1
|
Kita K, Gawinowska M, Chełmińska M, Niedoszytko M. The Role of Exhaled Breath Condensate in Chronic Inflammatory and Neoplastic Diseases of the Respiratory Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7395. [PMID: 39000502 PMCID: PMC11242091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the most common chronic respiratory diseases. Chronic inflammation of the airways leads to an increased production of inflammatory markers by the effector cells of the respiratory tract and lung tissue. These biomarkers allow the assessment of physiological and pathological processes and responses to therapeutic interventions. Lung cancer, which is characterized by high mortality, is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Current screening methods and tissue biopsies have limitations that highlight the need for rapid diagnosis, patient differentiation, and effective management and monitoring. One promising non-invasive diagnostic method for respiratory diseases is the assessment of exhaled breath condensate (EBC). EBC contains a mixture of volatile and non-volatile biomarkers such as cytokines, leukotrienes, oxidative stress markers, and molecular biomarkers, providing significant information about inflammatory and neoplastic states in the lungs. This article summarizes the research on the application and development of EBC assessment in diagnosing and monitoring respiratory diseases, focusing on asthma, COPD, and lung cancer. The process of collecting condensate, potential issues, and selected groups of markers for detailed disease assessment in the future are discussed. Further research may contribute to the development of more precise and personalized diagnostic and treatment methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kita
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marika Gawinowska
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Chełmińska
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Niedoszytko
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Fu G, Zhang C, Wu Y, Guo H, Li W, Zeng X. Blood miRNAs as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2024; 19:981-993. [PMID: 38715982 PMCID: PMC11075695 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s457172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Investigate the efficacy of blood microRNAs (miRNAs) as diagnostic biomarkers for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Patients and Methods We conducted a comprehensive search in English and Chinese databases, selecting studies based on predetermined criteria. Diagnostic parameters like summarized sensitivity (SSEN), summarized specificity (SSPE), summarized positive likelihood ratio (SPLR), summarized negative likelihood ratio (SNLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves were analyzed using a bivariate model. Each parameter was accompanied by a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Eighteen high-quality studies were included. For diagnosing COPD with blood miRNAs, the SSEN was 0.83 (95% CI 0.76-0.89), SSPE 0.76 (95% CI 0.70-0.82), SPLR 3.50 (95% CI 2.66-4.60), SNLR 0.22 (95% CI 0.15-0.33), DOR 15.72 (95% CI 8.58-28.77), and AUC 0.86 (95% CI 0.82-0.88). In acute exacerbations, SSEN was 0.85 (95% CI 0.76-0.91), SSPE 0.80 (95% CI 0.73-0.86), SPLR 4.26 (95% CI 3.05-5.95), SNLR 0.19 (95% CI 0.12-0.30), DOR 22.29 (95% CI 11.47-43.33), and AUC 0.89 (95% CI 0.86-0.91). Conclusion Blood miRNAs demonstrate significant accuracy in diagnosing COPD, both in general and during acute exacerbations, suggesting their potential as reliable biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 61005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxia Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 61005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunrong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 61005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wu
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 61005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 61005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 61005, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou J, Du JY, Xu R, Wu XJ, Zhang GY. Reduced miR-513a-5p expression in COPD may regulate airway mucous cell hyperplasia through TFR1-dependent signaling. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024; 40:139-149. [PMID: 37916742 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway mucous cell metaplasia and mucous hypersecretion is one of the key characteristic pathophysiological status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). micro(mi)RNAs are acknowledged as non-encoding RNA molecules playing important roles in gene expression regulation. In this study, we searched the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for the differentially expressed miRNAs between COPD and non-COPD controls with bioinformatics analysis. Finally, we focused on miR-513a-5p and investigated the potential mechanism by which miR-513a-5p regulates airway mucous hypersecretion and goblet cell metaplasia. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was then showing that miR-513a-5p targeted the 3'-UTR of TFR1 and inhibited its expression in vitro. In vivo transfection demonstrated that TFR1 downregulation partially blocked MUC5AC hypersecretion and goblet cell hyperplasia in COPD model rats. In vitro study, CSE increased the intracellular expression and secretion of MUC5AC by BEAS-2B branchial epithelial cells in the BEAS-2B cell and THP-1 cell coculture system. Coculture with either miR-513a-5p mimic-pretreated or TFR1-deficient THP-1 cells attenuated intracellular MUC5AC expression in BEAS-2B cells exposed to CSE. ELISA demonstrated that transfection of TFR1 siRNA or pretreatment with miR-513a-5p mimic reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors that are responsible for airway goblet cell hyperplasia, such as IL-1β, IL-13, and IL-17, by THP-1 cells after CSE stimulation. Our findings supported that miR-513a-5p/TFR1 signaling axis might activate macrophages as well as promote airway inflammation and airway mucous cell hyperplasia in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yi Du
- Standardized Training Base For Resident Physician, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Sheng Y, Gao Y, Lin Y, Cheng B, Li H, Zhang L, Xu H. Exploration of the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Caused by Smoking-Based on Bioinformatics Analysis and In Vitro Experimental Evidence. TOXICS 2023; 11:995. [PMID: 38133396 PMCID: PMC10747869 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by smoking-based on bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experimental evidence. The GEO, GEO2R, TargetScan, miRDB, miRWalk, DAVID, and STRING databases were used for bioinformatics analysis. The mRNA expression and the protein levels were determined by real-time PCR and ELISA. After taking the intersection of the diversified results of the databases, four differentially expressed miRNAs (hsa-miR-146a, hsa-miR-708, hsa-miR-150, and hsa-miR-454) were screened out. Subsequently, a total of 57 target genes of the selected miRNAs were obtained. The results of DAVID analysis showed that the selected miRNAs participated in COPD pathogenesis through long-term potentiation, the TGF-β signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, etc. The results of STRING prediction showed that TP53, EP300, and MAPK1 were the key nodes of the PPI network. The results of the confirmatory experiment showed that, compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of ZEB1, MAPK1, EP300, and SP1 were up-regulated, while the expression of MYB was down-regulated and the protein levels of ZEB1, MAPK1, and EP300 were increased. Taken together, miRNAs (hsa-miR-146a, hsa-miR-708, hsa-miR-150, and hsa-miR-454) and their regulated target genes and downstream protein molecules (ZEB1, EP300, and MAPK1) may be closely related to the pathological process of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China (Y.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Xi’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Yuxin Sheng
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China (Y.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yanrong Gao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China (Y.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yujia Lin
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China (Y.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China (Y.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China (Y.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
