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Richard SA. The pivotal role of irradiation-induced apoptosis in the pathogenesis and therapy of medulloblastoma. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2048. [PMID: 38599791 PMCID: PMC11006592 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastoma (MB) is a rare primitive neuroectodermal tumors originating from the cerebellum. MB is the most common malignant primary brain tumor of childhood. MB originates from neural precursor cells in distinctive regions of the rhombic lip, and their maturation occurs in the cerebellum or the brain stem during embryonal development. Also, apoptosis is a programmed cell death associated with numerous physiological as well as pathological regulations. RECENT FINDINGS Irradiation (IR)-induce apoptosis triggers cell death, with or without intervening mitosis within a few hours of IR and these share different morphologic alteration such as, loss of normal nuclear structure as well as degradation of DNA. Moreover, MB is strikingly sensitive to DNA-damaging therapies and the role of apoptosis a key treatment modality. Furthermore, in MB, the apoptotic pathways are made up of several triggers, modulators, as well as effectors. Notably, IR-induced apoptotic mechanisms in MB therapy are very complex and they either induce radiosensitivity or inhibit radioresistance leading to potential effective treatment strategies for MB. CONCLUSION This review explicitly explores the pivotal roles of IR-induced apoptosis in the pathogenesis and therapy of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidu A. Richard
- Department of MedicinePrincefield UniversityHoGhana
- Institute of Neuroscience, Third Affiliated HospitalZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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2
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Shen M, Zhang Y, Wu F, Shen M, Zhang S, Guo Y, Gan J, Wang R. Knockdown of hCINAP sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to ionizing radiation. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:233-247. [PMID: 38551450 PMCID: PMC11057657 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2309015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant challenge in terms of treatment due to the prevalence of radiotherapy resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for radio-resistance in CRC have not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to shed light on the role of human coilin interacting nuclear ATPase protein (hCINAP) in radiation-resistant HT-29 and SW480 CRC cells (HT-29-IR and SW480-IR) and investigate its potential implications. Firstly, radiation-resistant CRC cell lines were established by subjecting HT-29 and SW480 cells to sequential radiation exposure. Subsequent analysis revealed a notable increase in hCINAP expression in radiation-resistant CRC cells. To elucidate the functional role of hCINAP in radio-resistance, knockdown experiments were conducted. Remarkably, knockdown of hCINAP resulted in an elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation upon radiation treatment and subsequent activation of apoptosis mediated by mitochondria. These observations indicate that hCINAP depletion enhances the radiosensitivity of CRC cells. Conversely, when hCINAP was overexpressed, it was found to enhance the radio-resistance of CRC cells. This suggests that elevated hCINAP expression contributes to the development of radio-resistance. Further investigation revealed an interaction between hCINAP and ATPase family AAA domain containing 3A (ATAD3A). Importantly, ATAD3A was identified as an essential factor in hCINAP-mediated radio-resistance. These findings establish the involvement of hCINAP and its interaction with ATAD3A in the regulation of radio-resistance in CRC cells. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that upregulating hCINAP expression may improve the survival of radiation-exposed CRC cells. Understanding the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying hCINAP function holds promise for potential strategies in targeted radiation therapy for CRC. These findings emphasize the importance of further research to gain a comprehensive understanding of hCINAP's precise molecular mechanisms and explore its potential as a therapeutic target in overcoming radio-resistance in CRC. By unraveling the complexities of hCINAP and its interactions, novel therapeutic approaches may be developed to enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy and improve outcomes for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhu Shen
- Department of Radiotheraphy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiotheraphy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Radiotheraphy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Meizhen Shen
- Department of Radiotheraphy, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jialiang Gan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rensheng Wang
- Department of Radiotheraphy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Razali NSC, Lam KW, Rajab NF, Jamal ARA, Kamaludin NF, Chan KM. Curcumin piperidone derivatives induce caspase-dependent apoptosis and suppress miRNA-21 expression in LN-18 human glioblastoma cells. Genes Environ 2024; 46:4. [PMID: 38303058 PMCID: PMC10832295 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we have reported on the two curcuminoid analogues with piperidone derivatives, namely FLDP-5 and FLDP-8 have more potent anti-proliferative and anti-migration effects than curcumin. In this study, we further investigated the mode of cell death and the mechanism involved in the cell death process induced by these analogues on human glioblastoma LN-18 cells. RESULTS The FLDP-5 and FLDP-8 curcuminoid analogues induced LN-18 cell death through apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner following 24 h of treatment. These analogues induced apoptosis in LN-18 cells through significant loss of mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as early as 1-hour of treatment. Interestingly, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment did not abolish the apoptosis induced by these analogues, further confirming the cell death process is independent of ROS. However, the apoptosis induced by the analogues is caspases-dependent, whereby pan-caspase pretreatment inhibited the curcuminoid analogues-induced apoptosis. The apoptotic cell death progressed with the activation of both caspase-8 and caspase-9, which eventually led to the activation of caspase-3, as confirmed by immunoblotting. Moreover, the existing over-expression of miRNA-21 in LN-18 cells was suppressed following treatment with both analogues, which suggested the down-regulation of the miRNA-21 facilitates the cell death process. CONCLUSION The FLDP-5 and FLDP-8 curcuminoid analogues downregulate the miRNA-21 expression and induce extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in LN-18 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syahirah Che Razali
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Kok Wai Lam
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Center for Health Ageing and Wellness Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - A Rahman A Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Centre, Cheras, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farahana Kamaludin
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia.
- Product Stewardship and Toxicology, Group Health, Safety and Environment (GHSE), Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), Kuala Lumpur, 50088, Malaysia.
