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Ismail EA, Omolo CA, Gafar MA, Khan R, Nyandoro VO, Yakubu ES, Mackraj I, Tageldin A, Govender T. Novel peptide and hyaluronic acid coated biomimetic liposomes for targeting bacterial infections and sepsis. Int J Pharm 2024:124493. [PMID: 39048042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome resulting from an imbalanced immune response to severe infections. Despite advances in nanomedicines, effective treatments for sepsis are still lacking. Herein, vancomycin free base (VCM)-loaded dual functionalized biomimetic liposomes based on a novel TLR4-targeting peptide (P3) and hyaluronic acid (HA) (HA-P3-Lipo) were developed to enhance sepsis therapy. The nanocarrier revealed appropriate physicochemical parameters, good stability, and biocompatibility. The release of VCM from HA-P3-Lipo was found to be sustained with 76 % VCM released in 48 h. The biomimicry was elucidated by in silico tools and MST and results confirmed strong binding between the system and TLR4. Furthermore, HA-P3-Lipo revealed 2-fold enhanced antibacterial activity against S. aureus, sustained antibacterial activity against MRSA over 72 h and 5-fold better MRSA biofilm inhibition compared to bare VCM. Bacterial-killing kinetics and flow cytometry confirmed the superiority of HA-P3-Lipo in eliminating MRSA faster than VCM. The in vivo potential of the nanocarrier was elucidated in an MRSA-induced sepsis mice model, and the results confirmed the superiority of HA-P3-Lipo compared to free VCM in eliminating bacteria and down-regulating the proinflammatory markers. Therefore, HA-P3-Lipo exhibits potential as a promising novel multi-functional nanosystem against sepsis and could significantly contribute to the transformation of sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Ismail
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Calvin A Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; United States International University-Africa, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, P. O. Box 14634-00800, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Mohammed A Gafar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rene Khan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Vincent O Nyandoro
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; School of Pharmacy, Kabarak University, P.O BOX Private bag 20157, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Elliasu S Yakubu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Irene Mackraj
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Abdelrahman Tageldin
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa.
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Lu R, Luo Z, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhang C. A Multifunctional Tissue-Engineering Hydrogel Aimed to Regulate Bacterial Ferroptosis-Like Death and Overcoming Infection Toward Bone Remodeling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2309820. [PMID: 38896799 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Infection is the most common complication after orthopedic surgery and can result in prolonged ailments such as chronic wounds, enlarged bone defects, and osteomyelitis. Iron, which is essential for bacterial metabolism and immune cell functions, is extremely important. Bacteria harness iron from nearby cells to promote biofilm formation, ensuring their survival. Iron deficiency within the infection microenvironment (IME) consequently hampers macrophage function, enabling further dissemination of the infection and hindering macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype. Therefore, a novel approach is proposed to regulate macrophage polarization, aiming to restore the inflammatory immune environment. A composite hydrogel derived from natural polymers is developed to address infections and manage iron metabolism in macrophages. This IME-responsive hydrogel, named FCL-ECMH, is synthesized by encapsulating vermiculite functional core layers within a decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogel. It is noteworthy that FCL-ECMH can produce reactive oxygen species within the IME. Supplementary photothermal treatment enhances bacterial iron uptake, leading to ferroptosis-like death. This process also rejuvenates the iron-enriched macrophages around the IME, thereby enhancing their antibacterial and tissue repair functions. In vivo experiments confirmed the antibacterial and repair-promoting capabilities of FCL-ECMH, indicating its potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Nanomedicine and Intestinal Microecology Research Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhiyuan Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Nanomedicine and Intestinal Microecology Research Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Nanomedicine and Intestinal Microecology Research Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Nanomedicine and Intestinal Microecology Research Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital, 999 Donghai Road, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Gafar MA, Omolo CA, Elhassan E, Ibrahim UH, Govender T. Applications of peptides in nanosystems for diagnosing and managing bacterial sepsis. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:40. [PMID: 38637839 PMCID: PMC11027418 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis represents a critical medical condition stemming from an imbalanced host immune response to infections, which is linked to a significant burden of disease. Despite substantial efforts in laboratory and clinical research, sepsis remains a prominent contributor to mortality worldwide. Nanotechnology presents innovative opportunities for the advancement of sepsis diagnosis and treatment. Due to their unique properties, including diversity, ease of synthesis, biocompatibility, high specificity, and excellent pharmacological efficacy, peptides hold great potential as part of nanotechnology approaches against sepsis. Herein, we present a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the applications of peptides in nanosystems for combating sepsis, with the potential to expedite diagnosis and enhance management outcomes. Firstly, sepsis pathophysiology, antisepsis drug targets, current modalities in management and diagnosis with their limitations, and the potential of peptides to advance the diagnosis and management of sepsis have been adequately addressed. The applications have been organized into diagnostic or managing applications, with the last one being further sub-organized into nano-delivered bioactive peptides with antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory activity, peptides as targeting moieties on the surface of nanosystems against sepsis, and peptides as nanocarriers for antisepsis agents. The studies have been grouped thematically and discussed, emphasizing the constructed nanosystem, physicochemical properties, and peptide-imparted enhancement in diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy. The strengths, limitations, and research gaps in each section have been elaborated. Finally, current challenges and potential future paths to enhance the use of peptides in nanosystems for combating sepsis have been deliberately spotlighted. This review reaffirms peptides' potential as promising biomaterials within nanotechnology strategies aimed at improving sepsis diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Gafar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 1996, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Calvin A Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa.
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, P. O. Box 14634-00800, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Eman Elhassan
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Usri H Ibrahim
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa.
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De Rosa S, Ferrari F, Greco M, Pota V, Umbrello M, Cotoia A, Pasin L, Nalesso F, Paternoster G, Villa G, Lassola S, Miori S, Sanna A, Cantaluppi V, Marengo M, Valente F, Fiorentino M, Brunori G, Bellani G, Giarratano A. The use of extracorporeal blood purification therapies and sequential extracorporeal support in patients with septic shock (EROICASS): a study protocol for a national, non-interventional, observational multicenter, prospective study. JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA, ANALGESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2024; 4:16. [PMID: 38409062 PMCID: PMC10898122 DOI: 10.1186/s44158-024-00153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Septic shock, a critical condition characterized by organ failure, presents a substantial mortality risk in intensive care units (ICUs), with the 28-day mortality rate possibly reaching 40%. Conventional management of septic shock typically involves the administration of antibiotics, supportive care for organ dysfunction, and, if necessary, surgical intervention to address the source of infection. In recent decades, extracorporeal blood purification therapies (EBPT) have emerged as potential interventions aimed at modulating the inflammatory response and restoring homeostasis in patients with sepsis. Likewise, sequential extracorporeal therapy in sepsis (SETS) interventions offer comprehensive organ support in the setting of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The EROICASS study will assess and describe the utilization of EBPT in patients with septic shock. Additionally, we will evaluate the potential association between EBPT treatment utilization and 90-day mortality in septic shock cases in Italy. METHODS The EROICASS study is a national, non-interventional, multicenter observational prospective cohort study. All consecutive patients with septic shock at participating centers will be prospectively enrolled, with data collection extending from intensive care unit (ICU) admission to hospital discharge. Variables including patient demographics, clinical parameters, EBPT/SETS utilization, and outcomes will be recorded using a web-based data capture system. Statistical analyses will encompass descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing, multivariable regression models, and survival analysis to elucidate the associations between EBPT/SETS utilization and patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The EROICASS study provides valuable insights into the utilization and outcomes of EBPT and SETS in septic shock management. Through analysis of usage patterns and clinical data, this study aims to guide treatment decisions and enhance patient care. The implications of these findings may impact clinical guidelines, potentially improving survival rates and patient outcomes in septic shock cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia De Rosa
- Centre for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento, 38122, Trento, Italy.
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS, Trento, Italy.