- The Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of the Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China (Y.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Haiming Xu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China (Y.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pan W, An S, Dai L, Xu S, Liu D, Wang L, Zhang R, Wang F, Wang Z. Identification of Potential Differentially-Methylated/Expressed Genes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD 2023; 20:44-54. [PMID: 36655999 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2022.2158324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. DNA methylation can regulate gene expression. Understanding the potential molecular mechanism of COPD is of great importance. The aim of this study was to find differentially methylated/expressed genes in COPD. DNA methylation and gene expression profiles in COPD were downloaded from the dataset, followed by functional analysis of differentially-methylated/expressed genes. The potential diagnostic value of these differentially-methylated/expressed genes was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Expression validation of differentially-methylated/expressed genes was performed by in vitro experiment and extra online datasets. Totally, 81 hypermethylated-low expression genes and 121 hypomethylated-high expression genes were found in COPD. Among which, 9 core hypermethylated-low expression genes (CD247, CCR7, CD5, IKZF1, SLAMF1, IL2RB, CD3E, CD7 and IL7R) and 8 core hypomethylated-high expression genes (TREM1, AQP9, CD300LF, CLEC12A, NOD2, IRAK3, NLRP3 and LYZ) were identified in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Moreover, these genes had a potential diagnostic utility for COPD. Some signaling pathways were identified in COPD, including T cell receptor signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, hematopoietic cell lineage, HTLV-I infection, endocytosis and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. In conclusion, differentially-methylated/expressed genes and involved signaling pathways are likely to be associated with the process of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyuan An
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fengliang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zongling Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang F, Yang B, Qiao J, Bai L, Li Z, Sun W, Liu Q, Yang S, Cui L. Serum exosomal microRNA-1258 may as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18332. [PMID: 37884583 PMCID: PMC10603088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) has a high mortality rate. However, there is no efficiency biomarker for diagnosing AECOPD. The purpose of this study was to find biomarkers that can quickly and accurately diagnose AECOPD.45 normal controls (NC), 42 patients with stable COPD (SCOPD), and 66 patients with AECOPD were enrolled in our study. Serum exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifuge and verified by morphology and specific biomarkers. Fluorescent quantitation polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of micro RNAs (miRNAs), including miR-660-5p, miR-1258, miR-182-3p, miR-148a-3p, miR-27a-5p and miR-497-5p in serum exosomes and serum. Logistic regression and machine learning methods were used to constructed the diagnostic models of AECOPD. The levels of miR-1258 in the patients with AECOPD were higher than other groups (p < 0.001). The ability of exosomal miR-1258 (AUC = 0.851) to identify AECOPD from SCOPD was superior to other biomarkers, and the combination of exosomal miR-1258 and NLR can increase the AUC to 0.944, with a sensitivity of 81.82%, and specificity of 97.62%. The cross-validation of the models displayed that the logistic regression model based on exosomal miR-1258, NLR and neutrophil count had the best accuracy (0.880) in diagnosing AECOPD from SCOPD. The three most correlated biomarkers with serum exosome miR-1258 were neutrophil count (r = 0.57, p < 0.001), WBC (r = 0.50, p < 0.001) and serum miR-1258 (r = 0.33, p < 0.001). In conclusion, serum exosomal miR-1258 is associated with inflammation, and can be used as a valuable and reliable biomarker for the diagnosis of AECOPD, and the establishment of diagnostic model based on miR-1258, NLR and neutrophils count can help to improving the accuracy of AECOPD diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Qiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlu Bai
- Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liyan Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Christopoulou ME, Papakonstantinou E, Stolz D. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043786. [PMID: 36835197 PMCID: PMC9966421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that degrade proteins of the extracellular matrix and the basement membrane. Thus, these enzymes regulate airway remodeling, which is a major pathological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Furthermore, proteolytic destruction in the lungs may lead to loss of elastin and the development of emphysema, which is associated with poor lung function in COPD patients. In this literature review, we describe and appraise evidence from the recent literature regarding the role of different MMPs in COPD, as well as how their activity is regulated by specific tissue inhibitors. Considering the importance of MMPs in COPD pathogenesis, we also discuss MMPs as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in COPD and present evidence from recent clinical trials in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elpida Christopoulou
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-761-270-37050
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He Y, Dong L, Yi H, Zhang L, Shi X, Su L, Gan B, Guo R, Wang Y, Luo Q, Li X. Improper preanalytical processes on peripheral blood compromise RNA quality and skew the transcriptional readouts of mRNA and LncRNA. Front Genet 2023; 13:1091685. [PMID: 36685907 PMCID: PMC9845260 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1091685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic reprogramming caused by disease states in other tissues is always systemically reflected in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Accurate transcriptional readouts of Messenger RNA (mRNA) and Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in peripheral blood leukocytes are fundamental for disease-related study, diagnosis and treatment. However, little is known about the impact of preanalytical variables on RNA quality and downstream messenger RNA and Long non-coding RNA readouts. In this study, we explored the impact of RNA extraction kits and timing of blood placement on peripheral blood leukocyte-derived RNA quality. A novel enhanced evaluation system including RNA yields, purity, RNA integrity number (RIN) values and β-actin copies was employed to more sensitively identify RNA quality differences. The expression levels of informative mRNAs and Long non-coding RNAs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) were measured by Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to investigate the impact of RNA quality on transcriptional readouts. Our results showed that the quality of RNA extracted by different kits varies greatly, and commercial kits should be evaluated and managed before batch RNA extraction. In addition, the quality of extracted RNA was highly correlated with the timing of blood placement, and the copy number of β-actin was significantly decreased after leaving blood at RT over 12 h. More importantly, compromised RNA leads to skewed transcriptional readouts of informative mRNAs and Long non-coding RNAs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or triple-negative breast cancer. These findings have significant implications for peripheral blood leukocyte-derived RNA quality management and suggest that quality control is necessary prior to the analysis of patient messenger RNA and Long non-coding RNA expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinli He
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lele Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongyang Yi
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Linpei Zhang
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Shi
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Su
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baoyu Gan
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruirui Guo
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Xiaojiao Li, ; Qinying Luo, ; Yawen Wang,
| | - Qinying Luo
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Xiaojiao Li, ; Qinying Luo, ; Yawen Wang,