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4
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Safarbalou A, Ebrahimi F, Amiri FT, Hosseinimehr SJ. Radioprotective Effect of Piperine, as a Major Component of Black Pepper, Against Radiation-induced Colon Injury: Biochemical and Histological Studies. Curr Radiopharm 2024; 17:38-45. [PMID: 37489775 DOI: 10.2174/1874471016666230725112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients undergoing radiotherapy are prone to radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury. Piperine is an alkaloid component in black pepper with a unique chemopreventive activity against oxidative stress-related damage in healthy tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of piperine on intestinal damage. METHODS In this study, mice were divided into eight groups: including the control, piperine (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg), radiation (6 Gy), and piperine+radiation (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg + 6 Gy) groups. The radioprotective effects of piperine were evaluated by biochemical (MDA, GSH, and PC) and histopathological assessments in colon tissues. RESULTS The 10 mg/kg dose of piperine significantly reduced the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers compared to the group that received only radiation. In addition, pre-treatment with 10 mg/kg piperine diminished the histopathological changes like vascular congestion in the submucosa, while the dose of 50 mg/kg led to the infiltration of inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION Based on this study, it is concluded that piperine, at low dose, with its antioxidant properties, could reduce the colon damage caused by radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Safarbalou
- Department of Pharmacy, Ramsar Campous, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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5
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Ramya Devi KT, Jaganathan MK, Ganesh MR, Dharshene K. Chitosan-encapsulated naringenin promotes ROS mediated through the activation of executioner caspase-3. Med Oncol 2023; 41:3. [PMID: 38017323 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that chitosan nanoparticle-encapsulated Naringenin (CS-NPs/NAR) could scavenge free radicals at lower doses and be cytotoxic to cancer cells. The current study continues to focus on the mechanism behind CS-NPs/NAR-induced breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) death. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with higher concentrations (100, 200, and 200 µg) of Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs), naringenin (NAR), and chitosan-encapsulated naringenin (CS-NPs/NAR). The cell viability, proliferation, and oxidative stress parameters, such as nitric oxide [NO], xanthine oxidase (XOD), and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) levels, were analyzed. ROS levels were determined through DCFDA analysis. MTT-based cell cytotoxicity and BrdU cell proliferation analysis depicted the cytotoxicity effects (37% and 29% for 24 and 48 h) and exhibited a reduction in the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 by CS-NPs/NAR. A significant increase in NO content, XOD, a decrease in XDH, and an increase in ROS levels were observed upon treatment with CS-NPs/NAR. Fluorescent images suggested the increase in the ROS level upon treatment with CS-NPs/NAR in cancer cells, and the results suggested that it could induce apoptosis. Further, to confirm this, the activity of caspase-3 was analyzed through western blotting, and the result suggested that the higher concentration of CS-NPs/NAR has increased the activation of procaspase3 when compared to free NAR. Hence, the current investigation concludes that high doses of CS-NPs/NAR induce and increase oxidative stress and so increased activation of procaspase3 may lead to cancer cell apoptosis and reduction in cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Ramya Devi
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - M K Jaganathan
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - M R Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Enginering and Technology, SRM institute of Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Karthick Dharshene
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
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Wächter S, Roth S, Gercke N, Schötz U, Dikomey E, Engenhart-Cabillic R, Maurer E, Bartsch DK, Di Fazio P. Anti-Proliferative Effect of Radiotherapy and Implication of Immunotherapy in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1397. [PMID: 37374179 PMCID: PMC10301015 DOI: 10.3390/life13061397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy and immunotherapy have shown promising efficacy for the treatment of solid malignancies. Here, we aim to clarify the potential of a combined application of radiotherapy and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody atezolizumab in primary anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. The radiation caused a significant reduction in cell proliferation, measured by luminescence, and of the number of colonies. The addition of atezolizumab caused a further reduction in cell proliferation of the irradiated ATC cells. However, the combined treatment did not cause either the exposure of the phosphatidylserine or the necrosis, assessed by luminescence/fluorescence. Additionally, a reduction in both uncleaved and cleaved forms of caspases 8 and 3 proteins was detectable in radiated cells. The DNA damage evidenced the over-expression of TP53, CDKN1A and CDKN1B transcripts detected by RT-qPCR and the increase in the protein level of P-γH2AX and the DNA repair deputed kinases. PD-L1 protein level increased in ATC cells after radiation. Radiotherapy caused the reduction in cell viability and an increase of PD-L1-expression, but not apoptotic cell death in ATC cells. The further combination with the immunotherapeutic atezolizumab could increase the efficacy of radiotherapy in terms of reduction in cell proliferation. Further analysis of the involvement of alternative cell death mechanisms is necessary to clarify their cell demise mechanism of action. Their efficacy represents a promising therapy for patients affected by ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Wächter
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldigerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Roth
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldigerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Norman Gercke
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldigerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schötz
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radio Oncology, Philipps University Marburg, Baldigerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Dikomey
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rita Engenhart-Cabillic
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radio Oncology, Philipps University Marburg, Baldigerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Maurer
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldigerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Detlef K Bartsch
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldigerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Pietro Di Fazio
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldigerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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7
