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Wu T, Chen Y, Yang C, Lu M, Geng F, Guo J, Pi Y, Ling Y, Xu J, Cai T, Lu L, Zhou Y. Systematical Evaluation of the Structure-Cardiotoxicity Relationship of 7-Azaindazole-based PI3K Inhibitors Designed by Bioisosteric Approach. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2023; 23:364-376. [PMID: 37787964 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
A growing concern of cardiotoxicity induced by PI3K inhibitors has raised the requirements to evaluate the structure-cardiotoxicity relationship (SCR) in the development process of novel inhibitors. Based on three bioisosteric 7-azaindazole-based candidate inhibitors namely FD269, FD268 and FD274 that give same order of inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) magnitude against PI3Ks, in this work, we proposed to systematically evaluate the SCR of 7-azaindazole-based PI3K inhibitors designed by bioisosteric approach. The 24-h lethal concentrations 50% (LC50) of FD269, FD268 and FD274 against zebrafish embryos were 0.35, 4.82 and above 50 μM (not detected), respectively. Determination of the heart rate, pericardial and yolk-sac areas and vascular malformation confirmed the remarkable reduction in the cardiotoxicity of from FD269 to FD268 and to FD274. The IC50s of all three compounds against the hERG channel were tested on the CHO cell line that constitutively expressing hERG channel, which were all higher than 20 μM. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that FD269 and FD268 induced the up-regulation of noxo1b, which encodes a subunit of an NADPH oxidase evoking the oxidative stress. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry tests confirmed the structure-dependent attenuation of the overproduction of ROS and cardiac apoptosis. Our results verified the feasibility of bioisosteric replacement to attenuate the cardiotoxicity of 7-azaindazole-based PI3K inhibitors, suggesting that the screening for PI3K inhibitors with both high potency and low cardiotoxicity from bioisosteres would be a beneficial trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chengbin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mingzhu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fang Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yan Pi
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jun Xu
- ABA Chemicals Co., Ltd, Taicang, 215400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Cai
- ABA Chemicals Co., Ltd, Taicang, 215400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yaming Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Wang Y, Ren Y, Ning X, Li G, Sang N. Environmental exposure to triazole fungicide causes left-right asymmetry defects and contributes to abnormal heart development in zebrafish embryos by activating PPARγ-coupled Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160286. [PMID: 36403845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Triazole fungicides have been widely used all over the world. However, their potential ecological safety and health risks remain unclear, especially their cardiac developmental toxicity. This study systematically investigated whether and how triazole fungicides could activate peroxisome proliferative activity receptor γ (PPARγ) to cause abnormal heart development. Among ten triazole fungicides, difenoconazole (DIF) exhibited the strongest agonistic activity and caused severe pericardial edema in zebrafish embryos, accompanied by a reduction in heart rate, blood flow and cardiac function. In vitro transcriptomic profile implicated that DIF inhibited the Wnt signaling pathway, and in vivo DIF exposure significantly increased the phosphorylation of β-catenin (p = 0.0002) and altered the expression of related genes in zebrafish embryos. Importantly, exposure to DIF could activate PPARγ and inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which changed the size of Kupffer's vesicle (KV) (p = 0.02), altered the expression of left-right (LR) asymmetry-related genes, caused cardiac LR asymmetry defect, and eventually led to abnormal heart development. These findings provide evidence for potential developmental toxicity of triazole fungicides and highlight the necessity of assessing their ecological safety and human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Ying Ren
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Xia Ning
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
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3
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Harel T, Griffin JN, Arbogast T, Monroe TO, Palombo F, Martinelli M, Seri M, Pippucci T, Elpeleg O, Katsanis N. Loss of function mutations in CCDC32 cause a congenital syndrome characterized by craniofacial, cardiac and neurodevelopmental anomalies. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1489-1497. [PMID: 32307552 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide use of genomics to investigate the molecular basis of rare congenital malformations, a significant fraction of patients remains bereft of diagnosis. As part of our continuous effort to recruit and perform genomic and functional studies on such cohorts, we investigated the genetic and mechanistic cause of disease in two independent consanguineous families affected by overlapping craniofacial, cardiac, laterality and neurodevelopmental anomalies. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified homozygous frameshift CCDC32 variants in three affected individuals. Functional analysis in a zebrafish model revealed that ccdc32 depletion recapitulates the human phenotypes. Because some of the patient phenotypes overlap defects common to ciliopathies, we asked if loss of CCDC32 might contribute to the dysfunction of this organelle. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show that ccdc32 is required for normal cilia formation in zebrafish embryos and mammalian cell culture, arguing that ciliary defects are at least partially involved in the pathomechanism of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Harel
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - John N Griffin
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Thomas Arbogast
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Tanner O Monroe