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRV), Vicenza, Italy.
| | - Fiorenza Ferrari
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRV), Vicenza, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRRCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Pota
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Umbrello
- Section of Resuscitation and Anesthesia, ASST Ovest Milanese, Ospedale Nuovo Di Legnano, Legnano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Cotoia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Laura Pasin
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRV), Vicenza, Italy
| | - Federico Nalesso
- Nephrology, University Hospital, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianluca Paternoster
- Division of Cardiac Resuscitation, Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - Gianluca Villa
- Department of Health Sciences, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine Section of Anesthesia, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Lassola
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - Sara Miori
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Sanna
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - Vicenzo Cantaluppi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, "Maggiore Della Carità" University Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Marita Marengo
- Department of Specialist Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) CN1, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Valente
- Nephrology and Dialysis, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorentino
- Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliano Brunori
- Centre for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento, 38122, Trento, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bellani
- Centre for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento, 38122, Trento, Italy
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - Antonino Giarratano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Tang X, Shang Y, Yang H, Song Y, Li S, Qin Y, Song J, Chen K, Liu Y, Zhang D, Chen L. Targeted delivery of Fc-fused PD-L1 for effective management of acute and chronic colitis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1673. [PMID: 38396052 PMCID: PMC10891058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in mucosal immunity is currently actively explored and considered as a target for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. However, systemic PD-L1 administration may cause unpredictable adverse effects due to immunosuppression. Here we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoparticles enhance the efficacy and safety of PD-L1 in a mouse colitis model. The nanoparticles control the accumulation and release of PD-L1 fused to Fc (PD-L1-Fc) at inflammatory sites in the colon. The nanotherapeutics shows superiority in alleviating inflammatory symptoms over systemic PD-L1-Fc administration and mitigates the adverse effects of PD-L1-Fc administration. The nanoparticles-formulated PD-L1-Fc affects production of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, attenuates the infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, increases the frequencies of Treg, Th1 and Tfh cells, reshapes the gut microbiota composition; and increases short-chain fatty acid production. In summary, PD-L1-Fc-decorated nanoparticles may provide an effective and safe strategy for the targeted treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Tang
- Institute of Gastroenterology of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yangyang Shang
- Institute of Gastroenterology of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Gastroenterology of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yalan Song
- Institute of Gastroenterology of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shan Li
- Institute of Gastroenterology of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yusi Qin
- Institute of Gastroenterology of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jingyi Song
- Institute of Gastroenterology of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Institute of Gastroenterology of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dinglin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Gastroenterology of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Ahuja A, Agrawal S, Acharya S, Kumar S. A Comprehensive Review of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Sepsis. Cureus 2024; 16:e53678. [PMID: 38455817 PMCID: PMC10918297 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a critical global health challenge characterised by a dysregulated immune response to infection, leading to systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction. This review examines the immunomodulatory effects of Vitamin D in sepsis, focusing on its regulation of immune cell function, modulation of cytokine production, and enhancement of antimicrobial responses. While the potential of Vitamin D as an adjunctive therapy in sepsis management is evident, challenges such as variability in Vitamin D status, uncertainties regarding optimal dosages and patient heterogeneity, and potential adverse effects require careful consideration. The review highlights the implications for future research and clinical practice, emphasising the need for standardised measurement protocols, elucidation of optimal supplementation strategies, and integration of Vitamin D assessments into routine care. Despite the complexities, Vitamin D emerges as a promising avenue for personalised interventions in sepsis, necessitating ongoing research collaboration and evidence-based guidelines to harness its full therapeutic potential and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Ahuja
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sachin Agrawal
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sourya Acharya
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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Li Z, Wu B, Chen J, Ye N, Ma R, Song C, Sun Y, Zhang X, Sun G. WWP2 protects against sepsis-induced cardiac injury through inhibiting cardiomyocyte ferroptosis. J Transl Int Med 2024; 12:35-50. [PMID: 38591063 PMCID: PMC11000860 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2024-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Cardiac injury plays a critical role in contributing to the mortality associated with sepsis, a condition marked by various forms of programmed cell deaths. Previous studies hinted at the WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (WWP2) involving in heart failure and endothelial injury. However, the precise implications of WWP2 in sepsis-induced cardiac injury, along with the underlying mechanisms, remain enigmatic. Methods Sepsis induced cardiac injury were constructed by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide. To discover the function of WWP2 during this process, we designed and performed loss/gain-of-function studies with cardiac-specific vectors and WWP2 knockout mice. Combination experiments were performed to investigate the relationship between WWP2 and downstream signaling in septic myocardium injury. Results The protein level of WWP2 was downregulated in cardiomyocytes during sepsis. Cardiac-specific overexpression of WWP2 protected heart from sepsis induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, programmed cell death and cardiac injury, while knockdown or knockout of WWP2 exacerbated this process. The protective potency of WWP2 was predominantly linked to its ability to suppress cardiomyocyte ferroptosis rather than apoptosis. Mechanistically, our study revealed a direct interaction between WWP2 and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (FACL4), through which WWP2 facilitated the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of FACL4. Notably, we observed a notable reduction in ferroptosis and cardiac injury within WWP2 knockout mice after FACL4 knockdown during sepsis. Conclusions WWP2 assumes a critical role in safeguarding the heart against injury induced by sepsis via regulating FACL4 to inhibit LPS-induced cardiomyocytes ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Boquan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ning Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunyu Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guozhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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Abdallah OM, Shebl HR, Abdelsalam E, Mehrez SI. The impact and safety of encapsulated nanomaterials as a new alternative against carbapenem resistant bacteria. a systematic review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:72. [PMID: 38233674 PMCID: PMC10794433 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of multi drug resistant bacterial infections has caused a critical problem with implication on hospitalization and mortality rates. This systematic review aims to review the combined antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles attached to the traditionally used antibiotics, to overcome the antibiotic resistance crisis. In this systematic search we focused on preclinical studies that have used animal models, to test and evaluate the effect of nanomaterials added to antibiotics against gram negative bacteria with carbapenem resistance. Where, this newly formed structure has led to significant decrease in bacterial load in animal model serum. Furthermore, by evaluating nanomaterial cytotoxicity and inflammatory markers, promising results were established, where low toxicity indices were presented, supporting the ability of this new pathway to be used as an alternative to abused antibiotics. Our research collected the various data and showed encouraging preclinical one for using nanomaterials with antibiotics. This undeniable route should be considered, due to its ability to contribute to the treatment of multi drug resistant bacterial infections. These findings provide base for future studies and reinforce the need for more evaluation and testing on the safety of nanomaterials against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia M Abdallah
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Heba R Shebl
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelsalam
- Pharmacology Department, faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen I Mehrez
- Pharmacology Department, faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Srivastava V, Singh S. Organ support in sepsis: A panoramic view from infection to death. Med J Armed Forces India 2024; 80:4-9. [PMID: 38239603 PMCID: PMC10793238 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in medical research, sepsis persists as a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units (ICUs). Sepsis intricately contributes to organ failure, amplifying both morbidity and mortality. In these instances, a comprehensive comprehension of the physiology of each organ is imperative for accurate diagnosis and effective management. Within the context of an ICU clinical scenario, a meticulous evaluation and monitoring of six pivotal organ systems cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, neurological, hematological, and hepatic are essential. The primary objective in managing sepsis-induced organ failure is the early detection and intervention, encompassing timely administration of antibiotics, identification and control of the infection source, and implementation of supportive therapy. Despite the extensive body of medical literature, there is a conspicuous absence of evidence-based multi-organ management strategies for such patients. The intricate interplay between organs, commonly referred to as organ crosstalk, presents a formidable challenge in navigating the complexities of sepsis management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shalendra Singh
- Senior Advisor (Anaesthesia) & Neuroanaesthesiologist, Command Hospital (Northern Commmand), Udhampur, India
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10
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Zhou C, Liu Y, Li Y, Shi L. Recent advances and prospects in nanomaterials for bacterial sepsis management. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10778-10792. [PMID: 37901894 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02220j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream and triggering an immune response, underscoring the importance of early recognition and prompt treatment. Nanomedicine holds promise for addressing sepsis through improved diagnostics, nanoparticle biosensors for detection and imaging, enhanced antibiotic delivery, combating resistance, and immune modulation. However, challenges remain in ensuring safety, regulatory compliance, scalability, and cost-effectiveness before clinical implementation. Further research is needed to optimize design, efficacy, safety, and regulatory strategies for effective utilization of nanomedicines in bacterial sepsis diagnosis and treatment. This review highlights the significant potential of nanomedicines, including improved drug delivery, enhanced diagnostics, and immunomodulation for bacterial sepsis. It also emphasizes the need for further research to optimize design, efficacy, safety profiles, and address regulatory challenges to facilitate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317600, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317600, China.
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317600, China.
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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11
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Zhang H, Liao J, Jin L, Lin Y. NLRP3 inflammasome involves in the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by multiple mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115497. [PMID: 37741253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is one of the serious health-affecting problems worldwide. At present, the mechanisms of SIMD are still not clearly elucidated. The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been assumed to be involved in the pathophysiology of SIMD by regulating multiple biological processes. NLRP3 inflammasome and its related signaling pathways might affect the regulation of inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and pyroptosis in SIMD. A few molecular specific inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome (e.g., Melatonin, Ulinastatin, Irisin, Nifuroxazide, and Ginsenoside Rg1, etc.) have been developed, which showed a promising anti-inflammatory effect in a cellular or animal model of SIMD. These experimental findings indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome could be a promising therapeutic target for SIMD treatment. However, the clinical translation of NLRP3 inhibitors for treating SIMD still requires robust in vivo and preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jian Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Litong Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou 318000, China.