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Mercantepe F, Tumkaya L, Mercantepe T, Rakici S. Histopathological evaluation of the effects of dexmedetomidine against pituitary damage ınduced by X-ray irradiation. Biomarkers 2023; 28:168-176. [PMID: 36453587 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2154385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: The present study, aimed to investigate the potential negative effects of x-ray radiation and the effects of the α2-adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine on the pituitary gland.Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Rats in Group 1 (control group). Group 2 (X-ray irradiation) and group 3 (X-ray irradiation + Dexmedetomidine) were given a total of 10 Gy external beam total body irradiation. Group 3 was given a single intraperitoneal dose of 200 µg/kg dexmedetomidine 30 minutes before RT.Results: In sections obtained from the x-ray irradiation group, we observed many necrotic in adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. In addition, there were extensive oedematous areas and vascular congestions due to the necrotic cells in both the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. In contrast, we observed a reduction in necrotic chromophobic and chromophilic cells in adenohypophyseal tissue and a reduction in necrotic pituicytes in neurohypophyseal tissue in the dexmedetomidine treatment group. In addition, we determined lower caspase-3 and TUNEL expression in the dexmedetomidine treatment group compared with the x-ray irradiation group. Dexmedetomidine reduced x-ray radiation-induced pituitary damage by preventing apoptosis.Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the use of dexmedetomidine in situations related to radiation toxicity and offers the potential for a comprehensive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Mercantepe
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sema Rakici
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Letechipia JO, de León CL, Vega-Carrillo HR, García López DA, Rodríguez SHS. Apoptosis and cellular stress induction in human leukocytes by dental X-rays. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Park HR, Lee JH, Ji HJ, Lim S, Ahn KB, Seo HS. Radioprotection of deinococcal exopolysaccharide BRD125 by regenerating hematopoietic stem cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:898185. [PMID: 36226052 PMCID: PMC9549790 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.898185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a substantial need for the development of biomaterials for protecting hematopoietic stem cells and enhancing hematopoiesis after radiation damage. Bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) has been shown to be very attractive to researchers as a radioprotectant owing to its high antioxidant, anti-cancer, and limited adverse effects. In the present study, we isolated EPS from a novel strain, Deinococcus radiodurans BRD125, which produces EPS in high abundance, and investigated its applicability as a radioprotective biomaterial. We found that EPS isolated from EPS-rich D. radiodurans BRD125 (DeinoPol-BRD125) had an excellent free-radical scavenging effect and reduced irradiation-induced apoptosis. In addition, bone-marrow and spleen-cell apoptosis in irradiated mice were significantly reduced by DeinoPol-BRD125 administration. DeinoPol-BRD125 enhanced the expression of hematopoiesis-related cytokines such as GM-CSF, G-GSF, M-CSF, and SCF, thereby enhancing hematopoietic stem cells protection and regeneration. Taken together, our findings are the first to report the immunological mechanism of a novel radioprotectant, DeinoPol-BRD125, which might constitute an ideal radioprotective and radiation mitigating agent as a supplement drug during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ran Park
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ho Seong Seo, ; Hae Ran Park,
| | - Ji Hee Lee
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Division of Pathogen Resource Management, Center for Public Vaccine Development Support, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health (NIH), Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Ji
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ho Seong Seo, ; Hae Ran Park,
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Mohajershojai T, Jha P, Boström A, Frejd FY, Yazaki PJ, Nestor M. In Vitro Characterization of 177Lu-DOTA-M5A Anti-Carcinoembryonic Antigen Humanized Antibody and HSP90 Inhibition for Potentiated Radioimmunotherapy of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:849338. [PMID: 35433442 PMCID: PMC9010075 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.849338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an antigen that is highly expressed in colorectal cancers and widely used as a tumor marker. 131I and 90Y-radiolabeled anti-CEA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have previously been assessed for radioimmunotherapy in early clinical trials with promising results. Moreover, the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor onalespib has previously demonstrated radiotherapy potentiation effects in vivo. In the present study, a 177Lu-radiolabeled anti-CEA hT84.66-M5A mAb (M5A) conjugate was developed and the potential therapeutic effects of 177Lu-DOTA-M5A and/or onalespib were investigated. The 177Lu radiolabeling of M5A was first optimized and characterized. Binding specificity and affinity of the conjugate were then evaluated in a panel of gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. The effects on spheroid growth and cell viability, as well as molecular effects from treatments, were then assessed in several three-dimensional (3D) multicellular colorectal cancer spheroid models. Stable and reproducible radiolabeling was obtained, with labeling yields above 92%, and stability was retained at least 48 h post-radiolabeling. Antigen-specific binding of the radiolabeled conjugate was demonstrated on all CEA-positive cell lines. Dose-dependent therapeutic effects of both 177Lu-DOTA-M5A and onalespib were demonstrated in the spheroid models. Moreover, effects were potentiated in several dose combinations, where spheroid sizes and viabilities were significantly decreased compared to the corresponding monotherapies. For example, the combination treatment with 350 nM onalespib and 20 kBq 177Lu-DOTA-M5A resulted in 2.5 and 2.3 times smaller spheroids at the experimental endpoint than the corresponding monotreatments in the SNU1544 spheroid model. Synergistic effects were demonstrated in several of the more effective combinations. Molecular assessments validated the therapy results and displayed increased apoptosis in several combination treatments. In conclusion, the combination therapy of anti-CEA 177Lu-DOTA-M5A and onalespib showed enhanced therapeutic effects over the individual monotherapies for the potential treatment of colorectal cancer. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to confirm the current study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Preeti Jha
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Fredrik Y Frejd
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul J Yazaki
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Marika Nestor
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Key biological mechanisms involved in high-LET radiation therapies with a focus on DNA damage and repair. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e15. [PMID: 35357290 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage and repair studies are at the core of the radiation biology field and represent also the fundamental principles informing radiation therapy (RT). DNA damage levels are a function of radiation dose, whereas the type of damage and biological effects such as DNA damage complexity, depend on radiation quality that is linear energy transfer (LET). Both levels and types of DNA damage determine cell fate, which can include necrosis, apoptosis, senescence or autophagy. Herein, we present an overview of current RT modalities in the light of DNA damage and repair with emphasis on medium to high-LET radiation. Proton radiation is discussed along with its new adaptation of FLASH RT. RT based on α-particles includes brachytherapy and nuclear-RT, that is proton-boron capture therapy (PBCT) and boron-neutron capture therapy (BNCT). We also discuss carbon ion therapy along with combinatorial immune-based therapies and high-LET RT. For each RT modality, we summarise relevant DNA damage studies. Finally, we provide an update of the role of DNA repair in high-LET RT and we explore the biological responses triggered by differential LET and dose.
