorder, mainly are benign (familial) neonatal or infantile epilepsy (B(F)NE or B(F)IE) and early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE). Moreover, some intermediate phenotypes, including intellectual disability (ID), and myokymia are related to the gene. METHODS We collected a non-syndromic ID male patient with a novel KCNQ2 missense variant. Whole cell electrophysiology, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were adopted to analyze the variant's functional alterations. RESULTS The patient presented with global developmental delay since his infancy. He still had profound ID but did not have epilepsy at the adolescence. The de novo KCNQ2 variant p.R75C (NM_172107) in the NH2 domain identified here showed a slightly hyperpolarized shift of activation curves and larger current density in homomeric configurations, which could be abolished in co-expression with Kv7.2 or Kv7.3 wild-type. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry supported that the expression of variant p.R75C is lower than the Kv7.2 wild-type. The findings indicated variant p.R75C cause mild gain-of-function (GOF) of Kv7.2 channel. CONCLUSIONS We report a non-syndromic ID patient with a KCNQ2 mild GOF variant, adding evidence for this rare clinical phenotype in the disorder. We propose that individuals with KCNQ2 GOF variants are prone to have cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Shimeng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Baiyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolu Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ciliu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Lifen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China.
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Moschetta M, Ravasenga T, De Fusco A, Maragliano L, Aprile D, Orlando M, Sacchetti S, Casagrande S, Lignani G, Fassio A, Baldelli P, Benfenati F. Ca 2+ binding to synapsin I regulates resting Ca 2+ and recovery from synaptic depression in nerve terminals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:600. [PMID: 36409372 PMCID: PMC9678998 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04631-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synapsin I (SynI) is a synaptic vesicle (SV)-associated phosphoprotein that modulates neurotransmission by controlling SV trafficking. The SynI C-domain contains a highly conserved ATP binding site mediating SynI oligomerization and SV clustering and an adjacent main Ca2+ binding site, whose physiological role is unexplored. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the E373K point mutation irreversibly deletes Ca2+ binding to SynI, still allowing ATP binding, but inducing a destabilization of the SynI oligomerization interface. Here, we analyzed the effects of this mutation on neurotransmitter release and short-term plasticity in excitatory and inhibitory synapses from primary hippocampal neurons. Patch-clamp recordings showed an increase in the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) that was totally occluded by exogenous Ca2+ chelators and associated with a constitutive increase in resting terminal Ca2+ concentrations. Evoked EPSC amplitude was also reduced, due to a decreased readily releasable pool (RRP) size. Moreover, in both excitatory and inhibitory synapses, we observed a marked impaired recovery from synaptic depression, associated with impaired RRP refilling and depletion of the recycling pool of SVs. Our study identifies SynI as a novel Ca2+ buffer in excitatory terminals. Blocking Ca2+ binding to SynI results in higher constitutive Ca2+ levels that increase the probability of spontaneous release and disperse SVs. This causes a decreased size of the RRP and an impaired recovery from depression due to the failure of SV reclustering after sustained high-frequency stimulation. The results indicate a physiological role of Ca2+ binding to SynI in the regulation of SV clustering and trafficking in nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Moschetta
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy ,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ravasenga
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy ,IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio De Fusco
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy ,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Maragliano
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy ,Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Davide Aprile
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy ,Present Address: High-Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Campus IFOM-IEO, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Orlando
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy ,Present Address: Charitè Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvio Sacchetti
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Casagrande
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Lignani
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy ,Present Address: Queens Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Fassio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy ,IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Pietro Baldelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy ,IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy ,IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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