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12
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Nyandoro VO, Omolo CA, Ismail EA, Yong L, Govender T. Inflammation-responsive drug delivery nanosystems for treatment of bacterial-induced sepsis. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123346. [PMID: 37633537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis, a complication of dysregulated host immune systemic response to an infection, is life threatening and causes multiple organ injuries. Sepsis is recognized by WHO as a big contributor to global morbidity and mortality. The heterogeneity in sepsis pathophysiology, antimicrobial resistance threat, the slowdown in the development of antimicrobials, and limitations of conventional dosage forms jeopardize the treatment of sepsis. Drug delivery nanosystems are promising tools to overcome some of these challenges. Among the drug delivery nanosystems, inflammation-responsive nanosystems have attracted considerable interest in sepsis treatment due to their ability to respond to specific stimuli in the sepsis microenvironment to release their payload in a precise, targeted, controlled, and rapid manner compared to non-responsive nanosystems. These nanosystems posit superior therapeutic potential to enhance sepsis treatment. This review critically evaluates the recent advances in the design of drug delivery nanosystems that are inflammation responsive and their potential in enhancing sepsis treatment. The sepsis microenvironment's unique features, such as acidic pH, upregulated receptors, overexpressed enzymes, and enhanced oxidative stress, that form the basis for their design have been adequately discussed. These inflammation-responsive nanosystems have been organized into five classes namely: Receptor-targeted nanosystems, pH-responsive nanosystems, redox-responsive nanosystems, enzyme-responsive nanosystems, and multi-responsive nanosystems. Studies under each class have been thematically grouped and discussed with an emphasis on the polymers used in their design, nanocarriers, key characterization, loaded actives, and key findings on drug release and therapeutic efficacy. Further, this information is concisely summarized into tables and supplemented by inserted figures. Additionally, this review adeptly points out the strengths and limitations of the studies and identifies research avenues that need to be explored. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives on these nanosystems have been thoughtfully highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent O Nyandoro
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Kabarak University, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Calvin A Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Eman A Ismail
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Liu Yong
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (WIUCAS), China
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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13
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Kaushal S, Priyadarshi N, Garg P, Singhal NK, Lim DK. Nano-Biotechnology for Bacteria Identification and Potent Anti-bacterial Properties: A Review of Current State of the Art. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2529. [PMID: 37764558 PMCID: PMC10536455 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a critical disease caused by the abrupt increase of bacteria in human blood, which subsequently causes a cytokine storm. Early identification of bacteria is critical to treating a patient with proper antibiotics to avoid sepsis. However, conventional culture-based identification takes a long time. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is not so successful because of the complexity and similarity in the genome sequence of some bacterial species, making it difficult to design primers and thus less suitable for rapid bacterial identification. To address these issues, several new technologies have been developed. Recent advances in nanotechnology have shown great potential for fast and accurate bacterial identification. The most promising strategy in nanotechnology involves the use of nanoparticles, which has led to the advancement of highly specific and sensitive biosensors capable of detecting and identifying bacteria even at low concentrations in very little time. The primary drawback of conventional antibiotics is the potential for antimicrobial resistance, which can lead to the development of superbacteria, making them difficult to treat. The incorporation of diverse nanomaterials and designs of nanomaterials has been utilized to kill bacteria efficiently. Nanomaterials with distinct physicochemical properties, such as optical and magnetic properties, including plasmonic and magnetic nanoparticles, have been extensively studied for their potential to efficiently kill bacteria. In this review, we are emphasizing the recent advances in nano-biotechnologies for bacterial identification and anti-bacterial properties. The basic principles of new technologies, as well as their future challenges, have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimayali Kaushal
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Nitesh Priyadarshi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, India; (N.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Priyanka Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, India; (N.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Nitin Kumar Singhal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, India; (N.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Dong-Kwon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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14
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Liu A, Zhang Y, Xun S, Zhou G, Hu J, Liu Y. Targeting of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein alleviates sepsis via alleviating inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in heart. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110499. [PMID: 37392569 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
A systemic inflammatory response is observed in patients undergoing shock and sepsis. This study aimed to explore the effects of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) on sepsis-associated cardiac dysfunction and the underlying mechanism. In vivo and in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis models were established in mice and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), respectively. CRIP expressions were increased in the mouse heart and NRCMs treated with LPS. CIRP knockdown alleviated LPS-induced decreases of left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening. CIRP downregulation attenuated the increases of inflammatory factors in the LPS-induced septic mouse heart, and NRCMs. The enhanced oxidative stress in the LPS-induced septic mouse heart and NRCMs was suppressed after CIRP knockdown. By contrast, CIRP overexpression yielded the opposite results. Our current study indicates that the knockdown of CIRP protects against sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction through alleviating inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Binhai People's Hospital, Yancheng 224500, China.
| | - Yonglin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Binhai People's Hospital, Yancheng 224500, China
| | - Shucan Xun
- Department of Cardiology, Binhai People's Hospital, Yancheng 224500, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Binhai People's Hospital, Yancheng 224500, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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15
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Bakare OO, Gokul A, Niekerk LA, Aina O, Abiona A, Barker AM, Basson G, Nkomo M, Otomo L, Keyster M, Klein A. Recent Progress in the Characterization, Synthesis, Delivery Procedures, Treatment Strategies, and Precision of Antimicrobial Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11864. [PMID: 37511621 PMCID: PMC10380191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are constantly evolving to bypass antibiotics or create resistance against them. There is a piercing alarm for the need to improve the design of new effective antimicrobial agents such as antimicrobial peptides which are less prone to resistance and possess high sensitivity. This would guard public health in combating and overcoming stubborn pathogens and mitigate incurable diseases; however, the emergence of antimicrobial peptides' shortcomings ranging from untimely degradation by enzymes to difficulty in the design against specific targets is a major bottleneck in achieving these objectives. This review is aimed at highlighting the recent progress in antimicrobial peptide development in the area of nanotechnology-based delivery, selectivity indices, synthesis and characterization, their doping and coating, and the shortfall of these approaches. This review will raise awareness of antimicrobial peptides as prospective therapeutic agents in the medical and pharmaceutical industries, such as the sensitive treatment of diseases and their utilization. The knowledge from this development would guide the future design of these novel peptides and allow the development of highly specific, sensitive, and accurate antimicrobial peptides to initiate treatment regimens in patients to enable them to have accommodating lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Olanrewaju Bakare
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu 2002, Nigeria
| | - Arun Gokul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Qwaqwa Campus, University of the Free State, Phuthadithjaba 9866, South Africa
| | - Lee-Ann Niekerk
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Omolola Aina
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ademola Abiona
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu 2002, Nigeria
| | - Adele Mariska Barker
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Basson
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Mbukeni Nkomo
- Department of Botany, H13 Botany Building, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Laetitia Otomo
- Department of Plant Sciences, Qwaqwa Campus, University of the Free State, Phuthadithjaba 9866, South Africa
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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16
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Vasconcelos I, Santos T. Nanotechnology Applications in Sepsis: Essential Knowledge for Clinicians. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1682. [PMID: 37376129 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host response to an invading pathogen such as multidrug-resistant bacteria. Despite recent advancements, sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, resulting in a significant global impact and burden. This condition affects all age groups, with clinical outcomes mainly depending on a timely diagnosis and appropriate early therapeutic intervention. Because of the unique features of nanosized systems, there is a growing interest in developing and designing novel solutions. Nanoscale-engineered materials allow a targeted and controlled release of bioactive agents, resulting in improved efficacy with minimal side effects. Additionally, nanoparticle-based sensors provide a quicker and more reliable alternative to conventional diagnostic methods for identifying infection and organ dysfunction. Despite recent advancements, fundamental nanotechnology principles are often presented in technical formats that presuppose advanced chemistry, physics, and engineering knowledge. Consequently, clinicians may not grasp the underlying science, hindering interdisciplinary collaborations and successful translation from bench to bedside. In this review, we abridge some of the most recent and most promising nanotechnology-based solutions for sepsis diagnosis and management using an intelligible format to stimulate a seamless collaboration between engineers, scientists, and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Vasconcelos
- School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center-UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Santos
- School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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17
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Wang X, Xia Z, Wang H, Wang D, Sun T, Hossain E, Pang X, Liu Y. Cell-membrane-coated nanoparticles for the fight against pathogenic bacteria, toxins, and inflammatory cytokines associated with sepsis. Theranostics 2023; 13:3224-3244. [PMID: 37351162 PMCID: PMC10283065 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is the main cause of death in patients suffering from serious illness. Yet, there is still no specific treatment for sepsis, and management relies on infection control. Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (MNPs) are a new class of biomimetic nanoparticles based on covering the surface of synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) with natural cell membranes. They retain the physicochemical properties of synthetic nanomaterials and inherit the specific properties of cellular membranes, showing excellent biological compatibility, enhanced biointerfacing capabilities, capacity to hold cellular functions and characteristics, immunological escape, and longer half-life when in circulation. Additionally, they prevent the decomposition of the encapsulated drug and active targeting. Over the years, studies on MNPs have multiplied and a breakthrough has been achieved for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the use of "bio"-related approaches is still rare for treating sepsis. Herein, we discussed current state-of-the-art on MNPs for the treatment of bacterial sepsis by combining the pathophysiology and therapeutic benefits of sepsis, i.e., pathogenic bacteria, bacteria-producing toxins, and inflammatory cytokines produced in the dysregulated inflammatory response associated with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zongping Xia
- Department of Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Huaili Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Dao Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Tongwen Sun
- Department of Integrated ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Eamran Hossain
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xin Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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18
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Point-of-care diagnostics for sepsis using clinical biomarkers and microfluidic technology. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 227:115181. [PMID: 36867959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening immune response which is caused by a wide variety of sources and is a leading cause of mortality globally. Rapid diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment are critical for successful patient outcomes; however, current molecular diagnostic techniques are time-consuming, costly and require trained personnel. Additionally, there is a lack of rapid point-of-care (POC) devices available for sepsis detection despite the urgent requirements in emergency departments and low-resource areas. Recent advances have been made toward developing a POC test for early sepsis detection that will be more rapid and accurate compared to conventional techniques. Within this context, this review discusses the use of current and novel biomarkers for early sepsis diagnosis using microfluidics devices for POC testing.
