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Zinnecker T, Reichl U, Genzel Y. Innovations in cell culture-based influenza vaccine manufacturing - from static cultures to high cell density cultivations. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2373521. [PMID: 39007904 PMCID: PMC11253887 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2373521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza remains a serious global health concern, causing significant morbidity and mortality each year. Vaccination is crucial to mitigate its impact, but requires rapid and efficient manufacturing strategies to handle timing and supply. Traditionally relying on egg-based production, the field has witnessed a paradigm shift toward cell culture-based methods offering enhanced flexibility, scalability, and process safety. This review provides a concise overview of available cell substrates and technological advancements. We summarize crucial steps toward process intensification - from roller bottle production to dynamic cultures on carriers and from suspension cultures in batch mode to high cell density perfusion using various cell retention devices. Moreover, we compare single-use and conventional systems and address challenges including defective interfering particles. Taken together, we describe the current state-of-the-art in cell culture-based influenza virus production to sustainably meet vaccine demands, guarantee a timely supply, and keep up with the challenges of seasonal epidemics and global pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilia Zinnecker
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
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2
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Moirangthem R, Cordela S, Khateeb D, Shor B, Kosik I, Schneidman-Duhovny D, Mandelboim M, Jönsson F, Yewdell JW, Bruel T, Bar-On Y. Dual neutralization of influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase by a bispecific antibody leads to improved antiviral activity. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00478-7. [PMID: 39086132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting multiple viral proteins is pivotal for sustained suppression of highly mutable viruses. In recent years, broadly neutralizing antibodies that target the influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase glycoproteins have been developed, and antibody monotherapy has been tested in preclinical and clinical studies to treat or prevent influenza virus infection. However, the impact of dual neutralization of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase on the course of infection, as well as its therapeutic potential, has not been thoroughly tested. For this purpose, we generated a bispecific antibody that neutralizes both the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase of influenza viruses. We demonstrated that this bispecific antibody has a dual-antiviral activity as it blocks infection and prevents the release of progeny viruses from the infected cells. We show that dual neutralization of the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase by a bispecific antibody is advantageous over monoclonal antibody combination as it resulted an improved neutralization capacity and augmented the antibody effector functions. Notably, the bispecific antibody showed enhanced antiviral activity in influenza virus-infected mice, reduced mice mortality, and limited the virus mutation profile upon antibody administration. Thus, dual neutralization of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase could be effective in controlling influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romila Moirangthem
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Sapir Cordela
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Dina Khateeb
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Ben Shor
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
| | - Ivan Kosik
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dina Schneidman-Duhovny
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology; Inserm UMR1222, Paris 75015, France; CNRS, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité; CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Yotam Bar-On
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel.