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- BioBank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Xiaojiao Li, ; Qinying Luo, ; Yawen Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kazemian S, Ahmadi R, Ferns GA, Rafiei A, Azadegan-Dehkordi F, Khaledifar A, Mohammad-Rezaei M, Bagheri N. Correlation of miR-24-3p and miR-595 expression with CCL3, CCL4, IL1-beta, TNFalphaIP3, and NF-kappaBIalpha genes in PBMCs of patients with coronary artery disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:1184-1195. [PMID: 36381642 PMCID: PMC9650696 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation has been well recognized to play an important role in developing coronary artery disease (CAD). By regulating essential genes in this pathway post-transcriptionally, MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may help or hinder the development of atherosclerotic lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of miR-24-3p, miR-595, CCL3, CCL4, IL-1β, TNFαIP3, and NF-κBIα in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CAD and control groups and to examine whether any correlation exists between the expression of miRs and genes in CAD group. A total of 168 subjects (84 CAD subjects and 84 control subjects) were examined in this research. Expression levels of miR-24-3p, miR-595, CCL3, CCL4, IL-1β, TNFαIP3, and NF-κBIα in PBMCs were measured using the real-time PCR technique. A comparison of the CAD group with the control group indicated significantly increased expression levels of CCL3, CCL4, and IL-1β (Fold Change (FC)=4, P=0.009; FC=2.9, P=0.01; FC=1.8, P=0.019, respectively) and remarkably reduced expression levels of TNFαIP3 and NF-κBIα (FC=-1.4, P=0.03 and FC=-5.9, P=0.001, respectively). Moreover, the expression levels of miR-24-3p downregulated (FC=-2.5, P=0.005) and miR-595 upregulated (FC=1.9, P=0.009) in the CAD group. There was a statistical correlation between the number of clogged arteries with expression levels of miR-24-3p, miR-595, CCL3, CCL4, IL-1β, TNFαIP3, and NF-κBIα in the CAD group. Also, there was a statistical correlation between expression levels of miR-24-3p and miR-595 with CCL3, CCL4, IL-1β, TNFαIP3, and NF-κBIα gene expression in the CAD group. In CAD patients, decreased expression of miR-24-3p and increased expression of miR-595 may aid the progression of atherosclerotic plaques by regulating CCL3, CCL4, IL-1β, TNFαIP3, and NF-κBIα gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakiba Kazemian
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Ali Rafiei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azadegan-Dehkordi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Arsalan Khaledifar
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mina Mohammad-Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Nader Bagheri, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Tel: +989181731073, Fax: +98-3813330709, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li F, Wan DW, Hu J, Qin R. Effect of artificial skin membrane on the expression of miR-155 and miR-506-3p in patients with second-degree burns. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24564. [PMID: 35949047 PMCID: PMC9459302 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of artificial skin on the expression of miR-155 and miR-506-3p in patients with second-degree burns. METHODS The study subjects included 50 patients with second-degree burns treated from July 2019 to July 2021. The control group received routine nursing, while the research group received both routine and artificial skin intervention simultaneously. The changes in wound tissue fibrosis and prognosis were observed. The expression levels of miR-155 and miR-506-3p and their downstream regulatory factors were detected and correlated with the rehabilitation of patients after artificial skin treatment. RESULTS After treating second-degree burns with artificial skin membranes, the patient's wound tissue fibrosis and inflammation level improved. At the same time, the expression levels of miR-155 and miR-506-3p in related tests were higher than those in patients with available treatment. CONCLUSION The effect of artificial skin membrane on the wound healing of second-degree burn patients may be realized by influencing the expression levels of miR-155 and miR-506-3p and their related signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of EmergencyXuancheng People's HospitalXuanchengChina
| | - Dong Wu Wan
- Department of EmergencyXuancheng People's HospitalXuanchengChina
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of EmergencyXuancheng People's HospitalXuanchengChina
| | - Runhe Qin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang YC, Lu S, Zhou XJ, Yang L, Liu P, Zhang L, Hu Y, Dong XZ. miR-1273h-5p suppresses CXCL12 expression and inhibits gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:930-946. [PMID: 35647303 PMCID: PMC9113083 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the biological function of miR-1273h-5p in gastric cancer (GC) and its underlying mechanisms. The differential expression of microRNAs between GC and tumor-adjacent normal tissues was detected using microarrays, miR-1273h-5p, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) mRNA, and protein levels were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting methods, cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and transwell assay. Compared to tumor-adjacent normal tissue and gastric epithelial mucosa cell line cells, miR-1273h-5p was significantly downregulated in tissues and cells of GC. The overexpression of miR-1273h-5p could inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promote cell apoptosis; in contrast, inhibition of miR-1273h-5p expression could reverse this process. Moreover, a significant upregulation of CXCL12 was observed when the miR-1273h-5p was downregulated in GC cells. Additionally, miR-1273h-5p significantly reduces tumor volume and weight. Thus, this study suggests that miR-1273h-5p regulates cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis during GC progression by directly binding to CXCL12 mRNA 3′-untranslational regions, which may be a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target in GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Song Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.,College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.,College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 FuXing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xian-Zhe Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang C, Gu S, Kang X. CircRNA circ_0006892 regulates miR-24/PHLPP2 axis to mitigate cigarette smoke extract-induced bronchial epithelial cell injury. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:735-748. [PMID: 33734482 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic airway disorder mainly resulted from cigarette smoke exposure. The dysregulated circular RNAs (circRNAs) are relevant to the pathogenesis of COPD. This study aims to explore the function and mechanism of circRNA hsa_circ_0006892 (circ_0006892) in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced bronchial epithelial injury. The lung tissues were collected from 17 nonsmokers and 23 smokers with COPD. The bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B and 16HBE) were stimulated via CSE. Circ_0006892, microRNA-24 (miR-24), and PH domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2) abundances were examined via a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. Cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammatory response were assessed via cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The target relationship of miR-24 and circ_0006892 or PHLPP2 was tested via dual-luciferase reporter analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down. Circ_0006892 expression was reduced in lung tissues of smokers with COPD and CSE-stimulated bronchial epithelial cells. Circ_0006892 overexpression alleviated CSE-induced viability reduction and promotion of apoptosis and inflammatory response. MiR-24 was bound via circ_0006892, and miR-24 overexpression reversed the effect of circ_0006892 on CSE-induced injury. PHLPP2 was targeted via miR-24, and miR-24 knockdown mitigated CSE-induced viability reduction and promotion of apoptosis and inflammatory response via regulating PHLPP2. Circ_0006892 could promote PHLPP2 expression via regulating miR-24. Circ_0006892 attenuated CSE-induced bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis and inflammatory response via regulating miR-24/PHLPP2 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangshuang Gu
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuwen Kang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fathinavid A, Mousavian Z, Najafi A, Nematzadeh S, Salimi M, Masoudi-Nejad A. Identifying common signatures and potential therapeutic biomarkers in COPD and lung cancer using miRNA-mRNA co-expression networks. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
14
|