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19
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Lim SYM, Al Bishtawi B, Lim W. Role of Cytochrome P450 2C9 in COVID-19 Treatment: Current Status and Future Directions. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:221-240. [PMID: 37093458 PMCID: PMC10123480 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The major human liver drug metabolising cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are downregulated during inflammation and infectious disease state, especially during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The influx of proinflammatory cytokines, known as a 'cytokine storm', during severe COVID-19 leads to the downregulation of CYPs and triggers new cytokine release, which further dampens CYP expression. Impaired drug metabolism, along with the inevitable co-administration of drugs or 'combination therapy' in patients with COVID-19 with various comorbidities, could cause drug-drug interactions, thus worsening the disease condition. Genetic variability or polymorphism in CYP2C9 across different ethnicities could contribute to COVID-19 susceptibility. A number of drugs used in patients with COVID-19 are inducers or inhibitors of, or are metabolised by, CYP2C9, and co-administration might cause pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions. It is also worth mentioning that some of the COVID-19 drug interactions are due to altered activity of other CYPs including CYP3A4. Isoniazid/rifampin for COVID-19 and tuberculosis co-infection; lopinavir/ritonavir and cobicistat/remdesivir combination therapy; or multi-drug therapy including ivermectin, azithromycin, montelukast and acetylsalicylic acid, known as TNR4 therapy, all improved recovery in patients with COVID-19. However, a combination of CYP2C9 inducers, inhibitors or both, and plausibly different CYP isoforms could lead to treatment failure, hepatotoxicity or serious side effects including thromboembolism or bleeding, as observed in the combined use of azithromycin/warfarin. Further, herbs that are CYP2C9 inducers and inhibitors, showed anti-COVID-19 properties, and in silico predictions postulated that phytochemical compounds could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 virus particles. COVID-19 vaccines elicit immune responses that activate cytokine release, which in turn suppresses CYP expression that could be the source of compromised CYP2C9 drug metabolism and the subsequent drug-drug interaction. Future studies are recommended to determine CYP regulation in COVID-19, while recognising the involvement of CYP2C9 and possibly utilising CYP2C9 as a target gene to tackle the ever-mutating SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharoen Yu Ming Lim
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia.
| | - Basel Al Bishtawi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Willone Lim
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, 93350, Kuching, Malaysia
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20
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Mohammed M, Ibrahim UH, Aljoundi A, Omolo CA, Devnarain N, Gafar MA, Mocktar C, Govender T. Enzyme-responsive biomimetic solid lipid nanoparticles for antibiotic delivery against hyaluronidase-secreting bacteria. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:122967. [PMID: 37084831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a potent hyaluronidase inhibitor (ascorbyl stearate (AS)) was successfully employed to design vancomycin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (VCM-AS-SLNs) with biomimetic and enzyme-responsive features, to enhance the antibacterial efficacy of vancomycin against bacterial-induced sepsis. The VCM-AS-SLNs prepared were biocompatible and had appropriate physicochemical parameters. The VCM-AS-SLNs showed an excellent binding affinity to the bacterial lipase. The in vitro drug release study showed that the release of the loaded vancomycin was significantly accelerated by the bacterial lipase. The in silico simulations and MST studies confirmed the strong binding affinity of AS and VCM-AS-SLNs to bacterial hyaluronidase compared to its natural substrate. This binding superiority indicates that AS and VCM-AS-SLNs could competitively inhibit the effect of hyaluronidase enzyme, and thus block its virulence action. This hypothesis was further confirmed using the hyaluronidase inhibition assay. The in vitro antibacterial studies against sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus revealed that the VCM-AS-SLNs had a 2-fold lower minimum inhibitory concentration, and a 5-fold MRSA biofilm elimination compared to the free vancomycin. Furthermore, the bactericidal-kinetic showed a 100% bacterial clearance rate within 12 hours of treatment with VCM-AS-SLNs, and less than 50 % eradication after 24 hours for the bare VCM. Therefore, the VCM-AS-SLN shows potential as an innovative multi-functional nanosystem for effective and targeted delivery of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahir Mohammed
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, El Qasr Street P.O. Box 1996, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Usri H Ibrahim
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Aimen Aljoundi
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Calvin A Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; United States International University-Africa, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, P. O. Box 14634-00800, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nikita Devnarain
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mohammed A Gafar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, El Qasr Street P.O. Box 1996, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Chunderika Mocktar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa.
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21
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Wang Y, Liu L, Zheng X, Liu X. Membrane-camouflaged biomimetic nanoparticles as potential immunomodulatory solutions for sepsis: An overview. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1111963. [PMID: 36970623 PMCID: PMC10036601 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction due to dysregulated host responses induced by infection. The presence of immune disturbance is key to the onset and development of sepsis but has remarkably limited therapeutic options. Advances in biomedical nanotechnology have provided innovative approaches to rebalancing the host immunity. In particular, the technique of membrane-coating has demonstrated remarkable improvements to therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs) in terms of tolerance and stability while also improving their biomimetic performance for immunomodulatory purposes. This development has led to the emergence of using cell-membrane-based biomimetic NPs in treating sepsis-associated immunologic derangements. In this minireview, we present an overview of the recent advances in membrane-camouflaged biomimetic NPs, highlighting their multifaceted immunomodulatory effects in sepsis such as anti-infection, vaccination, inflammation control, reversing of immunosuppression, and targeted delivery of immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Wang
- School of Culture and Tourism, Chongqing City Management College, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Liu
- School of Culture and Tourism, Chongqing City Management College, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinchuan Zheng
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinchuan Zheng, ; Xin Liu,
| | - Xin Liu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinchuan Zheng, ; Xin Liu,
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22
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Lu Y, Shi Y, Wu Q, Sun X, Zhang WZ, Xu XL, Chen W. An Overview of Drug Delivery Nanosystems for Sepsis-Related Liver Injury Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:765-779. [PMID: 36820059 PMCID: PMC9938667 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s394802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, which is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, has high morbidity and mortality. Sepsis-related liver injury is one of the manifestations of sepsis-induced multiple organ syndrome. To date, an increasing number of studies have shown that the hepatic inflammatory response, oxidative stress, microcirculation coagulation dysfunction, and bacterial translocation play extremely vital roles in the occurrence and development of sepsis-related liver injury. In the clinic, sepsis-related liver injury is mainly treated by routine empirical methods on the basis of the primary disease. However, these therapies have some shortcomings, such as serious side effects, short duration of drug effects and lack of specificity. The emergence of drug delivery nanosystems can significantly improve drug bioavailability and reduce toxic side effects. In this paper, we reviewed drug delivery nanosystems designed for the treatment of sepsis-related liver injury according to their mechanisms (hepatic inflammation response, oxidative stress, coagulation dysfunction in the microcirculation, and bacterial translocation). Although much promising progress has been achieved, translation into clinical practice is still difficult. To this end, we also discussed the key issues currently facing this field, including immune system rejection and single treatment modalities. Finally, with the rigorous optimization of nanotechnology and the deepening of research, drug delivery nanosystems have great potential for the treatment of sepsis-related liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Shi
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wu
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Sun
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhen Zhang
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Xiao-Ling Xu, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, 8 Shuren Street, Hangzhou, 310015, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Wei Chen
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Wei Chen, ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South WanPing Road, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-21-64385700-3522, Email
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Li F, Zhang Y, Peng Z, Wang Y, Zeng Z, Tang Z. Diagnostic, clustering, and immune cell infiltration analysis of m6A regulators in patients with sepsis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2532. [PMID: 36781867 PMCID: PMC9925440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA N6-methladenosine (m6A) regulators are required for a variety of biological processes, including immune responses, and increasing evidence indicates that their dysregulation is closely associated with many diseases. However, the potential roles of m6A regulators in sepsis remain unknown. We comprehensively analyzed the transcriptional variations in and interactions of 26 m6A regulators in sepsis based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A random forest (RF) model and nomogram were established to predict the occurrence and risk of sepsis in patients. Then, two different m6A subtypes were defined by consensus clustering analysis, and we explored the correlation between the subtypes and immune cells. We found that 17 of the 26 m6A regulators were significantly differentially expressed between patients with and without sepsis, and strong correlations among these 17 m6A regulators were revealed. Compared with the support vector machine (SVM) model, the RF model had better predictive ability, and therefore was used to construct a reliable nomogram containing 10 candidate m6A regulators to predict the risk of sepsis in patients. In addition, a consensus clustering algorithm was used to identify two different subtypes of m6A, which helped us distinguish different levels of immune cell infiltration and inflammation in patients with sepsis. Comprehensive analysis of m6A regulators in sepsis revealed their potential roles in sepsis occurrence, immune cell infiltration and inflammation in patients with sepsis. This study may contribute to the development of follow-up treatment strategies for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiyun Peng
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yingjing Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhaoshang Zeng
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongxiang Tang
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China.