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine (ACT-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Flavia Palombo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcella Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Marco Seri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy.,U.O. Genetica Medica, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pippucci
- U.O. Genetica Medica, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine (ACT-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Abstract
Cardiac development is a complex developmental process that is initiated soon after gastrulation, as two sets of precardiac mesodermal precursors are symmetrically located and subsequently fused at the embryonic midline forming the cardiac straight tube. Thereafter, the cardiac straight tube invariably bends to the right, configuring the first sign of morphological left–right asymmetry and soon thereafter the atrial and ventricular chambers are formed, expanded and progressively septated. As a consequence of all these morphogenetic processes, the fetal heart acquired a four-chambered structure having distinct inlet and outlet connections and a specialized conduction system capable of directing the electrical impulse within the fully formed heart. Over the last decades, our understanding of the morphogenetic, cellular, and molecular pathways involved in cardiac development has exponentially grown. Multiples aspects of the initial discoveries during heart formation has served as guiding tools to understand the etiology of cardiac congenital anomalies and adult cardiac pathology, as well as to enlighten novels approaches to heal the damaged heart. In this review we provide an overview of the complex cellular and molecular pathways driving heart morphogenesis and how those discoveries have provided new roads into the genetic, clinical and therapeutic management of the diseased hearts.
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Lin CY, Lu MYJ, Yue JX, Li KL, Le Pétillon Y, Yong LW, Chen YH, Tsai FY, Lyu YF, Chen CY, Hwang SPL, Su YH, Yu JK. Molecular asymmetry in the cephalochordate embryo revealed by single-blastomere transcriptome profiling. PLoS Genet 2021; 16:e1009294. [PMID: 33382716 PMCID: PMC7806126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in various animals have shown that asymmetrically localized maternal transcripts play important roles in axial patterning and cell fate specification in early embryos. However, comprehensive analyses of the maternal transcriptomes with spatial information are scarce and limited to a handful of model organisms. In cephalochordates (amphioxus), an early branching chordate group, maternal transcripts of germline determinants form a compact granule that is inherited by a single blastomere during cleavage stages. Further blastomere separation experiments suggest that other transcripts associated with the granule are likely responsible for organizing the posterior structure in amphioxus; however, the identities of these determinants remain unknown. In this study, we used high-throughput RNA sequencing of separated blastomeres to examine asymmetrically localized transcripts in two-cell and eight-cell stage embryos of the amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae. We identified 111 and 391 differentially enriched transcripts at the 2-cell stage and the 8-cell stage, respectively, and used in situ hybridization to validate the spatial distribution patterns for a subset of these transcripts. The identified transcripts could be categorized into two major groups: (1) vegetal tier/germ granule-enriched and (2) animal tier/anterior-enriched transcripts. Using zebrafish as a surrogate model system, we showed that overexpression of one animal tier/anterior-localized amphioxus transcript, zfp665, causes a dorsalization/anteriorization phenotype in zebrafish embryos by downregulating the expression of the ventral gene, eve1, suggesting a potential function of zfp665 in early axial patterning. Our results provide a global transcriptomic blueprint for early-stage amphioxus embryos. This dataset represents a rich platform to guide future characterization of molecular players in early amphioxus development and to elucidate conservation and divergence of developmental programs during chordate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Yi Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yeh Jade Lu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Xing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun-Lung Li
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yann Le Pétillon
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Luok Wen Yong
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Yu Tsai
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Lyu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ping L. Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Su
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-HS); (J-KY)
| | - Jr-Kai Yu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-HS); (J-KY)
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Kumar S, Behera A, Saha P, Kumar Srivastava A. The role of Krüppel-like factor 8 in cancer biology: Current research and its clinical relevance. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114351. [PMID: 33253644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, ranked second after heart disease. Despite recent advancements in diagnosis and treatment, there are still numerous problems associated with cancer progression, disease recurrence, and therapeutic resistance that are partially explored. Several studies have recently revealed that Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) regulates transcription of genes linked with diverse biological processes, including proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, invasion, and inflammation. KLF8 is expressed ubiquitously in mammalian cells, and its aberrant expression has been manifested with several cancer types. Earlier studies demonstrated the crucial role of KLF8 in DNA repair and resistance to apoptosis in numerous cancer types. Hence, studying the function of KLF8 from the perspective of cancer progression and therapy resistance would help develop a new therapeutic avenue. In this review, we summarize the clinical relevance of KLF8 expression in various malignancies, focusing on recent updates in EMT, cellular signaling, and cancer stem cells. We also address the contribution of KLF8 in development, DNA repair, chemoresistance, and its clinical utility as a predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, AP, India.