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Zhang J, Nian X, Li X, Huang S, Duan K, Li X, Yang X. The Epidemiology of Influenza and the Associated Vaccines Development in China: A Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1873. [PMID: 36366381 PMCID: PMC9692979 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza prevention and control has been one of the biggest challenges encountered in the public health domain. The vaccination against influenza plays a pivotal role in the prevention of influenza, particularly for the elderly and small children. According to the epidemiology of influenza in China, the nation is under a heavy burden of this disease. Therefore, as a contribution to the prevention and control of influenza in China through the provision of relevant information, the present report discusses the production and batch issuance of the influenza vaccine, analysis of the vaccination status and vaccination rate of the influenza vaccine, and the development trend of the influenza vaccine in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayou Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xuanxuan Nian
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xuedan Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shihe Huang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Kai Duan
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xinguo Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
- China National Biotech Group Company Ltd., Beijing 100029, China
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4
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Gao F, Liu X, Dang Y, Duan P, Xu W, Zhang X, Wang S, Luo J, Li X. AddaVax-Adjuvanted H5N8 Inactivated Vaccine Induces Robust Humoral Immune Response against Different Clades of H5 Viruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101683. [PMID: 36298548 PMCID: PMC9612011 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Since some cases of human infections with H5N8 avian influenza virus have been reported and caused great concern in recent years, it is important to develop an effective vaccine for human use to prevent a potential H5N8 pandemic. In the present study, a vaccine candidate virus based on newly human-infected A/Astrakhan/3212/2020 H5N8 virus was constructed by reverse genetics (RG) technology. The immunogenicity of H5N8 whole virion inactivated vaccine was evaluated by various doses of vaccine antigen formulated with squalene-based adjuvant (AddaVax), aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) or without adjuvant in mice. The results showed AddaVax-adjuvanted H5N8 inactivated vaccine could stimulate the mice to produce a stronger protective immune response with higher titers of IgG antibodies, hemagglutination inhibition (HI), neuraminidase inhibition (NI) and microneutralization (MN) antibodies than vaccine formulations with Al(OH)3 adjuvant or without adjuvant, and achieve a dose-sparing effect. Moreover, the AddaVax-adjuvanted formulation also exhibited potent cross-reactive response in HI antibodies against different clades of H5 viruses. A significant correlation and a curve fitting among HI, NI and MN were found by the correlation analysis to predict the protective effect of the vaccine. With these findings, our study demonstrates that AddaVax adjuvant can enhance the immunogenicity of H5N8 inactivated vaccine remarkably, and proposes an effective strategy for dealing with a potential H5N8 virus pandemic.
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Chia MY, Lin CY, Chen PL, Lai CC, Weng TC, Sung WC, Hu AYC, Lee MS. Characterization and Immunogenicity of Influenza H7N9 Vaccine Antigens Produced Using a Serum-Free Suspension MDCK Cell-Based Platform. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091937. [PMID: 36146744 PMCID: PMC9502495 DOI: 10.3390/v14091937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections with avian-origin H7N9 influenza A viruses were first reported in China, and an approximately 38% human mortality rate was described across six waves from February 2013 to September 2018. Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective ways to reduce morbidity and mortality during influenza epidemics and pandemics. Egg-based platforms for the production of influenza vaccines are labor-intensive and unable to meet the surging demand during pandemics. Therefore, cell culture-based technology is becoming the alternative strategy for producing influenza vaccines. The current influenza H7N9 vaccine virus (NIBRG-268), a reassortant virus from A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) and egg-adapted A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) viruses, could grow efficiently in embryonated eggs but not mammalian cells. Moreover, a freezing-dry formulation of influenza H7N9 vaccines with long-term stability will be desirable for pandemic preparedness, as the occurrence of influenza H7N9 pandemics is not predictable. In this study, we adapted a serum-free anchorage-independent suspension Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line for producing influenza H7N9 vaccines and compared the biochemical characteristics and immunogenicity of three influenza H7N9 vaccine antigens produced using the suspension MDCK cell-based platform without freeze-drying (S-WO-H7N9), the suspension MDCK cell-based platform with freeze-drying (S-W-H7N9) or the egg-based platform with freeze-drying (E-W-H7N9). We demonstrated these three vaccine antigens have comparable biochemical characteristics. In addition, these three vaccine antigens induced robust and comparable neutralizing antibody (NT; geometric mean between 1016 and 4064) and hemagglutinin-inhibition antibody (HI; geometric mean between 640 and 1613) titers in mice. In conclusion, the serum-free suspension MDCK cell-derived freeze-dried influenza H7N9 vaccine is highly immunogenic in mice, and clinical development is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yuan Chia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yang Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ling Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Lai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chuan Weng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Chou Sung
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Alan Yung-Chih Hu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shi Lee
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-(37)-246-166 (ext. 35520); Fax: +886-(37)-583-009
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Wang J, Yu X, Zhao S, Zhang N, Lin Z, Wang Z, Ma J, Yan Y, Sun J, Cheng Y. Construction of a peacock immortalized fibroblast cell line for avian virus production. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102147. [PMID: 36191515 PMCID: PMC9529503 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian-derived MDCK cells are the most widely used for avian virus vaccine production at present. The use of heterologous cell systems for avian virus preparation may cause security risks. An avian cell line is available for avian virus vaccines urgently needed. In this study, a peacock immortalized fibroblast cell line that is suitable for avian virus vaccine production was generated. The primary peacock fibroblast cells were prepared, and the immortal cells PEF-1 were obtained by transferring hTERT into the primary cells and screening with G418. The PEF-1 has high cell viability and expresses exogenous TERT protein. More importantly, the virus replication ability was stronger in PEF-1 than in MDCK cells as evaluated by virus fluorescence and TCID50, after being infected with NDV-GFP, VSV-GFP, and AIV. In conclusion, the peacock immortalized PEF cells are expected to be used for the production of peacock and other avian virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Xiangyu Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Shurui Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Nian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Yaxian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Jianhe Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201109, China.