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Song C, Xu J, Gao C, Zhang W, Fang X, Shang Y. Nanomaterials targeting macrophages in sepsis: A promising approach for sepsis management. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026173. [PMID: 36569932 PMCID: PMC9780679 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from dysregulated host responses to infection. Macrophages play significant roles in host against pathogens and the immunopathogenesis of sepsis, such as phagocytosis of pathogens, secretion of cytokines, and phenotype reprogramming. However, the rapid progression of sepsis impairs macrophage function, and conventional antimicrobial and supportive treatment are not sufficient to restore dysregulated macrophages roles. Nanoparticles own unique physicochemical properties, surface functions, localized surface plasmon resonance phenomenon, passive targeting in vivo, good biocompatibility and biodegradability, are accessible for biomedical applications. Once into the body, NPs are recognized by host immune system. Macrophages are phagocytes in innate immunity dedicated to the recognition of foreign substances, including nanoparticles, with which an immune response subsequently occurs. Various design strategies, such as surface functionalization, have been implemented to manipulate the recognition of nanoparticles by monocytes/macrophages, and engulfed by them to regulate their function in sepsis, compensating for the shortcomings of sepsis traditional methods. The review summarizes the mechanism of nanomaterials targeting macrophages and recent advances in nanomedicine targeting macrophages in sepsis, which provides good insight for exploring macrophage-based nano-management in sepsis.
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25
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Chougale A, Vedante S, Kulkarni G, Patnawar S. Recent Progress on Biosensors for the Early Detection of Neurological Disorders. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chougale
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Adelaide SA Australia 5000
| | - Shruti Vedante
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Adelaide SA Australia 5000
| | - Guruprasad Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering Kolhapur Maharashtra India 416234
| | - Sneha Patnawar
- Department of Biotechnology Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering Kolhapur Maharashtra India. 416234
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Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Regulatory Role of Maresin1 on Neutrophils during Septic Lung Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233733. [PMID: 36496993 PMCID: PMC9739442 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is the most common type of organ injury in sepsis, with high morbidity and mortality. Sepsis is characterized by an inappropriate inflammatory response while neutrophils exert an important role in the excessive inflammatory response. The discovery of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) provides a new direction for the treatment of a series of inflammatory-related diseases including sepsis. Among them, the regulation of Maresin1 on immune cells was widely demonstrated. However, current research on the regulatory effects of Maresin1 on immune cells has remained at the level of certain cell types. Under inflammatory conditions, the immune environment is complex and immune cells exhibit obvious heterogeneity. Neutrophils play a key role in the occurrence and development of septic lung injury. Whether there is a subpopulation bias in the regulation of neutrophils by Maresin1 has not been elucidated. Therefore, with the well-established cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model and single-cell sequencing technology, our study reveals for the first time the regulatory mechanism of Maresin1 on neutrophils at the single-cell level. Our study suggested that Maresin1 can significantly reduce neutrophil infiltration in septic lung injury and that this regulatory effect is more concentrated in the Neutrophil-Cxcl3 subpopulation. Maresin1 can significantly reduce the infiltration of the Neutrophil-Cxcl3 subpopulation and inhibit the expression of related inflammatory genes and key transcription factors in the Neutrophil-Cxcl3 subpopulation. Our study provided new possibilities for specific modulation of neutrophil function in septic lung injury.
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Defining Exposure Predictors of Meropenem That Are Associated with Improved Survival for Severe Bacterial Infection: A Preclinical PK/PD Study in Sepsis Rat Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111660. [PMID: 36421304 PMCID: PMC9686672 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) index of carbapenems that best correlates with in vivo antimicrobial activity is percent time of dosing interval in which free drug concentration remains above MIC (%fT > MIC), while the magnitudes of the PK/PD index of carbapenems remains undefined in critically ill sepsis patients. Methods: A sepsis rat model was first developed by comparing the survival outcomes after intraperitoneal injection of different inoculum size (1−10 × 107 CFU) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9027 (MIC = 0.125 mg/L) in neutropenic rats. The PK characteristics of the model drug meropenem in the developed sepsis rat model was then evaluated, and PK modeling and simulation was applied to design meropenem dosing regimens attaining various PD targets (40%fT > MIC, 100%fT > MIC, and 100%fT > 4 × MIC). The microbiological response and survival outcomes for different meropenem treatment regimens were investigated in the rat sepsis model (n = 12 for each group). Results: The optimal inoculum for the rat sepsis model was 1 × 107 CFU of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9027. A one-compartment model with first-order absorption best described the PK of meropenem in sepsis rats. Pronounced survival prolongation and lower hazard risk were observed in the treatment groups of 50 or 75 mg/kg/q2.4h (100%fT > MIC) and 75 mg/kg/q2h (100%fT > 4 × MIC) compared to the 75 mg/kg/q6h (40%fT > MIC) group, while meropenem groups with PD targets of 100%fT > MIC and 100%fT > 4 × MIC showed comparable survival curves. Microbiological response for different PD targets is inconclusive due to irregular bacterial counts in blood samples. Conclusions: The PD target of 40%fT > MIC is suboptimal for sepsis rats, and the aggressive 100%fT > 4 × MIC target does not provide a survival benefit against the target of 100%fT > MIC.