The role of microRNAs in COVID-19 with a focus on miR-200c. J Circ Biomark 2022; 11:14-23. [PMID: 35356072 PMCID: PMC8939267 DOI: 10.33393/jcb.2022.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Epigenetics is a quickly spreading scientific field, and the study of epigenetic regulation in various diseases such as infectious diseases is emerging. The microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) as one of the types of epigenetic processes bind to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and regulate their stability and/or translation. This study aims to evaluate non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a focus on miR-200c in COVID-19. In this review, we first define the epigenetics and miRNAs, and then the role of miRNAs in diseases focusing on lung diseases is explained. Finally, in this study, we will investigate the role and position of miRNAs with a focus on miR-200c in viral and severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) infections. Methods: Systematic search of MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted for all relative papers from 2000 to 2021 with the limitations of the English language. Finally, we selected 128 articles which fit the best to our objective of study, among which 5 articles focused on the impact of miR-200c. Results: Due to the therapeutic results of various drugs in different races and populations, epigenetic processes, especially miRNAs, are important. The overall results showed that different types of miRNAs can be effective on the process of various lung diseases through different target pathways and genes. It is likely that amplified levels of miR-200c may lead to decreased angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) expression, which in turn may increase the potential of infection, inflammation, and the complications of coronavirus disease. Conclusion: miR-200c and its correlation with ACE2 can be used as early prognostic and diagnostic markers.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang X, Shi Q, Xiong L, Shi S, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang M. Clinical relevance of miR-423-5p levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100102. [PMID: 36162367 PMCID: PMC9513109 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine changes in miRNAs expression profile of COPD patients. METHODS Thirty-six COPD patients as well as thirty-three healthy volunteers were recruited. Total RNAs were collected from the plasma of each participant. The differentially expressed miRNAs in COPD were screened from the GEO database. RT-qPCR was carried out to detect miRNA expression. RESULTS In total, 9 out of 55 miRNAs were expressed differentially in COPD patients. Confirmed by RT-qPCR validation, 6 miRNAs increased while 3 miRNAs decreased. Further analysis of miR-423-5p, which has not been reported in COPD, showed that AUC for the diagnosis of COPD was 0.9651, and miR-423-5p levels was inversely correlated with the duration of smoking. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that miR-423-5p is a potential marker for identifying COPD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Respiratory Department, ChongQing TongLiang People's Hospital, ChongQing, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Respiratory Department, ChongQing TongLiang People's Hospital, ChongQing, China
| | - Lu Xiong
- Respiratory Department, ChongQing TongLiang People's Hospital, ChongQing, China
| | - Shiye Shi
- Respiratory Department, ChongQing TongLiang People's Hospital, ChongQing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Respiratory Department, ChongQing TongLiang People's Hospital, ChongQing, China
| | - Yanhuan Wang
- Emergency Department, ChongQing TongLiang People's Hospital, ChongQing, China
| | - Mingchuan Zhang
- Respiratory Department, ChongQing TongLiang People's Hospital, ChongQing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaur G, Maremanda KP, Campos M, Chand HS, Li F, Hirani N, Haseeb MA, Li D, Rahman I. Distinct Exosomal miRNA Profiles from BALF and Lung Tissue of COPD and IPF Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111830. [PMID: 34769265 PMCID: PMC8584050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are chronic, progressive lung ailments that are characterized by distinct pathologies. Early detection biomarkers and disease mechanisms for these debilitating diseases are lacking. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are small, lipid-bound vesicles attributed to carry proteins, lipids, and RNA molecules to facilitate cell-to-cell communication under normal and diseased conditions. Exosomal miRNAs have been studied in relation to many diseases. However, there is little to no knowledge regarding the miRNA population of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or the lung-tissue-derived exosomes in COPD and IPF. Here, we determined and compared the miRNA profiles of BALF- and lung-tissue-derived exosomes of healthy non-smokers, smokers, and patients with COPD or IPF in independent cohorts. Results: Exosome characterization using NanoSight particle tracking and TEM demonstrated that the BALF-derived exosomes were ~89.85 nm in size with a yield of ~2.95 × 1010 particles/mL in concentration. Lung-derived exosomes were larger in size (~146.04 nm) with a higher yield of ~2.38 × 1011 particles/mL. NGS results identified three differentially expressed miRNAs in the BALF, while there was one in the lung-derived exosomes from COPD patients as compared to healthy non-smokers. Of these, miR-122-5p was three- or five-fold downregulated among the lung-tissue-derived exosomes of COPD patients as compared to healthy non-smokers and smokers, respectively. Interestingly, there were a large number (55) of differentially expressed miRNAs in the lung-tissue-derived exosomes of IPF patients compared to non-smoking controls. Conclusions: Overall, we identified lung-specific miRNAs associated with chronic lung diseases that can serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (G.K.); or (K.P.M.)
| | - Krishna Prahlad Maremanda
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (G.K.); or (K.P.M.)
| | - Michael Campos
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Hitendra S. Chand
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Feng Li
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (F.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Nikhil Hirani
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (F.L.); (N.H.)
| | - M. A. Haseeb
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA;
| | - Dongmei Li
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI), Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (G.K.); or (K.P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-585-275-6911
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shen W, Wang S, Wang R, Zhang Y, Tian H, Yang X, Wei W. Analysis of the polarization states of the alveolar macrophages in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease samples based on miRNA-mRNA network signatures. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1333. [PMID: 34532470 PMCID: PMC8422127 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Multiple gene expression studies have been performed to investigate the biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, few studies have related COPD to macrophage cells. Methods The gene expression levels of clinical samples of COPD smokers (COPD; n=6), healthy smokers (Smoke; n=11), and never smokers (Never; n=4) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository of GSE124180. The expression levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in macrophage cells of M0 (n=7), M1 (n=7), and M2 (n=7) were downloaded from the GEO repository of GSE46903 and GSE51307. Differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were identified by edgeR and GEO2R, with an adjusted P value <0.05 and |log2fold change (FC)| ≥1 chosen as the cut-off threshold. The potential target genes of miRNA were identified using miRanda (v3.3a) and TargetScan (v6.0) with default settings. Gene Ontology (GO) and Reactome pathway analyses were performed. Results The composition of macrophages was quite different between COPD, Never, and Smoke samples. The proportion of M1 cells was lower than that of M0 and M2 cells in Smokers and COPD samples. Most of the genes specifically up-regulated in M1 are related to inflammation/immunity. The expression levels of miR-30a-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-20b-5p, miR-199b-5p, and miR-301b-3p in M1 macrophages were all lower than that of M0. Their expression levels in M2 macrophages compared with M1 varied, with higher expression in miR-30a-5p, miR-20b-5p, and lower expression in miR-200c-3p, and miR-301b-3p. The mRNAs of the fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1), cardiotrophin like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1), phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), coagulation factor III, and tissue factor (F3) were dysregulated in COPD and macrophage cells. Conclusions The present study mined the miRNA-mRNA signature which might play an essential role in COPD and macrophage polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shen
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shukun Wang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruili Wang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Tian