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12
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El Bakary NM, Alsharkawy AZ, Shouaib ZA, Barakat EMS. Immune Stimulating Outcome of Chrysin and γ-Irradiation via Apoptotic Activation Against Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma Bearing Mice. Integr Cancer Ther 2022; 21:15347354221096668. [PMID: 35543434 PMCID: PMC9102206 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221096668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising interest in innovative methods of cancer immunotherapy has prompted research into the immunomodulatory mechanisms of natural and synthetic substances. The goal of this study was to assess chrysin immune-stimulating and pro-apoptotic effects on tumor growth and cell susceptibility to ionizing radiation in order to improve cancer therapy. Chrysin (20 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected to mice bearing 1 cm3 solid tumor of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) for 21 consecutive days. Mice were whole body exposed to 1 Gy of gamma radiation (2 fractionated dose 0.5 Gy each). Treatment with chrysin dramatically reduces tumor proliferation in EAC mice; furthermore, IFN-γ activity is significantly reduced when compared to EAC mice. When compared to EAC mice, the expression of TNF-α, free radicals, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were considerably reduced, along with improvements in apoptotic regulators (caspase-3 activity). Moreover, the histopathological investigation confirms the improvement exerted by chrysin even in the EAC mice group or the EAC + R group. What is more, exposure to gamma radiation sustained the modulatory effect of chrysin on tumor when compared with EAC + Ch mice. Hence, chrysin might represent a potential therapeutic strategy for increasing the radiation response of solid tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen M El Bakary
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Dowlath MJH, Karuppannan SK, Sinha P, Dowlath NS, Arunachalam KD, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Nguyen-Tri P, Nguyen DD. Effects of radiation and role of plants in radioprotection: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146431. [PMID: 34030282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Radiation can be lethal at high doses, whereas controlled doses are useful in medical applications. Other applications include power generation, agriculture sterilization, nuclear weapons, and archeology. Radiation damages genetic material, which is reflected in genotoxicity and can cause hereditary damage. In the medical field, it is essential to avoid the harmful effects of radiation. Radiation countermeasures and the need for radioprotective agents have been explored in recent years. Considering plants that evolve in radiative conditions, their ability to protect organisms against radiation has been studied and demonstrated. Crude extracts, fractioned extracts, isolated phytocompounds, and plant polysaccharides from various plants have been used in radioprotection studies, and their efficiency has been proven in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models. It is important to identify the mechanism of action to develop a potent plant-based radioprotective agent. To identify this protective mechanism, it is necessary to understand the damage caused by radiation in biological systems. This review intends to discuss the effects of ionizing radiation on biological systems and evaluate plant-based radioprotectants that have tested thus far as well as their mechanism of action in protecting against the toxic effects of radiation. From the review, the mechanism of radioprotection exhibited by the plant-based products could be understood. Meanwhile, we strongly suggest that the potential products identified so far should undergo clinical trials for critically evaluating their effects and for developing an ideal and compatible radioprotectant with no side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Karuppannan
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pamela Sinha
- Project Management, Bioneeds India Pvt. Ltd, Peenya Industrial Area, Bengaluru 560058, India
| | - Nihala Sultana Dowlath
- Department of Biochemistry, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600008, India
| | - Kantha Deivi Arunachalam
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea.
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
| | - Phuong Nguyen-Tri
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Vietnam; Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea.
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14
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Liu YC, Chiang IT, Chung JG, Hsieh JH, Chiang CH, Weng MC, Hsu FT, Lee YH, Chang CS, Lin SS. Therapeutic Efficacy and Inhibitory Mechanism of Regorafenib Combined With Radiation in Colorectal Cancer. In Vivo 2021; 34:3217-3224. [PMID: 33144426 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although both chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) can sufficiently maintain tumor suppression of colorectal cancer (CRC), these treatments may trigger the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and compromise patients' survival. Regorafenib suppresses NF-κB activity in various tumor types. However, whether regorafenib may act as a suitable radiosensitizer to enhance therapeutic efficacy of RT remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we established a CRC-bearing animal model to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of regorafenib in combination with RT, through measurement of tumor growth, body weight, whole-body computed tomography (CT) scan and immunohisto-chemistry staining. RESULTS Smallest tumor size and weight were found in the combination treatment group. In addition, RT-induced up-regulation of NF-κB and downstream proteins were diminished by regorafenib. Moreover, the body weight and liver pathology in the treated group were similar to those of the non-treated control group. CONCLUSION Regorafenib may enhance the anti-CRC efficacy of RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - I-Tsang Chiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jung-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Urology, Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuan-Shan/Su-Ao Branch, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Hung Chiang
- Department of Urology, Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuan-Shan/Su-Ao Branch, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mao-Chi Weng
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Yuan-Hao Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, U.S.A.
| | - Cheng-Shyong Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Song-Shei Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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15
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Chen YS, Sun R, Chen WL, Yau YC, Hsu FT, Chung JG, Tsai CJ, Hsieh CL, Chiu YM, Chen JH. The In Vivo Radiosensitizing Effect of Magnolol on Tumor Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. In Vivo 2021; 34:1789-1796. [PMID: 32606148 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Radiation (RT) induced ERK/NF-κB in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been reported in our previous works; it weakens the toxicity of RT or triggers a radioresistance effect. Thus, combining RT with a suitable NF-κB inhibitor may sensitize HCC to RT. Magnolol, a bioactive compound, was known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor functions. Here, we aimed to investigate whether magnolol may enhance anti-HCC efficacy of RT in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a Hep3B bearing mouse to evaluate the efficacy of the combination treatment of magnolol and RT. RESULTS Most significantly, tumor volume and tumor weight inhibition was found in the combination group. Tumor immunohistochemistry staining also illustrated the suppression of RT-induced ERK/NF-κB-related proteins expression by magnolol. In addition, intrinsic apoptosis-related proteins, such as caspase-3 and -9, were markedly increased in the combination group. CONCLUSION Magnolol may effectively enhance anti-HCC ability of RT by downregulating the expression of ERK/NF-κB-related proteins and increasing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Rou Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Lung Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Chen Yau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Jung Tsai
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Ling Hsieh
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Ming Chiu
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Paramanantham A, Jung EJ, Go SIL, Jeong BK, Jung JM, Hong SC, Kim GS, Lee WS. Activated ERK Signaling Is One of the Major Hub Signals Related to the Acquisition of Radiotherapy-Resistant MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094940. [PMID: 34066541 PMCID: PMC8124562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the major causes of deaths due to cancer, especially in women. The crucial barrier for breast cancer treatment is resistance to radiation therapy, one of the important local regional therapies. We previously established and characterized radio-resistant MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells) that harbor a high expression of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the EMT phenotype. In this study, we performed antibody array analysis to identify the hub signaling mechanism for the radiation resistance of RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells by comparing parental MDA-MB-231 (p-MDA-MB-231) and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells. Antibody array analysis unveiled that the MAPK1 protein was the most upregulated protein in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to in p-MDA-MB-231 cells. The pathway enrichment analysis also revealed the presence of MAPK1 in almost all enriched pathways. Thus, we used an MEK/ERK inhibitor, PD98059, to block the MEK/ERK pathway and to identify the role of MAPK1 in the radio-resistance of RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells. MEK/ERK inhibition induced cell death in both p-MDA-MB-231 and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells, but the death mechanism for each cell was different; p-MDA-MB-231 cells underwent apoptosis, showing cell shrinkage and PARP-1 cleavage, while RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells underwent necroptosis, showing mitochondrial dissipation, nuclear swelling, and an increase in the expressions of CypA and AIF. In addition, MEK/ERK inhibition reversed the radio-resistance of RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells and suppressed the increased expression of CSC markers (CD44 and OCT3/4) and the EMT phenotype (β-catenin and N-cadherin/E-cadherin). Taken together, this study suggests that activated ERK signaling is one of the major hub signals related to the radio-resistance of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjugam Paramanantham
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea; (A.P.); (E.J.J.); (S.-I.G.)