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Current Opinion in LAIV: A Matter of Parent Virus Choice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126815. [PMID: 35743258 PMCID: PMC9224562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is still a frequent seasonal infection of the upper respiratory tract, which may have deadly consequences, especially for the elderly. This is in spite of the availability of vaccines suggested for persons above 65 years of age. Two types of conventional influenza vaccines are currently licensed for use-live attenuated and inactivated vaccines. Depending on local regulatory requirements, live attenuated vaccines are produced by the reverse genetics technique or by classical reassortment in embryonated chicken eggs. Sometimes, the efficiency of classical reassortment is complicated by certain properties of the wild-type parent virus. Cases of low efficacy of vaccines have been noted, which, among other reasons, may be associated with suboptimal properties of the wild-type parent virus that are not considered when recommendations for influenza vaccine composition are made. Unfortunately, knowledge surrounding the roles of properties of the circulating influenza virus and its impact on the efficacy of the reassortment process, vaccination efficiency, the infectivity of the vaccine candidates, etc., is now scattered in different publications. This review summarizes the main features of the influenza virus that may dramatically affect different aspects of the preparation of egg-derived live attenuated vaccine candidates and their effectiveness. The author expresses her personal view, which may not coincide with the opinion of other experts in the field of influenza vaccines.
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Ramos JRC, Bissinger T, Genzel Y, Reichl U. Impact of Influenza A Virus Infection on Growth and Metabolism of Suspension MDCK Cells Using a Dynamic Model. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030239. [PMID: 35323683 PMCID: PMC8950586 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cultured-based influenza virus production is a viable option for vaccine manufacturing. In order to achieve a high concentration of viable cells, is requirement to have not only optimal process conditions, but also an active metabolism capable of intracellular synthesis of viral components. Experimental metabolic data collected in such processes are complex and difficult to interpret, for which mathematical models are an appropriate way to simulate and analyze the complex and dynamic interaction between the virus and its host cell. A dynamic model with 35 states was developed in this study to describe growth, metabolism, and influenza A virus production in shake flask cultivations of suspension Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. It considers cell growth (concentration of viable cells, mean cell diameters, volume of viable cells), concentrations of key metabolites both at the intracellular and extracellular level and virus titers. Using one set of parameters, the model accurately simulates the dynamics of mock-infected cells and correctly predicts the overall dynamics of virus-infected cells for up to 60 h post infection (hpi). The model clearly suggests that most changes observed after infection are related to cessation of cell growth and the subsequent transition to apoptosis and cell death. However, predictions do not cover late phases of infection, particularly for the extracellular concentrations of glutamate and ammonium after about 12 hpi. Results obtained from additional in silico studies performed indicated that amino acid degradation by extracellular enzymes resulting from cell lysis during late infection stages may contribute to this observed discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Rodrigues Correia Ramos
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (U.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas Bissinger
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (U.R.)
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (U.R.)
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (U.R.)