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Matamala N, Lara B, Gómez-Mariano G, Martínez S, Vázquez-Domínguez I, Otero-Sobrino Á, Muñoz-Callejas A, Sánchez E, Esquinas C, Bustamante A, Cadenas S, Curi S, Lázaro L, Martínez MT, Rodríguez E, Miravitlles M, Torres-Duran M, Herrero I, Michel FJ, Castillo S, Hernández-Pérez JM, Blanco I, Casas F, Martínez-Delgado B. miR-320c Regulates SERPINA1 Expression and Is Induced in Patients With Pulmonary Disease. Arch Bronconeumol 2021; 57:457-463. [PMID: 35698951 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2020.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic condition resulting in lung and liver disease with a great clinical variability. MicroRNAs have been identified as disease modifiers; therefore miRNA deregulation could play an important role in disease heterogeneity. Members of miR-320 family are involved in regulating of multiple processes including inflammation, and have potential specific binding sites in the 3'UTR region of SERPINA1 gene. In this study we explore the involvement of miR-320c, a member of this family, in this disease. METHODS Firstly in vitro studies were carried out to demonstrate regulation of SERPINA1 gene by miR-320. Furthermore, the expression of miR-320c was analyzed in the blood of 98 individuals with different AAT serum levels by using quantitative PCR and expression was correlated to clinical parameters of the patients. Finally, HL60 cells were used to analyze induction of miR-320c in inflammatory conditions. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-320 members in human HepG2 cells led to inhibition of SERPINA1 expression. Analysis of miR-320c expression in patient's samples revealed significantly increased expression of miR-320c in individuals with pulmonary disease. Additionally, HL60 cells treated with the pro-inflammatory factor lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed increase in miR-320c expression, suggesting that miR-320c responds to inflammation. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that miR-320c inhibits SERPINA1 expression in a hepatic cell line and its levels in blood are associated with lung disease in a cohort of patients with different AAT serum levels. These results suggest that miR-320c can play a role in AAT regulation and could be a biomarker of inflammatory processes in pulmonary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Matamala
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lara
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Coventry University Hospital, Coventry, UK
| | - Gema Gómez-Mariano
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Selene Martínez
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Vázquez-Domínguez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Otero-Sobrino
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Callejas
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Esquinas
- Registro Español de pacientes con déficit de alfa-1 antitripsina (REDAAT), Fundación Española de Pulmón, Respira, SEPAR, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Bustamante
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Sierrallana, Torrelavega, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Sergio Cadenas
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sergio Curi
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Lázaro
- Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Esther Rodríguez
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Torres-Duran
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, EOXI Vigo, Pneumovigo I+i, IIS Galicia Sur, Spain
| | - Inés Herrero
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Castillo
- Unidad de Neumología infantil y Fibrosis quística, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Blanco
- Registro Español de pacientes con déficit de alfa-1 antitripsina (REDAAT), Fundación Española de Pulmón, Respira, SEPAR, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Casas
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Delgado
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shen Y, Wang L, Wu Y, Ou Y, Lu H, Yao X. A novel diagnostic signature based on three circulating exosomal mircoRNAs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:717. [PMID: 34007326 PMCID: PMC8120666 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRNAs or miRs) have demonstrated diagnostic value in various diseases. However, their diagnostic value in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has yet to be fully established. The purpose of the present study was to screen differentially expressed exo-miRNAs in the plasma of patients with COPD and healthy individuals and to evaluate their potential diagnostic value in COPD. Differentially expressed exo-miRNAs in the plasma of patients with COPD and controls were identified using high-throughput sequencing and confirmed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Bioinformatics analysis was then performed to predict the function of the selected exo-miRNAs and their target genes in COPD. After a network model was constructed, linear regression analysis was performed to determine the association between exo-miRNA expression and the clinical characteristics of subjects in a validated cohort (46 COPD cases; 34 matched healthy controls). Receiver operating characteristic curve was subsequently plotted to test the diagnostic value of the candidate biomarkers. The top 20 significantly aberrantly expressed COPD-associated exo-miRNAs were verified using RT-qPCR. Of these, nine were then selected for subsequent analysis, five of which were found to be upregulated (miR-23a, miR-1, miR-574, miR-152 and miR-221) and four of which were downregulated (miR-3158, miR-7706, miR-685 and miR-144). The results of Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these miRNAs were mainly involved in certain biological functions, such as metabolic processes, such as galactose metabolism and signaling pathways (PI3K-AKT) associated with COPD. The expression levels of three exo-miRNAs (miR-23a, miR-221 and miR-574) were found to be negatively associated with the forced expiratory volume in the 1st second/forced vital capacity. Furthermore, the area under the curve values of the three exo-miRNAs (miR-23a, miR-221 and miR-574) for COPD diagnosis were 0.776 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.669-0.882], 0.688 (95% CI, 0.563-0.812) and 0.842 (95% CI, 0.752-0.931), respectively. In conclusion, the three circulating exosomal miRNAs (miR-23a, miR-221 and miR-574) may serve as novel circulating biomarkers for the diagnosis of COPD. These results may also enhance our understanding and provide novel potential treatment options for patients with COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yunhui Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yingwei Ou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Huiyu Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xia H, Wu Y, Zhao J, Li W, Lu L, Ma H, Cheng C, Sun J, Xiang Q, Bian T, Liu Q. The aberrant cross-talk of epithelium-macrophages via METTL3-regulated extracellular vesicle miR-93 in smoking-induced emphysema. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:167-183. [PMID: 33660100 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS), a complex chemical indoor air pollutant, induces degradation of elastin, resulting in emphysema. Aberrant cross-talk between macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells is essential for the degradation of elastin that contributes to emphysema, in which extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a critical role. The formation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a modification in miRNA processing, but its role in the development of emphysema remains unclear. Here, we established that production of excess mature microRNA-93 (miR-93) in bronchial epithelial cells via enhanced m6A modification was mediated by overexpressed methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) induced by CS. Mature miR-93 was transferred from bronchial epithelial cells into macrophages by EVs. In macrophages, miR-93 activated the JNK pathway by targeting dual-specificity phosphatase 2 (DUSP2), which elevated the levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) and induced elastin degradation, leading to emphysema. These results demonstrate that METTL3-mediated formation of EV miR-93, facilitated by m6A, is implicated in the aberrant cross-talk of epithelium-macrophages, indicating that this process is involved in the smoking-related emphysema. EV miR-93 may use as a novel risk biomarker for CS-induced emphysema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xia
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Li
