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Liu Y, Ai H. Current research update on group B streptococcal infection related to obstetrics and gynecology. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1395673. [PMID: 38953105 PMCID: PMC11215423 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1395673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococcal (GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterium that is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and urogenital tract. GBS infestation during pregnancy is a significant contributor to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. This article aims to discuss the infectious diseases caused by GBS in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, as well as the challenges associated with the detection, treatment, and prevention of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Ai
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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Quaresma LS, Santos RCV, Gomes GC, Américo MF, Campos GM, Laguna JG, Barroso FAL, Azevedo V, de Jesus LCL. Multidrug resistance profile in Lactobacillus delbrueckii: a food industry species with probiotic properties. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:235. [PMID: 38850338 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii, a widely used lactic acid bacterium in the food industry, has been studied for its probiotic properties and reservoir of antibiotic-resistant genes, raising safety concerns for probiotic formulations and fermented products. This review consolidates findings from 60 articles published between 2012 and 2023, focusing on the global antibiotic resistance profile and associated genetic factors in L. delbrueckii strains. Resistance to aminoglycosides, particularly streptomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin, as well as resistance to glycopeptides (vancomycin), fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin), and tetracyclines was predominant. Notably, although resistance genes have been identified, they have not been linked to mobile genetic elements, reducing the risk of dissemination. However, a significant limitation is the insufficient exploration of responsible genes or mobile elements in 80% of studies, hindering safety assessments. Additionally, most articles originated from Asian and Middle Eastern countries, with strains often isolated from fermented dairy foods. Therefore, these findings underscore the necessity for comprehensive analyses of new strains of L. delbrueckii for potential industrial and biotherapeutic applications and in combating the rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Silva Quaresma
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Camargos Gomes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Monique Ferrary Américo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Munis Campos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guimarães Laguna
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Sobel JD, Vempati YS. Bacterial Vaginosis and Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Pathophysiologic Interrelationship. Microorganisms 2024; 12:108. [PMID: 38257934 PMCID: PMC10820109 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the infectious causes of vulvovaginal symptoms, bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) dominate. Apart from infrequent mixed infections, both are considered independent and caused by unrelated pathogenic mechanisms. Clinical experience, however, is strongly suggestive that in some populations these infections are linked with recurrent BV (RBV) serving as the dominant etiopathogenic trigger for development of recurrent VVC (RVVC) with profound clinical and therapeutic consequences. The biologic basis for this critical interrelationship is discussed and suggests that as a consequence of BV dysbiosis, and not necessarily because of antibiotics prescribed, immune defenses are compromised, neutralizing vaginal yeast tolerance. The consequent BV-induced vaginal proinflammatory environment predisposes to mixed infection or consecutive episodes of post-treatment VVC. Recurrent BV and repeated antimicrobial drug exposure also predispose to acquired fluconazole resistance in C. albicans isolates, contributing to refractory vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack D. Sobel
- C.S. Mott Center for Growth and Human Development, 275 E. Hancock St, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yogitha Sai Vempati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
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Greenfield KG, Harlow OS, Witt LT, Dziekan EM, Tamar CR, Meier J, Brumbaugh JE, Levy ER, Knoop KA. Neonatal intestinal colonization of Streptococcus agalactiae and the multiple modes of protection limiting translocation. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2379862. [PMID: 39042143 PMCID: PMC11268251 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2379862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a predominant pathogen of neonatal sepsis, commonly associated with early-onset neonatal sepsis. GBS has also been associated with cases of late-onset sepsis potentially originating from the intestine. Previous findings have shown GBS can colonize the infant intestinal tract as part of the neonatal microbiota. To better understand GBS colonization dynamics in the neonatal intestine, we collected stool and milk samples from prematurely born neonates for identification of potential pathogens in the neonatal intestinal microbiota. GBS was present in approximately 10% of the cohort, and this colonization was not associated with maternal GBS status, delivery route, or gestational weight. Interestingly, we observed the relative abundance of GBS in the infant stool negatively correlated with maternal IgA concentration in matched maternal milk samples. Using a preclinical murine model of GBS infection, we report that both vertical transmission and direct oral introduction resulted in intestinal colonization of GBS; however, translocation beyond the intestine was limited. Finally, vaccination of dams prior to breeding induced strong immunoglobulin responses, including IgA responses, which were associated with reduced mortality and GBS intestinal colonization. Taken together, we show that maternal IgA may contribute to infant immunity by limiting the colonization of GBS in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lila T. Witt
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jane E. Brumbaugh
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emily R. Levy
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Knoop
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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