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Hussain SM, Goud BS, Madheshwaran P, Jamshed W, Pasha AA, Safdar R, Arshad M, Ibrahim RW, Ahmad MK. Effectiveness of Nonuniform Heat Generation (Sink) and Thermal Characterization of a Carreau Fluid Flowing across a Nonlinear Elongating Cylinder: A Numerical Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:25309-25320. [PMID: 35910125 PMCID: PMC9330264 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
During thermal radiation treatments, heat therapies, and examination procedures like scans and X-rays, the cylindrical blood vessels may get stretched; meanwhile, the blood flow through those blood vessels may get affected due to temperature variations around them. To overcome this issue, this work was framed to explore the impact of heat transmission in a Carreau fluid flow (CFF) through a stretching cylinder in terms of the nonlinear stretching rate and irregular heat source/sink. Temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and thermal radiation are taken into consideration in this study. To tranform complicated partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations, appropriate similarity variables are used. For a limited set of instances, the derived series solutions are compared to previously published results. For linear and nonlinear stretching rates, graphs and tables are used to examine the influence of an irregular heat source/sink on fluid movement and heat transfer. The research outcomes demonstrate that the heat source and nonlinear stretching rate cause a disruption in the temperature distribution in the fluid region, which can alter the blood flow through the vessels. In all conditions except for the heat in an internal heat sink, the nonlinear stretching situation improves the velocity and heat profile. Furthermore, with the increase in the values of the Weissenberg number, the temperature profile shows opposing features in a shear-thickening fluid and shear-thinning fluid. For the former n > 1, the blood fluidity gets affected, restricting the free movement of blood. For the latter, n < 1, the phenomenon is reversed. Other industrial applications of this work are wire coating, plastic coverings, paper fabrication, fiber whirling, etc. In all of those processes, the fluid flow is manipulated by thermal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M. Hussain
- Department
of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Islamic
University of Madinah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - B. Shankar Goud
- Department
of Mathematics, JNTUH College of Engineering
Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana500085, India
| | - Prakash Madheshwaran
- Department
of Mathematics, Dr. N.G.P. Institute of
Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641048, India
| | - Wasim Jamshed
- Department
of Mathematics, Capital University of Science
and Technology (CUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali Pasha
- Aerospace
Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Safdar
- Department
of Mathematics, Lahore College for Women
University, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Arshad
- Department
of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan
| | - Rabha W. Ibrahim
- The
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): 94086547, Portland, Oregon 13765, United States
| | - Mohammad Kalimuddin Ahmad
- Department
of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Islamic
University of Madinah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang W, Wang W, Hou W, Jiang C, Hu J, Sun L, Hu L, Wu J, Shang A. The diagnostic utility of IL-10, IL-17, and PCT in patients with sepsis infection. Front Public Health 2022; 10:923457. [PMID: 35937269 PMCID: PMC9355284 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.923457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic value and net clinical benefit of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-17 (IL-17), procalcitonin (PCT), and combination tests in patients with sepsis, which will serve as a standard for sepsis early detection. Patients and methods An investigation of 84 sepsis patients and 81 patients with local inflammatory diseases admitted to the ICU of Tongji University Hospital in 2021. In addition to comparing inter-group variability, indicators relevant to sepsis diagnosis and therapy were screened. Results LASSO regression was used to examine PCT, WBC, CRP, IL-10, IFN-, IL-12, and IL-17. Multivariate logistic regression linked IL-10, IL-17, and PCT to sepsis risk. The AUC values of IL-10, IL-17, PCT, and the combination of the three tests were much higher than those of standard laboratory infection indicators. The combined AUC was greater than the sum of IL-10, IL-17, and PCT (P < 0.05). A clinical decision curve analysis of IL-10, IL-17, PCT, and the three combined tests found that the three combined tests outperformed the individual tests in terms of total clinical benefit rate. To predict the risk of sepsis using IL-10, IL-17, and PCT had an AUC of 0.951, and the model's predicted probability was well matched. An examination of the nomogram model's clinical value demonstrated a considerable net therapeutic benefit between 3 and 87%. Conclusion The IL-10, IL-17, and PCT tests all have a high diagnostic value for patients with sepsis, and the combination of the three tests outperforms the individual tests in terms of diagnostic performance, while the combined tests have a higher overall clinical benefit rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiaozuo Fifth People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tinghu People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China
| | - Weiwei Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenfei Jiang
- The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Medicine, Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, China
| | - Liqing Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital and Ningbo Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Liqing Hu
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Jian Wu
| | - Anquan Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Anquan Shang
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Nwabuife JC, Omolo CA, Govender T. Nano delivery systems to the rescue of ciprofloxacin against resistant bacteria "E. coli; P. aeruginosa; Saureus; and MRSA" and their infections. J Control Release 2022; 349:338-353. [PMID: 35820538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) a broad-spectrum antibiotic, is used extensively for the treatment of diverse infections and diseases of bacteria origin, and this includes infections caused by E. coli; P. aeruginosa; S. aureus; and MRSA. This extensive use of CIP has therefore led to an increase in resistance by these infection causing organisms. Nano delivery systems has recently proven to be a possible solution to resistance to these organisms. They have been applied as a strategy to improve the target specificity of CIP against infections and diseases caused by these organisms, thereby maximising the efficacy of CIP to overcome the resistance. Herein, we proffer a brief overview of the mechanisms of resistance; the causes of resistance; and the various approaches employed to overcome this resistance. The review then proceeds to critically evaluate various nano delivery systems including inorganic based nanoparticles; lipid-based nanoparticles; capsules, dendrimers, hydrogels, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles; and others; that have been applied for the delivery of CIP against E. coli; P. aeruginosa; S. aureus; and MRSA infections. Finally, the review highlights future areas of research, for the optimisation of various nano delivery systems, to maximise the therapeutic efficacy of CIP against these organisms. This review confirms the potential of nano delivery systems, for addressing the challenges of resistance to caused by E. coli; P. aeruginosa; S. aureus; and MRSA to CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Nwabuife
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Calvin A Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, P. O. Box 14634-00800, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa..
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Pan W, Zhang J, Hu L, Huang Z. Evaluation Value of Serum miR-4299 and miR-16-5p in Risk Stratification of Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5165892. [PMID: 35845963 PMCID: PMC9286879 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5165892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was designed to determine the evaluation value of serum miR-4299 and miR-16-5p in risk stratification of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SI-AKI). Methods A total of 115 sepsis patients were enrolled and assigned to the SI-AKI group (n = 64) or the sepsis-non-AKI group (n = 51) based on the occurrence of AKI, and 72 healthy individuals were enrolled. Fasting venous blood was sampled from every patient before admission, before therapy, and after therapy, followed by quantification of miR-4299 and miR-16-5p by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the value of serum miR-16-5p and miR-4299 expression in predicting SI-AKI, and Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to explore the associations of the two with Scr, Cys-C, and KIM-1. Results Cases with sepsis, especially SI-AKI, presented significantly downregulated serum miR-4299 and miR-16-5p. After therapy, the expression in them increased. The area under curve (AUC) of serum miR-4299 and miR-16-5p in the prediction value for early diagnosis of SI-AKI was 0.895 (95% CI: 0.839-0.951, cutoff value: 0.780) and 0.838 (95% CI: 0.767-0.909, cutoff value: 0.775), respectively, and the AUC of them in the prediction value for clinical efficacy on the disease were 0.733 (95% CI: 0.645-0.820, cutoff value: 1.115) and 0.776 (95% CI: 0.698-0.855, cutoff value: 1.125), respectively. Serum miR-16-5p and mIR-4299 were negatively correlated with Scr, Cys-C, and KIM-1, separately. Conclusion Both miR-16-5p and mIR-4299 are promising factors for early diagnosis of SI-AKI and dynamic evaluation of the efficacy on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Pan
- Intensive Care Unit, Beilun People's Hospital, No. 1288 Lushan East Road, Beilun District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Beilun People's Hospital, No. 1288 Lushan East Road, Beilun District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luqi Hu
- Intensive Care Unit, Beilun People's Hospital, No. 1288 Lushan East Road, Beilun District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiping Huang
- Intensive Care Unit, Beilun People's Hospital, No. 1288 Lushan East Road, Beilun District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Szittner Z, Péter B, Kurunczi S, Székács I, Horváth R. Functional blood cell analysis by label-free biosensors and single-cell technologies. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 308:102727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Macrophage depletion alters bacterial gut microbiota partly through fungal overgrowth in feces that worsens cecal ligation and puncture sepsis mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9345. [PMID: 35661720 PMCID: PMC9167291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Because macrophage dysfunction from some emerging therapies might worsen gut-derived sepsis, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis are performed in mice with clodronate-induced macrophage depletion. Macrophage depletion (non-sepsis) increased fecal Ascormycota, with a subtle change in bacterial microbiota, that possibly induced gut-barrier defect as Candida pintolopesii and Enterococcus faecalis were identified from blood. Sepsis in macrophage-depleted mice was more severe than sepsis control as indicated by mortality, cytokines, organ injury (liver, kidney, and spleen), gut-leakage (FITC-dextran), fecal Proteobacteria, and blood organisms (bacteria and fungi). Lysate of C. pintolopesii or purified (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan (BG; a major component of fungal cell wall) enhanced growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli that were isolated from the blood of macrophage-depleted CLP mice implying a direct enhancer to some bacterial species. Moreover, the synergy of LPS and BG on enterocytes (Caco-2) (Transepithelial electrical resistance) and neutrophils (cytokines) also supported an influence of gut fungi in worsening sepsis. In conclusion, macrophage depletion enhanced sepsis through the selectively facilitated growth of some bacteria (dysbiosis) from increased fecal fungi that worsened gut-leakage leading to the profound systemic responses against gut-translocated LPS and BG. Our data indicated a possible adverse effect of macrophage-depleted therapies on enhanced sepsis severity through spontaneous elevation of fecal fungi.