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyong Xiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Bian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun S, Shen Y, Wang J, Li J, Cao J, Zhang J. Identification and Validation of Autophagy-Related Genes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:67-78. [PMID: 33469280 PMCID: PMC7811454 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s288428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Autophagy plays essential roles in the development of COPD. We aim to identify and validate the potential autophagy-related genes of COPD through bioinformatics analysis and experiment validation. Methods The mRNA expression profile dataset GSE38974 was obtained from GEO database. The potential differentially expressed autophagy-related genes of COPD were screened by R software. Then, protein–protein interactions (PPI), correlation analysis, gene-ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were applied for the differentially expressed autophagy-related genes. Finally, RNA expression of top five differentially expressed autophagy-related genes was validated in blood samples from COPD patients and healthy controls by qRT-PCR. Results A total of 40 differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (14 up-regulated genes and 26 down-regulated genes) were identified between 23 COPD patients and 9 healthy controls. The PPI results demonstrated that these autophagy-related genes interacted with each other. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed autophagy-related genes indicated several enriched terms related to autophagy and mitophagy. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of HIF1A, CDKN1A, BAG3, ERBB2 and ATG16L1 in COPD patients and healthy controls were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis results from mRNA microarray. Conclusion We identified 40 potential autophagy-related genes of COPD through bioinformatics analysis. HIF1A, CDKN1A, BAG3, ERBB2 and ATG16L1 may affect the development of COPD by regulating autophagy. These results may expand our understanding of COPD and might be useful in the treatment of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinna Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cañas JA, Rodrigo-Muñoz JM, Sastre B, Gil-Martinez M, Redondo N, del Pozo V. MicroRNAs as Potential Regulators of Immune Response Networks in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:608666. [PMID: 33488613 PMCID: PMC7819856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are an important factor of morbidity and mortality, accounting for approximately 6% of total deaths worldwide. The main CRDs are asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These complex diseases have different triggers including allergens, pollutants, tobacco smoke, and other risk factors. It is important to highlight that although CRDs are incurable, various forms of treatment improve shortness of breath and quality of life. The search for tools that can ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment is crucial. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs and have been described as promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for CRDs. They are implicated in multiple processes of asthma and COPD, regulating pathways associated with inflammation, thereby showing that miRNAs are critical regulators of the immune response. Indeed, miRNAs have been found to be deregulated in several biofluids (sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, and serum) and in both structural lung and immune cells of patients in comparison to healthy subjects, showing their potential role as biomarkers. Also, miRNAs play a part in the development or termination of histopathological changes and comorbidities, revealing the complexity of miRNA regulation and opening up new treatment possibilities. Finally, miRNAs have been proposed as prognostic tools in response to both conventional and biologic treatments for asthma or COPD, and miRNA-based treatment has emerged as a potential approach for clinical intervention in these respiratory diseases; however, this field is still in development. The present review applies a systems biology approach to the understanding of miRNA regulatory networks in asthma and COPD, summarizing their roles in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A. Cañas
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Rodrigo-Muñoz
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sastre
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Martinez
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Redondo
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria del Pozo
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Omote N, Sauler M. Non-coding RNAs as Regulators of Cellular Senescence in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:603047. [PMID: 33425948 PMCID: PMC7785852 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.603047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a cell fate implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cellular senescence occurs in response to cellular stressors such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, telomere shortening, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Whether these stresses induce cellular senescence or an alternative cell fate depends on the type and magnitude of cellular stress, but also on intrinsic factors regulating the cellular stress response. Non-coding RNAs, including both microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are key regulators of cellular stress responses and susceptibility to cellular senescence. In this review, we will discuss cellular mechanisms that contribute to senescence in IPF and COPD and highlight recent advances in our understanding of how these processes are influenced by non-coding RNAs. We will also discuss the potential therapeutic role for targeting non-coding RNAs to treat these chronic lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Omote
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Maor Sauler
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cazorla-Rivero S, Mura-Escorche G, Gonzalvo-Hernández F, Mayato D, Córdoba-Lanús E, Casanova C. Circulating miR-1246 in the Progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Patients from the BODE Cohort. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:2727-2737. [PMID: 33149570 PMCID: PMC7605612 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s271864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COPD is characterized by a persistent inflammatory response, especially against cigarette smoke. COPD patients may develop varying degrees of emphysematous destruction of the lungs. A pathophysiological role for miRNAs in COPD has been suggested in several studies. We examined changes in microRNAs expression profile during 10 years follow-up in relation to COPD progression. Methods Clinical and lung function parameters were registered from every subject included in the study. miRNAs expression was determined in 14 serum samples from 7 patients in two moments (4 smokers with COPD (BODE cohort) and 3 smokers without COPD) by next generation sequencing (NGS) at baseline and after 10 years follow-up. A validation study was performed by qPCR in 20 patients with COPD (13 emphysema-diagnosed by CTscan) and 10 smoker controls at baseline and after 10 years follow-up. hsa-miRNA-20a-5p and hsa-let-7d-5p were used as endogenous controls. Results A total of 198 miRNAs (≥10TPM) were identified by NGS. Between these, hsa-miR-1246 was found significantly downregulated in COPD patients after 10 years when compared to baseline (p<0.0001, FDR=0.05). Seventy-five percent of these patients had an emphysema diagnose. In the validation analysis, when analyzed longitudinally, hsa-miR-1246 was significantly downregulated in COPD patients with emphysema after 10 years (p= 0.019). However, no association was found between the expression of miR-1246 and any other lung function parameters (FEV1, PaO2, DLCO, IC/TLC) within the follow-up period. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed miR-1246 to be associated with target genes in several pathways involved in COPD/emphysema development. Conclusion Our findings suggest that hsa-miR-1246 may act as a biomarker of emphysema in COPD. Functional analysis is guaranteed to elucidate its role in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cazorla-Rivero
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Glorian Mura-Escorche
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Delia Mayato
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Córdoba-Lanús
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ciro Casanova
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tan BWQ, Sim WL, Cheong JK, Kuan WS, Tran T, Lim HF. MicroRNAs in chronic airway diseases: Clinical correlation and translational applications. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105045. [PMID: 32590100 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single-stranded RNAs that have pivotal roles in disease pathophysiology through transcriptional and translational modulation of important genes. It has been implicated in the development of many diseases, such as stroke, cardiovascular conditions, cancers and inflammatory airway diseases. There is recent evidence that miRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and could help to distinguish between T2-low (non-eosinophilic, steroid-insensitive) versus T2-high (eosinophilic, steroid-sensitive) disease endotypes. As these are the two most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases globally, with rising disease burden, miRNA research might lead to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Research involving miRNAs in airway disease is challenging because: (i) asthma and COPD are heterogeneous inflammatory airway diseases; there are overlapping but distinct inter- and intra-disease differences in the immunological pathophysiology, (ii) there exists more than 2000 known miRNAs and a single miRNA can regulate multiple targets, (iii) differential effects of miRNAs could be present in different cellular subtypes and tissues, and (iv) dysregulated miRNA expression might be a direct consequence of an indirect effect of airway disease onset or progression. As miRNAs are actively secreted in fluids and remain relatively stable, they have the potential for biomarker development and therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the preclinical data on potential miRNA biomarkers that mediate different pathophysiological mechanisms in airway disease. We discuss the framework for biomarker development using miRNA and highlight the need for careful patient characterization and endotyping in the screening and validation cohorts, profiling both airway and blood samples to determine the biological fluids of choice in different disease states or severity, and adopting an untargeted approach. Collaboration between the various stakeholders - pharmaceutical companies, laboratory professionals and clinician-scientists is crucial to reduce the difficulties and cost required to bring miRNA research into the translational stage for airway diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce W Q Tan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Liang Sim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jit Kong Cheong