- School of Veterinary and Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Jung
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea; (A.P.); (E.J.J.); (S.-I.G.)
| | - Se-IL Go
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea; (A.P.); (E.J.J.); (S.-I.G.)
| | - Bae Kwon Jeong
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Jin-Myung Jung
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Soon Chan Hong
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- School of Veterinary and Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.S.K.); (W.S.L.); Tel.: +82-55-772-2356 (G.S.K.); +82-55-750-8733 (W.S.L.); Fax: +82-55-758-9122 (W.S.L.)
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea; (A.P.); (E.J.J.); (S.-I.G.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.K.); (W.S.L.); Tel.: +82-55-772-2356 (G.S.K.); +82-55-750-8733 (W.S.L.); Fax: +82-55-758-9122 (W.S.L.)
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17
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Procaspase-Activating Compound-1 Synergizes with TRAIL to Induce Apoptosis in Established Granulosa Cell Tumor Cell Line (KGN) and Explanted Patient Granulosa Cell Tumor Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094699. [PMID: 33946730 PMCID: PMC8124867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulosa cell tumors (GCT) constitute only ~5% of ovarian neoplasms yet have significant consequences, as up to 80% of women with recurrent GCT will die of the disease. This study investigated the effectiveness of procaspase-activating compound 1 (PAC-1), an activator of procaspase-3, in treating adult GCT (AGCT) in combination with selected apoptosis-inducing agents. Sensitivity of the AGCT cell line KGN to these drugs, alone or in combination with PAC-1, was tested using a viability assay. Our results show a wide range in cytotoxic activity among the agents tested. Synergy with PAC-1 was most pronounced, both empirically and by mathematical modelling, when combined with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). This combination showed rapid kinetics of apoptosis induction as determined by caspase-3 activity, and strongly synergistic killing of both KGN as well as patient samples of primary and recurrent AGCT. We have demonstrated that the novel combination of two pro-apoptotic agents, TRAIL and PAC-1, significantly amplified the induction of apoptosis in AGCT cells, warranting further investigation of this combination as a potential therapy for AGCT.
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18
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Beroske L, Van den Wyngaert T, Stroobants S, Van der Veken P, Elvas F. Molecular Imaging of Apoptosis: The Case of Caspase-3 Radiotracers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083948. [PMID: 33920463 PMCID: PMC8069194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular imaging of apoptosis remains an important method for the diagnosis and monitoring of the progression of certain diseases and the evaluation of the efficacy of anticancer apoptosis-inducing therapies. Among the multiple biomarkers involved in apoptosis, activated caspase-3 is an attractive target, as it is the most abundant of the executioner caspases. Nuclear imaging is a good candidate, as it combines a high depth of tissue penetration and high sensitivity, features necessary to detect small changes in levels of apoptosis. However, designing a caspase-3 radiotracer comes with challenges, such as selectivity, cell permeability and transient caspase-3 activation. In this review, we discuss the different caspase-3 radiotracers for the imaging of apoptosis together with the challenges of the translation of various apoptosis-imaging strategies in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Beroske
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (T.V.d.W.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Tim Van den Wyngaert
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (T.V.d.W.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (T.V.d.W.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.B.); (T.V.d.W.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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19
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Ojima T, Kawami M, Yumoto R, Takano M. Differential mechanisms underlying methotrexate-induced cell death and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells. Toxicol Res 2020; 37:293-300. [PMID: 34295794 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a biological process through which epithelial cells transdifferentiate into mesenchymal cells, is involved in several pathological events, such as cancer progression and organ fibrosis. So far, we have found that methotrexate (MTX), an anticancer drug, induced EMT in the human A549 alveolar adenocarcinoma cell line. However, the relationship between EMT and the cytotoxicity induced by MTX remains unclear. In this study, we compared the processes of MTX-induced EMT and apoptosis in A549 cells. Q-VD-Oph, a caspase inhibitor, suppressed MTX-induced apoptosis, but not the increase in mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), a representative EMT marker. In addition, SB431542, an EMT inhibitor, did not inhibit MTX-induced apoptosis. By using isolated clonal cells from wild-type A549 cells, the induction of EMT and apoptosis by MTX in each clone was analyzed, and no significant correlation was observed between the MTX-induced increase in α-SMA mRNA expression and the proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis. Furthermore, the increase in the mRNA expression of α-SMA was well correlated with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, a cell cycle arrest marker, but not with BCL-2 binding component 3 and Fas cell surface death receptor, which are both pro-apoptotic factors, indicating that the MTX-induced EMT may be related to cell cycle arrest, but not to apoptosis. These findings suggested that different mechanisms were involved in the MTX-induced EMT and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamichi Ojima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
| | - Masashi Kawami
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
| | - Ryoko Yumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
| | - Mikihisa Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
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20
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Fleming JC, Woo J, Moutasim K, Hanley CJ, Frampton SJ, Wood O, Ward M, Woelk CH, Ottensmeier CH, Hafizi S, Kim D, Thomas GJ. CTEN Induces Tumour Cell Invasion and Survival and Is Prognostic in Radiotherapy-Treated Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2963. [PMID: 33066224 PMCID: PMC7602105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogenous disease treated with surgery and/or (chemo) radiotherapy, but up to 50% of patients with late-stage disease develop locoregional recurrence. Determining the mechanisms underpinning treatment resistance could identify new therapeutic targets and aid treatment selection. C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN) is a member of the tensin family, upregulated in several cancers, although its expression and function in HNSCC are unknown. We found that CTEN is commonly upregulated in HNSCC, particularly HPV-ve tumours. In vitro CTEN was upregulated in HPV-ve (n = 5) and HPV+ve (n = 2) HNSCC cell lines. Stable shRNA knockdown of CTEN in vivo significantly reduced tumour growth (SCC-25), and functional analyses in vitro showed that CTEN promoted tumour cell invasion, colony formation and growth in 3D-culture (SCC-25, Detroit 562). RNA sequencing of SCC-25 cells following CTEN siRNA knockdown identified 349 differentially expressed genes (logFC > 1, p < 0.05). Gene ontology analysis highlighted terms relating to cell locomotion and apoptosis, consistent with in vitro findings. A membrane-based antibody array confirmed that CTEN regulated multiple apoptosis-associated proteins, including HSP60 and cleaved caspase-3. Notably, in a mixed cohort of HPV+ve and HPV-ve HNSCC patients (n = 259), we found a significant, independent negative association of CTEN with prognosis, limited to those patients treated with (chemo)radiotherapy, not surgery, irrespective of human papillomavirus (HPV) status. These data show that CTEN is commonly upregulated in HNSCC and exerts several functional effects. Its potential role in modulating apoptotic response to therapy suggests utility as a predictive biomarker or radio-sensitising target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Fleming
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
- Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9GA, UK
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
| | - Jeongmin Woo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (J.W.); (C.H.W.)
| | - Karwan Moutasim
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Christopher J. Hanley
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Steven J. Frampton
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Oliver Wood
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Matthew Ward
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Christopher H. Woelk
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (J.W.); (C.H.W.)