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Deng J, Wang R, Huang S, Ding J, Zhou W. Macrophages-regulating nanomedicines for sepsis therapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Fausther-Bovendo H, Qiu X, Babuadze GG, Azizi H, Pedersen J, Wong G, Kobinger GP. Transient Liver Damage and Hemolysis Are Associated With an Inhibition of Ebola Virus Glycoprotein-Specific Antibody Response and Lymphopenia. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:1852-1855. [PMID: 34791300 PMCID: PMC9113424 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of the adaptive immunity for survival following Ebola virus (EBOV) infection. To evaluate the contribution of tissue damage to EBOV-induced immune suppression, acute liver damage or hemolysis, 2 symptoms associated with lethal EBOV infection, were chemically induced in vaccinated mice. Results show that either liver damage or hemolysis was sufficient to inhibit the host humoral response against EBOV glycoprotein and to drastically reduce the level of circulating T cells. This study thus provides a possible mechanism for the limited specific antibody production and lymphopenia in individuals with lethal hemorrhagic fever infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Fausther-Bovendo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - George Giorgi Babuadze
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hiva Azizi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jannie Pedersen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gary Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School 27 of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mohammed M, Devnarain N, Elhassan E, Govender T. Exploring the applications of hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticles for diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1799. [PMID: 35485247 PMCID: PMC9539990 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) has become a topic of significant interest in drug delivery research due to its excellent properties, including biosafety, biodegradability, and nonimmunogenicity. Moreover, due to its ease of modification, HA can be used to prepare several HA‐based nanosystems using various approaches. These approaches involve conjugating/grafting of hydrophobic moieties, polyelectrolytes complexation with cationic polymers, or surface modification of various nanoparticles using HA. These nanoparticles are able to selectively deliver antibacterial drugs or diagnostic molecules into the site of infections. In addition, HA can bind with overexpressed cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) receptors in macrophages and also can be degraded by a family of enzymes called hyaluronidase (HAase) to release drugs or molecules. By binding with these receptors or being degraded at the infection site by HAase, HA‐based nanoparticles allow enhanced and targeted antibacterial delivery. Herein, we present a comprehensive and up‐to‐date review that highlights various techniques of preparation of HA‐based nanoparticles that have been reported in the literature. Furthermore, we also discuss and critically analyze numerous types of HA‐based nanoparticles that have been employed in antibacterial delivery to date. This article offers a critical overview of the potential of HA‐based nanoparticles to overcome the challenges of conventional antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial infections. Moreover, this review identifies further avenues of research for developing multifunctional and biomimetic HA‐based nanoparticles for the treatment, prevention, and/or detection of pathogenic bacteria. This article is categorized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahir Mohammed
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nikita Devnarain
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Eman Elhassan
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Choudhary R. Sepsis Management, Controversies, and Advancement in Nanotechnology: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e22112. [PMID: 35308665 PMCID: PMC8918265 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a potentially dangerous infection that requires prompt identification and treatment. Emergency medicine physicians must grasp the clinical signs and laboratory results of direct and indirect organ failure, the source of infection management, and the criteria for treating sepsis and septic shock. The pathogenesis of sepsis is connected to inflammation and an excess of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which activate the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-PRR signaling pathways. The development of rapid, sensitive, and precise techniques for sepsis diagnosis might be aided by nanotechnology, a part of nanomedicine. Nanoparticles (NPs) such as magnetic NPs, gold NPs, fluorescent (silica and quantum dots), and lipid-based NPs have all been discussed to contribute to the detection of sepsis-related microbial infections. Because of the intrinsic and unique features of these nano-sized systems, researchers are evaluating nanotechnology-based alternatives for sepsis control. Recent advances in nanotechnology-based technologies for sepsis detection and management are discussed in this study. Databases (PubMed, Medline, PMC, Google Scholar) were used to source various studies that were carried out on sepsis in terms of assessment, types, diagnosis, and treatment controversies, with more attention being given with a focus on the most recent data, principles, and management guidelines. Priority was also given to studies published within the last 11 years, using keywords such as "sepsis guidelines," "sepsis clinical," "septic risk factors," "sepsis and nano technology," "nano particles," "sepsis controversies," and "nano diagnostic" in the search. After a filtration process, the eight most relevant studies were selected to be included in this review. The filtration process included the use of both inclusion and exclusion criteria. The excluded studies were pediatric populations, obstetrical populations, and nanotechnology advancements dealing with other fields not relating to sepsis. The selected studies were also undertaken through a quality appraisal process using corresponding assessment tools. The selected articles were all highly informative about sepsis and the processes of diagnosis and treatment that are currently in use as well as those that are still being developed or implemented. Furthermore, we look at how nanomedicine in the application of nanomaterials can be employed to efficiently manage sepsis.
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lncRNA IGF2-AS Regulates Nucleotide Metabolism by Mediating HMGA1 to Promote Pyroptosis of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Sepsis Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9369035. [PMID: 35082972 PMCID: PMC8786475 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9369035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Sepsis is one of the major causes of death worldwide, and its high mortality and pathological complexity hinder early accurate diagnosis. We aimed to investigate lncRNA IGF2-AS and HMGA1 effects on pyroptosis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in sepsis patients and the mechanisms involved. Methods Blood samples from sepsis patients and healthy subjects were collected, and EPCs were isolated and identified. We constructed cell lines that knocked down lncRNA IGF2-AS, HMGA1, and TYMS. Furthermore, lncRNA IGF2-AS was overexpressed. Subsequently, dNTP treatment with different concentrations was performed to investigate lncRNA IGF2-AS and HMGA1 effects on pyroptosis of EPCs in sepsis patients. Finally, exosomes were isolated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to detect lncRNA IGF2-AS expression, and the influence of MSC-derived exosomal lncRNA IGF2-AS on sepsis was preliminarily discussed. Results Compared with Healthy group, lncRNA IGF2-AS, HMGA1, and TYMS were highly expressed in Sepsis group. Compared with si-NC group, si-lncRNA IGF2-AS group had increased proliferation ability, decreased pyroptosis, decreased HMGA1, RRM2, TK1, and TYMS expressions. lncRNA IGF2-AS played a regulatory role by binding HMGA1. Compared with si-NC group, the proliferation ability of si-HMGA1 group increased, pyroptosis decreased, and RRM2, TK1, and TYMS expressions also decreased. Compared with si-NC group, pyroptosis in si-TYMS group was reduced. In addition, HMGA1 was related and bound to TYMS. After overexpressing lncRNA IGF2-AS, dNTP level decreased, while the proliferation increased and pyroptosis decreased with higher concentration of dNTP. In addition, we found that EPCs took up MSC-exosomes. Compared with supernatant group, lncRNA IGF2-AS was expressed in exosomes group. Compared with EPCs group, EPCs+exosomes group had increased lncRNA IGF2-AS expression and increased pyroptosis. Conclusions lncRNA IGF2-AS regulated nucleotide metabolism by mediating HMGA1 to promote pyroptosis of EPCs in sepsis patients. This study provided important clues for finding new therapeutic targets for sepsis.
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Shi Y, Zhu ML, Wu Q, Huang Y, Xu XL, Chen W. The Potential of Drug Delivery Nanosystems for Sepsis Treatment. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:7065-7077. [PMID: 34984019 PMCID: PMC8702780 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s339113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a major immune response disorder caused by infection, with very high incidence and mortality rates. In the clinic, sepsis and its complications are mainly controlled and treated with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant drugs. However, these treatments have some shortcomings, such as rapid metabolism and severe side effects. The emergence of drug delivery nanosystems can significantly improve tissue permeability, prolong drugs' circulation time, and reduce side effects. In this paper, we reviewed recent drug delivery nanosystems designed for sepsis treatment based on their mechanisms (anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant). Although great progress has been made recently, clinical practice transformation is still very difficult. Therefore, we also discussed key obstacles, including tissue distribution, overcoming bacterial resistance, and single treatment modes. Finally, a rigorous optimization of drug delivery nanosystems is expected to present great potential for sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Lu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wu
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Huang
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China
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Chen P, Wang Q, Wan X, Yang M, Liu C, Xu C, Hu B, Feng J, Luo Z. Wireless electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves by ultrasound-responsive programmable hydrogel nanogenerators for anti-inflammatory therapy in sepsis. NANO ENERGY 2021; 89:106327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
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Nwabuife JC, Pant AM, Govender T. Liposomal delivery systems and their applications against Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113861. [PMID: 34242712 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liposomal delivery systems have been widely explored for targeting superbugs such as S. aureus and MRSA, overcoming antimicrobial resistance associated with conventional dosage forms. They have the significant advantage of delivering hydrophilic and lipophilic antimicrobial agents, either singularly as monotherapy or in combination as combination therapy, due to their bilayers with action-site-specificity, resulting in improved targeting compared to conventional dosage forms. Herein, we present an extensive and critical review of the different liposomal delivery systems employed in the past two decades for the delivery of both antibiotics of different classes and non-antibiotic antibacterial agents, as monotherapy and combination therapy to eradicate infections caused by S. aureus and MRSA. The review also identifies future research and strategies potentiating the applications of liposomal delivery systems against S. aureus and MRSA. This review confirms the potential application of liposomal delivery systems for effective delivery and specific targeting of S. aureus and MRSA infections.