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Win Sen Kuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Thai Tran
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Fang Lim
- Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Matamala N, Lara B, Gómez-Mariano G, Martínez S, Vázquez-Domínguez I, Otero-Sobrino Á, Muñoz-Callejas A, Sánchez E, Esquinas C, Bustamante A, Cadenas S, Curi S, Lázaro L, Martínez MT, Rodríguez E, Miravitlles M, Torres-Duran M, Herrero I, Michel FJ, Castillo S, Hernández-Pérez JM, Blanco I, Casas F, Martínez-Delgado B. miR-320c Regulates SERPINA1 Expression and Is Induced in Patients With Pulmonary Disease. Arch Bronconeumol 2020; 57:S0300-2896(20)30084-3. [PMID: 32439252 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic condition resulting in lung and liver disease with a great clinical variability. MicroRNAs have been identified as disease modifiers; therefore miRNA deregulation could play an important role in disease heterogeneity. Members of miR-320 family are involved in regulating of multiple processes including inflammation, and have potential specific binding sites in the 3'UTR region of SERPINA1 gene. In this study we explore the involvement of miR-320c, a member of this family, in this disease. METHODS Firstly in vitro studies were carried out to demonstrate regulation of SERPINA1 gene by miR-320. Furthermore, the expression of miR-320c was analyzed in the blood of 98 individuals with different AAT serum levels by using quantitative PCR and expression was correlated to clinical parameters of the patients. Finally, HL60 cells were used to analyze induction of miR-320c in inflammatory conditions. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-320 members in human HepG2 cells led to inhibition of SERPINA1 expression. Analysis of miR-320c expression in patient's samples revealed significantly increased expression of miR-320c in individuals with pulmonary disease. Additionally, HL60 cells treated with the pro-inflammatory factor lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed increase in miR-320c expression, suggesting that miR-320c responds to inflammation. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that miR-320c inhibits SERPINA1 expression in a hepatic cell line and its levels in blood are associated with lung disease in a cohort of patients with different AAT serum levels. These results suggest that miR-320c can play a role in AAT regulation and could be a biomarker of inflammatory processes in pulmonary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Matamala
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lara
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Coventry University Hospital, Coventry, UK
| | - Gema Gómez-Mariano
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Selene Martínez
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Vázquez-Domínguez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Otero-Sobrino
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Callejas
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Esquinas
- Registro Español de pacientes con déficit de alfa-1 antitripsina (REDAAT), Fundación Española de Pulmón, Respira, SEPAR, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Bustamante
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Sierrallana, Torrelavega, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Sergio Cadenas
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sergio Curi
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Lázaro
- Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Esther Rodríguez
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Torres-Duran
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, EOXI Vigo, Pneumovigo I+i, IIS Galicia Sur, Spain
| | - Inés Herrero
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Castillo
- Unidad de Neumología infantil y Fibrosis quística, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Blanco
- Registro Español de pacientes con déficit de alfa-1 antitripsina (REDAAT), Fundación Española de Pulmón, Respira, SEPAR, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Casas
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Delgado
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sundar IK, Li D, Rahman I. Small RNA-sequence analysis of plasma-derived extracellular vesicle miRNAs in smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as circulating biomarkers. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1684816. [PMID: 31762962 PMCID: PMC6848892 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1684816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a vital role in normal lung physiology to maintain homeostasis in the airways via intercellular communication. EVs include exosomes and microvesicles, and are characterized by their phospholipid bilayers. EVs have been recognized as novel circulating biomarkers of disease, which are released by different cell types. In this study, we used different EV isolation and purification methods to characterize the plasma-derived EV miRNAs from non-smokers, smokers and patients with COPD. A small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) approach was adapted to identify novel circulating EV miRNAs. We found that plasma-derived EVs from non-smokers, smokers and patients with COPD vary in their size, concentration, distribution and phenotypic characteristics as confirmed by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and immunoblot analysis of EV surface markers. RNA-seq analysis confirmed the most abundant types of small RNAs, such as miRNAs, tRNAs, piRNAs snRNAs, snoRNAs and other biotypes in plasma-derived EVs. We mainly focused on miRNAs as novel biomarkers in smokers and patients with COPD for further analysis. Differential expression by DESeq2 identified distinct miRNA profiles (up-regulated: miR-22-3p, miR-99a-5p, miR-151a-5p, miR-320b, miR-320d; and down-regulated: miR-335-5p, miR-628-3p, miR-887-5p and miR-937-3p) in COPD versus smokers or non-smokers in a pairwise comparison. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of differentially expressed miRNAs revealed the top pathways, gene ontology and diseases associated with smokers and patients with COPD. We selectively validated miRNAs in EVs isolated from BEAS-2B cells treated with cigarette smoke extract by quantitative PCR analysis. For the first time, we report that plasma-derived EV miRNAs are novel circulating pulmonary disease biomarkers. Thus, molecular profiling of EV miRNAs has great translational potential for the development of biomarkers that may be used in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Low miR-150-5p and miR-320b Expression Predicts Reduced Survival of COPD Patients. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101162. [PMID: 31569706 PMCID: PMC6848926 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with an increased risk of death, reducing life expectancy on average between 5 and 7 years. The survival time after diagnosis, however, varies considerably as a result of the heterogeneity of COPD. Therefore, markers that predict individual survival of COPD patients are of great value. We analyzed baseline molecular profiles and collected 54 months of follow-up data of the cohort study “COPD and SYstemic consequences-COmorbidities NETwork” (COSYCONET). Genome-wide microRNA signatures from whole blood collected at time of the inclusion in the study were generated for 533 COPD patients including patients that deceased during the 54-month follow-up period (n = 53) and patients that survived this period (n = 480). We identified two blood-born microRNAs (miR-150-5p and miR-320b) that were highly predictive for survival of COPD patients. The expression change was then confirmed by RT-qPCR in 245 individuals. Ninety percent of patients with highest expression of miR-150-5p survived the 54-month period in contrast to only 50% of patients with lowest expression intensity. Moreover, the abundance of the oncogenic miR-150-5p in blood of COPD patients was predictive for the development of cancer. Thus, molecular profiles measured at the time of a COPD diagnosis have a high predictive power for the survival of patients.