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
- Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9GA, UK
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool CH63 4JY, UK
| | - Sassan Hafizi
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK;
| | - Dae Kim
- St. George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Tooting, London SW17 0QT, UK;
| | - Gareth J. Thomas
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
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21
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Chen L, Lin G, Chen K, Wan F, Liang R, Sun Y, Chen X, Zhu X. VEGF knockdown enhances radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by inhibiting autophagy through the activation of mTOR pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16328. [PMID: 33004943 PMCID: PMC7531011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important pro-angiogenic factor. VEGF was reported to promote the occurrence of autophagy, which enhanced the radioresistance of tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of VEGF silencing on the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and the underlying mechanisms. The radiosensitivity of NPC cells after VEGF silencing was detected by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and clonogenic assay, while cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The processes of DNA damage, repair and autophagy were examined by immunofluorescence and western blotting. The interaction between VEGF and mTOR was confirmed by western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation studies. The effect of VEGF on radiosensitivity of NPC cells was investigated in vivo using a xenograft model. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assays were used to verify the relationship between autophagy and radiosensitivity in NPC after VEGF depletion. Downregulation of VEGF significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of NPC cells after radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. In addition, VEGF knockdown not only decreased autophagy level, but also delayed the DNA damage repair in NPC cells after irradiation. Mechanistically, silencing VEGF suppressed autophagy through activation of the mTOR pathway. VEGF depletion increased radiosensitivity of NPC cells by suppressing autophagy via activation of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Lin
- Department of Oncology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530010, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangzhu Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Renba Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchu Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xishan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oncology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530010, Guangxi, People's Republic of China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Ke Y, Wu C, Zeng Y, Chen M, Li Y, Xie C, Zhou Y, Zhong Y, Yu H. Radiosensitization of Clioquinol Combined with Zinc in the Nasopharyngeal Cancer Stem-like Cells by Inhibiting Autophagy in Vitro and in Vivo. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:777-789. [PMID: 32071548 PMCID: PMC7019136 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.40305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loco-regional recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after radiation therapy is one of the main types of treatment failure. This study is aimed to explore the possible causes of inside-field recurrence of NPC patients in order to develop effective treatment methods. Our study indicated that CD44 and autophagy proteins in tumor tissues of patients with recurrent NPC are higher than that of the relapse free patients. The in vitro experiments further confirmed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) were more radioresistant with enhanced autophagy activity. Treatment with clioquinol (CQ) combined with zinc could obviously enhance the radiosensitivity of CNE-2s cells through autophagy inhibition, activation of the caspase system and impairment of DNA damage repair. The in vivo experiments have further consolidated our findings. Our results suggest that CSCs and enhanced autophagy activity may be involved in the inside-field recurrence of NPC, and CQ combined with zinc could be an important therapeutic approach for recurrent NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ke
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China; Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyan Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Zeng
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China; Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengge Chen
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China; Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China; Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China; Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China; Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yahua Zhong
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China; Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haijun Yu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China; Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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23
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The potential effect of methylseleninic acid (MSA) against γ-irradiation induced testicular damage in rats: Impact on JAK/STAT pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 679:108205. [PMID: 31758927 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study suggested that methylseleninic acid (MSA) could respond to the inflammatory signaling associated with ionizing radiation-induced testicular damage. Mature male rats were divided into four groups: negative control, whole body γ-irradiated (IRR) (5 Gy), MSA (0.5 mg/kg, daily for nine consecutive days), and MSA+ IRR groups. MSA increased serum testosterone level and testicular glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as well as decreased the percentage of sperm abnormalities. Radiation prompted inflammatory signaling in the testes through increasing phospho-janus kinase1 (p-JAK1), phospho-signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) protein expressions. This induced increment in the inflammatory markers including nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) levels. Also, radiation induced elevation of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdhyde (MDA) levels with consequent reduction in testicular reduced glutathione level (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. MSA significantly counteracted the radiation effect on testicular nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and suppressor of cytokine signaling (Socs3) protein expressions. In summary, this investigation proposed that MSA preserved spermatogenesis through increasing testosterone levels and GPx activity. Additionally, it diminished testicular inflammation by increasing of Nrf2 and Socs3 levels leading to reducing of p-JAK1, p-STAT3 and NF-κB levels. Histopathological examination results of testicular tissues showed a coincidence with the biochemical analysis.
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24
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Systemic and local effects of radiotherapy: an experimental study on implants placed in rats. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:785-797. [PMID: 31154539 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the modulating effect of ionizing radiation, blood cytokine levels, and bone remodeling of the interface around the implant to understand the radiation mechanisms which can impair the implants receptor site. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty rats were submitted to grade V titanium implants in the femurs and were divided into the following groups: no-irradiation (N-Ir): control group with implant only; early-irradiation (E-Ir): implant + irradiation after 24 h; late-irradiation (L-Ir): implant + irradiation after 4 weeks; and previous-irradiation (P-Ir): irradiation + implant after 4 weeks. The animals in the E-Ir, L-Ir, and P-Ir groups were irradiated in two fractional stages of 15 Gy. At 3 days, 2 weeks, and 7 weeks after the final procedure, five animals were randomly euthanized per group. Serum levels of TNF-ɑ, IL-1β, TGF-β, IL-6, M-CSF, and IL-10 were measured from blood collected prior to euthanasia using the ELISA test. The pieces containing the implants were subjected to immunohistochemical labeling using the tartrate acid resistant to phosphatase, osteocalcin, and caspase-3 markers and mCT. The ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis, and the Tukey multiple comparison test (p < 0.05) was applied. RESULTS The results indicated that ionizing radiation modifies the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory serum cytokines, the expression of proteins involved in bone remodeling and cellular apoptosis, as well as changes in bone formation. CONCLUSIONS The results suggests that a longer period between radiotherapy and implant placement surgery when irradiation occurs prior to implant installation would allow the recovery and renewal of bone cells and avoid future failures in osseointegration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The search for modifications caused by ionizing irradiation in bone tissue can indicate the ideal period for implant placement without affecting the osseointegration process.