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Şen Karaman D, Pamukçu A, Karakaplan MB, Kocaoglu O, Rosenholm JM. Recent Advances in the Use of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6575-6591. [PMID: 34602819 PMCID: PMC8478671 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s273062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Public awareness of infectious diseases has increased in recent months, not only due to the current COVID-19 outbreak but also because of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) being declared a top-10 global health threat by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019. These global issues have spiked the realization that new and more efficient methods and approaches are urgently required to efficiently combat and overcome the failures in the diagnosis and therapy of infectious disease. This holds true not only for current diseases, but we should also have enough readiness to fight the unforeseen diseases so as to avoid future pandemics. A paradigm shift is needed, not only in infection treatment, but also diagnostic practices, to overcome the potential failures associated with early diagnosis stages, leading to unnecessary and inefficient treatments, while simultaneously promoting AMR. With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials fabricated as multifunctional nano-platforms for antibacterial therapeutics, diagnostics, or both (known as "theranostics") have attracted increasing attention. In the research field of nanomedicine, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with a tailored structure, large surface area, high loading capacity, abundant chemical versatility, and acceptable biocompatibility, have shown great potential to integrate the desired functions for diagnosis of bacterial infections. The focus of this review is to present the advances in mesoporous materials in the form of nanoparticles (NPs) or composites that can easily and flexibly accommodate dual or multifunctional capabilities of separation, identification and tracking performed during the diagnosis of infectious diseases together with the inspiring NP designs in diagnosis of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Şen Karaman
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, 35620, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Pamukçu
- İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Technologies, İzmir, Turkey
| | - M Baran Karakaplan
- İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ozden Kocaoglu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, 35620, Turkey
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
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Yin J, Sun W, Yu X, Xiao X, Li B, Tong Z, Ke L, Mao W, Li W. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus TR08 alleviated intestinal injury and modulated microbiota dysbiosis in septic mice. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:249. [PMID: 34536996 PMCID: PMC8449483 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotics are widely used in intestinal microbiota imbalance caused by sepsis, however, the protective mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to explore protective effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus TR08 on intestinal injury in septic mice. Results The levels of serum inflammatory factors were reduced significantly in septic mice treated with L. rhamnosus TR08. The levels of sIgA in terminal ileum were significantly higher in probiotic treatment group than sepsis group. Intestinal pathological damage in septic mice improved and the expression of tight junction proteins increased after probiotic treatment. Sequencing of fecal microbiota showed that the abundance and diversity of probiotic treatment group were significantly better than those of sepsis group, and beneficial bacteria increased while some bacteria decreased in the phylum level. Conclusion L. rhamnosus TR08 could improve the integrity of intestinal barrier, enhance the intestinal mucosal immunity in septic mice, and rebalance the intestinal microecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Yin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 225001, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xianqiang Yu
- Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojia Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baiqiang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihui Tong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Ke
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjian Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 225001, China.
| | - Weiqin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 225001, China. .,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Chen L, Huang Q, Zhao T, Sui L, Wang S, Xiao Z, Nan Y, Ai K. Nanotherapies for sepsis by regulating inflammatory signals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: New insight for treating COVID-19. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102046. [PMID: 34174559 PMCID: PMC8205260 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused up to 127 million cases of COVID-19. Approximately 5% of COVID-19 patients develop severe illness, and approximately 40% of those with severe illness eventually die, corresponding to more than 2.78 million people. The pathological characteristics of COVID-19 resemble typical sepsis, and severe COVID-19 has been identified as viral sepsis. Progress in sepsis research is important for improving the clinical care of these patients. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of sepsis have led to the view that an uncontrolled inflammatory response and oxidative stress are core factors. However, in the traditional treatment of sepsis, it is difficult to achieve a balance between the inflammation, pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and fungi), and patient tolerance, resulting in high mortality of patients with sepsis. In recent years, nanomaterials mediating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and the inflammatory response have shown previously unattainable therapeutic effects on sepsis. Despite these advantages, RONS and inflammatory response-based nanomaterials have yet to be extensively adopted as sepsis therapy. To the best of our knowledge, no review has yet discussed the pathogenesis of sepsis and the application of nanomaterials. To help bridge this gap, we discuss the pathogenesis of sepsis related to inflammation and the overproduction RONS, which activate pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-PRR signaling pathways. We also summarize the application of nanomaterials in the treatment of sepsis. As highlighted here, this strategy could synergistically improve the therapeutic efficacy against both RONS and inflammation in sepsis and may prolong survival. Current challenges and future developments for sepsis treatment are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410087, Hunan, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410087, Hunan, China
| | - Lihua Sui
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zuoxiu Xiao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yayun Nan
- Geriatric Medical Center, Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Kelong Ai
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Lim J, Lee YY, Choy YB, Park W, Park CG. Sepsis diagnosis and treatment using nanomaterials. Biomed Eng Lett 2021; 11:197-210. [PMID: 34277115 PMCID: PMC8274966 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-021-00200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening reaction that occurs when the body's severe response to an infection damages the host's own tissues. Sepsis has been globally recognized as a fatal disease. Rapid treatment of sepsis requires prompt identification, administering antibiotics, careful hemodynamic support, and treating the cause of the infection. Clinical outcomes of sepsis depend on early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Unfortunately, current sepsis diagnosis and treatment, such as polymerase chain reaction-based assay, blood culture assay, and antibiotic therapy, are ineffective; consequently, sepsis-related mortality remains high and increases antimicrobial resistance. To overcome this challenge, nanotechnology, which involves engineering at a nanoscale, is used for diagnosing and treating sepsis. Preclinical models have shown protective effects and potential utility in managing septic shock. Furthermore, nanotechnology treatments based on diverse materials result in the effective treatment of sepsis, improving the survival rate. In this review, we present an overview of the recent research advancements in nanotechnology to diagnose and treat sepsis with a brief introduction to sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Park
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi 14662 Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
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Yang X, Ye W, Qi Y, Ying Y, Xia Z. Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria Through Antibiotics Delivery in Surface-Engineered Nano-Cargos: Recent Developments for Future Nano-Antibiotics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:696514. [PMID: 34307323 PMCID: PMC8297506 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.696514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent few decades, the increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has reached an alarming rate and caused serious health problems. The incidence of infections due to MDR bacteria has been accompanied by morbidity and mortality; therefore, tackling bacterial resistance has become an urgent and unmet challenge to be properly addressed. The field of nanomedicine has the potential to design and develop efficient antimicrobials for MDR bacteria using its innovative and alternative approaches. The uniquely constructed nano-sized antimicrobials have a predominance over traditional antibiotics because their small size helps them in better interaction with bacterial cells. Moreover, surface engineering of nanocarriers offers significant advantages of targeting and modulating various resistance mechanisms, thus owe superior qualities for overcoming bacterial resistance. This review covers different mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, application of nanocarrier systems in drug delivery, functionalization of nanocarriers, application of functionalized nanocarriers for overcoming bacterial resistance, possible limitations of nanocarrier-based approach for antibacterial delivery, and future of surface-functionalized antimicrobial delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongni Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Liu G, Jiang C, Lin X, Yang Y. Point-of-care detection of cytokines in cytokine storm management and beyond: Significance and challenges. VIEW 2021; 2:20210003. [PMID: 34766163 PMCID: PMC8242812 DOI: 10.1002/viw.20210003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are signaling molecules between cells in immune system. Cytokine storm, due to the sudden acute increase in levels of pro‐inflammatory circulating cytokines, can result in disease severity and major‐organ damage. Thus, there is urgent need to develop rapid, sensitive, and specific methods for monitoring of cytokines in biology and medicine. Undoubtedly, point‐of‐care testing (POCT) will provide clinical significance in disease early diagnosis, management, and prevention. This review aims to summarize and discuss the latest technologies for detection of cytokines with a focus on POCT. The overview of diseases resulting from imbalanced cytokine levels, such as COVID‐19, sepsis and other cytokine release syndromes are presented. The clinical cut‐off levels of cytokine as biomarkers for different diseases are summarized. The challenges and perspectives on the development of cytokine POCT devices are also proposed and discussed. Cytokine POCT devices are expected to be the ongoing spotlight of disease management and prevention during COVID‐19 pandemic and also the post COVID‐19 pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen 518172 P.R. China.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford Oxford OX3 9DU United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoting Lin
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life and Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen 518172 P.R. China
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Leong K, Gaglani B, Khanna AK, McCurdy MT. Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Sepsis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030311. [PMID: 33803628 PMCID: PMC8003067 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis management demands early diagnosis and timely treatment that includes source control, antimicrobial therapy, and resuscitation. Currently employed diagnostic tools are ill-equipped to rapidly diagnose sepsis and isolate the offending pathogen, which limits the ability to offer targeted and lowest-toxicity treatment. Cutting edge diagnostics and therapeutics in development may improve time to diagnosis and address two broad management principles: (1) source control by removing the molecular infectious stimulus of sepsis, and (2) attenuation of the pathological immune response allowing the body to heal. This review addresses novel diagnostics and therapeutics and their role in the management of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Leong
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Bhavita Gaglani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Section on Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest University Hospital, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (B.G.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Ashish K. Khanna
- Department of Anesthesiology, Section on Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest University Hospital, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (B.G.); (A.K.K.)
- Department of Outcomes Research, Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michael T. McCurdy
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Correspondence:
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