| | - Abhijeet Behera
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, AP, India.
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India.
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7
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Petri ND. Evolutionary Diversity of the Mechanisms Providing the Establishment of Left-Right Asymmetry in Metazoans. Russ J Dev Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360420020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Naert T, Vleminckx K. CRISPR/Cas9 disease models in zebrafish and Xenopus: The genetic renaissance of fish and frogs. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2018; 28:41-52. [PMID: 30205880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The speed by which clinical genomics is currently identifying novel potentially pathogenic variants is outperforming the speed by which these can be functionally (genotype-phenotype) annotated in animal disease models. However, over the past few years the emergence of CRISPR/Cas9 as a straight-forward genome editing technology has revolutionized disease modeling in vertebrate non-mammalian model organisms such as zebrafish, medaka and Xenopus. It is now finally possible, by CRISPR/Cas9, to rapidly establish clinically relevant disease models in these organisms. Interestingly, these can provide both cost-effective genotype-phenotype correlations for gene-(variants) and genomic rearrangements obtained from clinical practice, as well as be exploited to perform translational research to improve prospects of disease afflicted patients. In this review, we show an extensive overview of these new CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disease models and provide future prospects that will allow increasingly accurate modeling of human disease in zebrafish, medaka and Xenopus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Naert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Vleminckx
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Belgium; Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium.
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Molinari E, Ramsbottom SA, Sammut V, Hughes FEP, Sayer JA. Using zebrafish to study the function of nephronophthisis and related ciliopathy genes. F1000Res 2018; 7:1133. [PMID: 30254740 PMCID: PMC6127739 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15511.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are a valuable vertebrate model in which to study development and characterize genes involved in cystic kidney disease. Zebrafish embryos and larvae are transparent, allowing non-invasive imaging during their rapid development, which takes place over the first 72 hours post fertilisation. Gene-specific knockdown of nephronophthisis-associated genes leads to ciliary phenotypes which can be assessed in various developmental structures. Here we describe in detail the methods used for imaging cilia within Kupffer's vesicle to assess nephronophthisis and related ciliopathy phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Molinari
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Simon A. Ramsbottom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Veronica Sammut
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Frances E. P. Hughes
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - John A. Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Renal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
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10
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Molinari E, Ramsbottom SA, Sammut V, Hughes FEP, Sayer JA. Using zebrafish to study the function of nephronophthisis and related ciliopathy genes. F1000Res 2018; 7:1133. [PMID: 30254740 PMCID: PMC6127739 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15511.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are a valuable vertebrate model in which to study development and characterize genes involved in cystic kidney disease. Zebrafish embryos and larvae are transparent, allowing non-invasive imaging during their rapid development, which takes place over the first 72 hours post fertilisation. Gene-specific knockdown of nephronophthisis-associated genes leads to ciliary phenotypes which can be assessed in various developmental structures. Here we describe in detail the methods used for imaging cilia within Kupffer's vesicle to assess nephronophthisis and related ciliopathy phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Molinari
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Simon A. Ramsbottom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Veronica Sammut
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Frances E. P. Hughes
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - John A. Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Renal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
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