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25
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Biological Rationale for Targeting MEK/ERK Pathways in Anti-Cancer Therapy and to Potentiate Tumour Responses to Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102530. [PMID: 31126017 PMCID: PMC6567863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ERK1 and ERK2 (ERKs), two extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2), are evolutionary-conserved and ubiquitous serine-threonine kinases involved in regulating cell signalling in normal and pathological tissues. The expression levels of these kinases are almost always different, with ERK2 being the more prominent. ERK1/2 activation is fundamental for the development and progression of cancer. Since their discovery, much research has been dedicated to their role in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway signalling and in their activation by mitogens and mutated RAF or RAS in cancer cells. In order to gain a better understanding of the role of ERK1/2 in MAPK pathway signalling, many studies have been aimed at characterizing ERK1/2 splicing isoforms, mutants, substrates and partners. In this review, we highlight the differences between ERK1 and ERK2 without completely discarding the hypothesis that ERK1 and ERK2 exhibit functional redundancy. The main goal of this review is to shed light on the role of ERK1/2 in targeted therapy and radiotherapy and highlight the importance of identifying ERK inhibitors that may overcome acquired resistance. This is a highly relevant therapeutic issue that needs to be addressed to combat tumours that rely on constitutively active RAF and RAS mutants and the MAPK pathway.
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26
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Long L, Zhang X, Bai J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhou Y. Tissue-specific and exosomal miRNAs in lung cancer radiotherapy: from regulatory mechanisms to clinical implications. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:4413-4424. [PMID: 31191004 PMCID: PMC6525830 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s198966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most prevalent and deadly malignancy. Radiotherapy is a major treatment modality for lung cancer. Nevertheless, radioresistance poses a daunting challenge that largely limits the efficacy of radiotherapy. There is a pressing need for deciphering molecular mechanisms underlying radioresistance and elucidating novel therapeutic targets for individualized radiotherapy. MicroRNAs are categorized as small noncoding RNAs that modulate target-gene expression posttranscriptionally and are implicated in carcinogenesis and cancer resistance to treatment. Overwhelming evidence has unraveled that tissue-specific miRNAs are essential for regulation of the radiosensitivity in lung cancer cells through a complex interaction with multiple biological processes and radiation-induced pathways. Moreover, exosome-derived miRNAs are a novel horizon in lung cancer treatment in which exosomal miRNAs act as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of radiotherapy. In the present review, we discuss the mediation of key biological processes and signaling pathways by tissue-specific miRNAs in lung cancer radiotherapy. Additionally, we provide new insight into the potential significance of exosomal miRNAs in radiation response. Lastly, we highlight miRNAs as promising predictors and therapeutic targets to tailor personalized lung cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Long
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Bai
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhou Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Urology, Research Lab/LIFE-Zentrum, University of Munich (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
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27
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Epsilon-Globin HBE1 Enhances Radiotherapy Resistance by Down-Regulating BCL11A in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040498. [PMID: 30965648 PMCID: PMC6521047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to radiotherapy is considered an important obstacle in the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, the mechanisms that enable tumor cells to tolerate the effects of radiation remain unclear. Moreover, radiotherapy causes accumulated mutations in transcription factors, which can lead to changes in gene expression and radiosensitivity. This phenomenon reduces the effectiveness of radiation therapy towards cancer cells. In the present study, radiation-resistant (RR) cancer cells were established by sequential radiation exposure, and hemoglobin subunit epsilon 1 (HBE1) was identified as a candidate radiation resistance-associated protein based on RNA-sequencing analysis. Then, compared to radiosensitive (RS) cell lines, the overexpression of HBE1 in RR cell lines was used to measure various forms of radiation-induced cellular damage. Consequently, HBE1-overexpressing cell lines were found to exhibit decreased radiation-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell mortality. Conversely, HBE1 deficiency in RR cell lines increased intracellular ROS production, G2/M arrest, and apoptosis, and decreased clonogenic survival rate. These effects were reversed by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine. Moreover, HBE1 overexpression was found to attenuate radiation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis via an inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1)-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. In addition, increased HBE1 expression induced by γ-irradiation in RS cells attenuated expression of the transcriptional regulator BCL11A, whereas its depletion in RR cells increased BCL11A expression. Collectively, these observations indicate that the expression of HBE1 during radiotherapy might potentiate the survival of radiation-exposed colorectal cancer cells.