- Institute of Process Engineering, Faculty of Process & Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Gesi C, Grasso F, Dragogna F, Vercesi M, Paletta S, Politi P, Mencacci C, Cerveri G. How Did COVID-19 Affect Suicidality? Data from a Multicentric Study in Lombardy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112410. [PMID: 34072386 PMCID: PMC8199273 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of subjects accessing the emergency rooms for suicidal behavior during the first epidemic wave of COVID-19 in three Emergency Departments (EDs) in Lombardy (Italy). A retrospective chart review was conducted for the period 8 March–3 June 2020, and during the same time frame in 2019. For all subjects accessing for suicidality, socio-demographic and clinical data were collected and compared between the two years. The proportion of subjects accessing for suicidality was significantly higher in 2020 than in 2019 (13.0 vs. 17.2%, p = 0.03). No differences between the two years were found for sex, triage priority level, history of substance abuse, factor triggering suicidality and discharge diagnosis. During 2020 a greater proportion of subjects did not show any mental disorders and were psychotropic drug-free. Women were more likely than men to receive inpatient psychiatric treatment, while men were more likely to be discharged with a diagnosis of acute alcohol/drug intoxication. Our study provides hints for managing suicidal behaviors during the still ongoing emergency and may be primary ground for further studies on suicidality in the course of or after massive infectious outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Gesi
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (F.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Federico Grasso
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Lodi, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (G.C.)
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0371-372940
| | - Filippo Dragogna
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (F.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Marco Vercesi
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Lodi, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (G.C.)
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Silvia Paletta
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Lodi, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Pierluigi Politi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Claudio Mencacci
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (F.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Giancarlo Cerveri
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Lodi, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.V.); (S.P.); (G.C.)
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Chen PL, Tzeng TT, Hu AYC, Wang LHC, Lee MS. Development and Evaluation of Vero Cell-Derived Master Donor Viruses for Influenza Pandemic Preparedness. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040626. [PMID: 33113866 PMCID: PMC7712210 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryonated egg-based platform currently produces the majority of seasonal influenza vaccines by employing a well-developed master donor virus (MDV, A/PR/8/34 (PR8)) to generate high-growth reassortants (HGRs) for A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 subtypes. Although the egg-based platform can supply enough seasonal influenza vaccines, it cannot meet surging demands during influenza pandemics. Therefore, multi-purpose platforms are desirable for pandemic preparedness. The Vero cell-based production platform is widely used for human vaccines and could be a potential multi-purpose platform for pandemic influenza vaccines. However, many wild-type and egg-derived influenza viruses cannot grow efficiently in Vero cells. Therefore, it is critical to develop Vero cell-derived high-growth MDVs for pandemic preparedness. In this study, we evaluated two in-house MDVs (Vero-15 and VB5) and two external MDVs (PR8 and PR8-HY) to generate Vero cell-derived HGRs for five avian influenza viruses (AIVs) with pandemic potentials (H5N1 clade 2.3.4, H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1, American-lineage H5N2, H7N9 first wave and H7N9 fifth wave). Overall, no single MDV could generate HGRs for all five AIVs, but this goal could be achieved by employing two in-house MDVs (vB5 and Vero-15). In immunization studies, mice received two doses of Vero cell-derived inactivated H5N1 and H7N9 whole virus antigens adjuvanted with alum and developed robust antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ling Chen
- National Institution of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (P.-L.C.); (T.-T.T.); (A.Y.-C.H.)
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan;
| | - Tsai-Teng Tzeng
- National Institution of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (P.-L.C.); (T.-T.T.); (A.Y.-C.H.)
| | - Alan Yung-Chih Hu
- National Institution of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (P.-L.C.); (T.-T.T.); (A.Y.-C.H.)
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan;
| | - Min-Shi Lee
- National Institution of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (P.-L.C.); (T.-T.T.); (A.Y.-C.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-37-206-166
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