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28
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Peng Q, Lin K, Shen Y, Zhou P, Fan S, Shen Y, Zhu Y. Identification of potential genes and pathways for response prediction of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer by systemic biological analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:492-501. [PMID: 30655792 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by radical surgery is the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no effective biomarkers for predicting patients who may benefit from neoadjuvant treatment. The aim of the current study was to screen potential crucial genes and pathways associated with the response to CRT in rectal cancer, and provide valid biological information to assist further investigation of CRT optimization. In the current study, differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified from the tumor samples of responders and non-responders to neoadjuvant CRT in the GSE35452 gene expression profile. Seven hub genes and one significant module were identified from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Functional enrichment analysis of all the DE genes and the hub genes, retrieved from PPI network analysis, revealed their associations with CRT response. Genes were identified that may be used to discriminate patients who would or would not clinically benefit from neoadjuvant CRT. Several important pathways enriched by the DE genes, hub genes and selected module were identified, and revealed to be closely associated with radiation response, including excision repair, homologous recombination, Ras signaling pathway, the forkhead box O signaling pathway, focal adhesion and the Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that the identified gene signatures and pathways may be used as molecular biomarkers for predicting CRT response. Furthermore, combinations of these biomarkers may be helpful for optimizing CRT treatment and promoting understanding of the molecular basis of response differences; this needs to be confirmed by further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Peng
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Kaisu Lin
- Department of Oncology, Nantong Rich Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, P.R. China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Shaonan Fan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yaqun Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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29
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Hu L, Sun F, Sun Z, Ni X, Wang J, Wang J, Zhou M, Feng Y, Kong Z, Hua Q, Yu J. Apatinib enhances the radiosensitivity of the esophageal cancer cell line KYSE-150 by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle redistribution. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1609-1616. [PMID: 30675220 PMCID: PMC6341789 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the radiosensitizing effect of apatinib on esophageal cancer cells, and to preliminarily investigate the underlying mechanism, KYSE-150 cells were treated with apatinib, x-ray or apatinib combined with x-ray, and compared with a blank control. It was observed that apatinib significantly inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and the proliferation of KYSE-150 cells in a dose-dependent manner. As the concentration of apatinib increased, the radiobiological parameters inactivation dose (D0), quasi domain does (Dq) and survival fraction (SF2) of KYSE-150 cells decreased, while the sensitization enhancement ratio SERD0 increased. The rate of apoptosis in cells treated with apatinib and x-ray was markedly higher compared with those of the blank control, x-ray and apatinib alone groups (P<0.05). The proportion of cells in the G2/M phase was significantly increased in the apatinib, x-ray and combination groups compared with the blank control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control and x-ray groups, combination treatment did not significantly alter the expression level of polyADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), although it significantly increased the expression of cleaved-PARP (P<0.05). Moreover, the expression of cell serine/threonine-protein kinase-2 (CHK2) was downregulated (P<0.05), whilst expression of the phosphorylated form, pCHK2, was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the combination group when compared with the control and x-ray groups. In conclusion, the present study suggested that apatinib increases the radiosensitivity of KYSE-150 esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting VEGF secretion and cell proliferation, and promoting apoptosis and cell cycle redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xinchu Ni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Mengyun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Ze Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Qiu Hua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jingping Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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30
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Baena-Lopez LA, Arthurton L, Xu DC, Galasso A. Non-apoptotic Caspase regulation of stem cell properties. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 82:118-126. [PMID: 29102718 PMCID: PMC6191935 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved family of proteins called caspases are the main factors mediating the orchestrated programme of cell suicide known as apoptosis. Since this protein family was associated with this essential biological function, the majority of scientific efforts were focused towards understanding their molecular activation and function during cell death. However, an emerging body of evidence has highlighted a repertoire of non-lethal roles within a large variety of cell types, including stem cells. Here we intend to provide a comprehensive overview of the key role of caspases as regulators of stem cell properties. Finally, we briefly discuss the possible pathological consequences of caspase malfunction in stem cells, and the therapeutic potential of caspase regulation applied to this context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lewis Arthurton
- University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, OX13RE, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Cui Xu
- University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, OX13RE, United Kingdom
| | - Alessia Galasso
- University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, OX13RE, United Kingdom
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31
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Appraisal of mechanisms of radioprotection and therapeutic approaches of radiation countermeasures. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:610-617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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32
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He Y, Jing Y, Wei F, Tang Y, Yang L, Luo J, Yang P, Ni Q, Pang J, Liao Q, Xiong F, Guo C, Xiang B, Li X, Zhou M, Li Y, Xiong W, Zeng Z, Li G. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 predicts poor prognosis and induces radioresistance by regulating DNA repair and cell apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:235. [PMID: 29445147 PMCID: PMC5833381 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA, plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1), is highly expressed in a variety of tumors, and is believed to be a potential oncogene. However, the role and mechanism of action of PVT1 in the carcinogenesis and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) remains unclear. In this study, for the first time, we have discovered that PVT1 shows higher expression in NPCs than in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue, and patients with NPCs who show higher expression of PVT1 have worse progression-free and overall survivals. Additionally, we observed that the proliferation of NPC cells decreased, and their rate of apoptosis increased; these results indicated that the knockdown of PVT1 expression in the NPC cells induced radiosensitivity. Further, we have shown that the knockdown of PVT1 expression can induce apoptosis in the NPC cells by influencing the DNA damage repair pathway after radiotherapy. In general, our study shows that PVT1 may be a novel biomarker for prognosis and a new target for the treatment of NPCs. Additionally, targeting PVT1 may be a potential strategy for the clinical management of NPC and for the improvement of the curative effect of radiation in NPCs.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Caspases/genetics
- Caspases/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA Repair
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Databases, Genetic
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gamma Rays/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/diagnosis
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/genetics
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/mortality
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/therapy
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/genetics
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Radiation Tolerance/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yizhou Jing
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liting Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianxi Ni
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinmeng Pang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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33
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Morisada M, Moore EC, Hodge R, Friedman J, Cash HA, Hodge JW, Mitchell JB, Allen CT. Dose-dependent enhancement of T-lymphocyte priming and CTL lysis following ionizing radiation in an engineered model of oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2017; 71:87-94. [PMID: 28688697 PMCID: PMC5528171 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine if direct tumor cell cytotoxicity, antigen release, and susceptibility to T-lymphocyte killing following radiation treatment is dose-dependent. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse oral cancer cells were engineered to express full-length ovalbumin as a model antigen. Tumor antigen release with uptake and cross presentation of antigen by antigen presenting cells with subsequent priming and expansion of antigen-specific T-lymphocytes following radiation was modeled in vitro and in vivo. T-lymphocyte mediated killing was measured following radiation treatment using a novel impedance-based cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS Radiation treatment induced dose-dependent induction of executioner caspase activity and apoptosis in MOC1 cells. In vitro modeling of antigen release and T-lymphocyte priming demonstrated enhanced proliferation of OT-1 T-lymphocytes with 8Gy treatment of MOC1ova cells compared to 2Gy. This was validated in vivo following treatment of established MOC1ova tumors and adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T-lymphocytes. Using a novel impedance-based cytotoxicity assay, 8Gy enhanced tumor cell susceptibility to T-lymphocyte killing to a greater degree than 2Gy. CONCLUSION In the context of using clinically-relevant doses of radiation treatment as an adjuvant for immunotherapy, 8Gy is superior to 2Gy for induction of antigen-specific immune responses and enhancing tumor cell susceptibility to T-lymphocyte killing. These findings have significant implications for the design of trials combining radiation and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Morisada
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ellen C Moore
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rachel Hodge
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jay Friedman
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Harrison A Cash
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James B Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clint T Allen
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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34
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Phosphatidylethanolamine targeting for cell death imaging in early treatment response evaluation and disease diagnosis. Apoptosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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