Collapse
|
29
|
Kapellos TS, Bonaguro L, Gemünd I, Reusch N, Saglam A, Hinkley ER, Schultze JL. Human Monocyte Subsets and Phenotypes in Major Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2035. [PMID: 31543877 PMCID: PMC6728754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human monocytes are divided in three major populations; classical (CD14+CD16−), non-classical (CD14dimCD16+), and intermediate (CD14+CD16+). Each of these subsets is distinguished from each other by the expression of distinct surface markers and by their functions in homeostasis and disease. In this review, we discuss the most up-to-date phenotypic classification of human monocytes that has been greatly aided by the application of novel single-cell transcriptomic and mass cytometry technologies. Furthermore, we shed light on the role of these plastic immune cells in already recognized and emerging human chronic diseases, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung fibrosis, lung cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Our aim is to provide an insight into the contribution of human monocytes to the progression of these diseases and highlight their candidacy as potential therapeutic cell targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodore S Kapellos
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Bonn, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Bonaguro
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ioanna Gemünd
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nico Reusch
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Bonn, Germany
| | - Adem Saglam
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emily R Hinkley
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), Bonn, Germany.,Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Guo G, Wang H, Shi X, Ye L, Wu K, Lin K, Ye S, Li B, Zhang H, Lin Q, Ye S, Xue X, Chen C. NovelmiRNA-25 inhibits AMPD2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and represents a promising novel biomarker. J Transl Med 2018; 16:370. [PMID: 30577810 PMCID: PMC6303892 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic autoimmune disease with various clinical manifestations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and immunometabolism are recognized as key elements in SLE pathogenesis; however, the relationship between miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and metabolism in SLE remains unclear. Methods We detected PBMC miRNA and mRNA profiles from 3 pooled SLE patients and 3 healthy controls (HCs) using next-generation sequencing, predicted miRNA targets in dysregulated mRNAs, predicted functions and interactions of differentially expressed genes using bioinformatics analysis, validated candidate miRNAs using qRT-PCR, and investigated the association between the expression of candidate miRNAs and SLE clinical characteristics. Moreover, we validated the direct and transcriptional regulatory effect of NovelmiRNA-25 on adenosine monophosphate deaminase 2 (AMPD2) using a dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blot and confirmed AMPD2 mRNA and protein expression in PBMCs using qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Results Multilayer integrative analysis of microRNA and mRNA regulation showed that 10 miRNAs were down-regulated and 19 miRNAs were up-regulated in SLE patient PBMCs compared with HCs. Bioinformatics analysis of regulatory networks between miRNAs and mRNAs showed that 19 miRNAs were related to metabolic processes. Two candidate miRNAs, NovelmiRNA-25 and miR-1273h-5p, which were significantly increased in the PBMCs of SLE patients (P < 0.05), represented diagnostic biomarkers with sensitivities of 94.74% and 89.47%, respectively (area under the curve = 0.574 and 0.788, respectively). NovelmiRNA-25 expression in PBMCs was associated with disease activity in SLE patients, in both active and stable groups (P < 0.05). NovelmiRNA-25 overexpression downregulated AMPD2 expression in HEK293T cells through direct targeting of the AMPD2 3ʹUTR (P < 0.01), while inhibition of NovelmiRNA-25 activity led to increased AMPD2 expression (P < 0.01). NovelmiRNA-25 overexpression also downregulated AMPD2 protein expression in HEK293T cells; AMPD2 protein expression in SLE patient PBMCs was decreased. Our results show that differentially expressed miRNAs play an important role in SLE. Conclusions Our data demonstrate a novel mechanism in SLE development that involves the targeting of AMPD2 expression by NovelmiRNA-25. miRNAs may serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and evaluation of disease activity of SLE and represent potential therapeutic targets for this disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1739-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gangqiang Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Huijing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinyu Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Lele Ye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Kangmin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Sisi Ye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Baoqing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Huidi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qiaoai Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Shuang Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Chaosheng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Huang X, Zhu Z, Guo X, Kong X. The roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 67:335-347. [PMID: 30578969 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a progressive and irreversible airflow obstruction, with an abnormal lung function. The etiology of COPD correlates with complex interactions between environmental and genetic determinants. However, the exact pathogenesis of COPD is obscure although it involves multiple aspects including oxidative stress, imbalance between proteolytic and anti-proteolytic activity, immunity and inflammation, apoptosis, and repair and destruction in both airways and lungs. Many genes have been demonstrated to be involved in those pathogenic processes of this disease in patients exposed to harmful environmental factors. Previous reports have investigated promising microRNAs (miRNAs) to disclose the molecular mechanisms for COPD development induced by different environmental exposure and genetic predisposition encounter, and find some potential miRNA biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment targets of COPD. In this review, we summarized the expression profiles of the reported miRNAs from studies of COPD associated with environmental risk factors including cigarette smoking and air pollution exposures, and provided an overview of roles of those miRNAs in the pathogenesis of the disease. We also highlighted the potential utility and limitations of miRNAs serving as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Huang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Zongxin Zhu
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Xiaoran Guo
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stolzenburg LR, Harris A. The role of microRNAs in chronic respiratory disease: recent insights. Biol Chem 2018; 399:219-234. [PMID: 29148977 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases encompass a group of diverse conditions affecting the airways, which all impair lung function over time. They include cystic fibrosis (CF), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, which together affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene repression, are now recognized as major regulators in the development and progression of chronic lung disease. Alterations in miRNA abundance occur in lung tissue, inflammatory cells, and freely circulating in blood and are thought to function both as drivers and modifiers of disease. Their importance in lung pathology has prompted the development of miRNA-based therapies and biomarker tools. Here, we review the current literature on miRNA expression and function in chronic respiratory disease and highlight further research that is needed to propel miRNA treatments for lung disorders towards the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Stolzenburg
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Keller A, Fehlmann T, Ludwig N, Kahraman M, Laufer T, Backes C, Vogelmeier C, Diener C, Biertz F, Herr C, Jörres RA, Lenhof HP, Meese E, Bals R. Genome-wide MicroRNA Expression Profiles in COPD: Early Predictors for Cancer Development. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 16:162-171. [PMID: 29981854 PMCID: PMC6076380 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) significantly increases the risk of developing cancer. Biomarker studies frequently follow a case-control set-up in which patients diagnosed with a disease are compared to controls. Longitudinal cohort studies such as the COPD-centered German COPD and SYstemic consequences-COmorbidities NETwork (COSYCONET) study provide the patient and biomaterial base for discovering predictive molecular markers. We asked whether microRNA (miRNA) profiles in blood collected from COPD patients prior to a tumor diagnosis could support an early diagnosis of tumor development independent of the tumor type. From 2741 participants of COSYCONET diagnosed with COPD, we selected 534 individuals including 33 patients who developed cancer during the follow-up period of 54 months and 501 patients who did not develop cancer, but had similar age, gender and smoking history. Genome-wide miRNA profiles were generated and evaluated using machine learning techniques. For patients developing cancer we identified nine miRNAs with significantly decreased abundance (two-tailed unpaired t-test adjusted for multiple testing P < 0.05), including members of the miR-320 family. The identified miRNAs regulate different cancer-related pathways including the MAPK pathway (P = 2.3 × 10−5). We also observed the impact of confounding factors on the generated miRNA profiles, underlining the value of our matched analysis. For selected miRNAs, qRT-PCR analysis was applied to validate the results. In conclusion, we identified several miRNAs in blood of COPD patients, which could serve as candidates for biomarkers to help identify COPD patients at risk of developing cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Mustafa Kahraman
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Hummingbird Diagnostics GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Laufer
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany; Hummingbird Diagnostics GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Backes
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus Vogelmeier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division for Pulmonary Diseases, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Diener
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Biertz
- Institute for Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf A Jörres
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Chair for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Integrated analysis of non-coding RNAs for the identification of promising biomarkers in interstitial lung diseases. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
35
|
Long Noncoding RNAs and mRNA Regulation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:7501851. [PMID: 29725270 PMCID: PMC5872599 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7501851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated the lncRNA and mRNA expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy nonsmokers, smokers without airflow limitation, and COPD patients. Methods lncRNA and mRNA profiling of PBMCs from 17 smokers and 14 COPD subjects was detected by high-throughput microarray. The expression of dysregulated lncRNAs was validated by qPCR. The lncRNA targets in dysregulated mRNAs were predicted and the GO enrichment was analyzed. The regulatory role of lncRNA ENST00000502883.1 on CXCL16 expression and consequently the effect on PBMC recruitment were investigated by siRNA knockdown and chemotaxis analysis. Results We identified 158 differentially expressed lncRNAs in PBMCs from COPD subjects compared with smokers. The dysregulated expression of 5 selected lncRNAs NR_026891.1 (FLJ10038), ENST00000502883.1 (RP11-499E18.1), HIT000648516, XR_429541.1, and ENST00000597550.1 (CTD-2245F17.3), was validated. The GO enrichment showed that leukocyte migration, immune response, and apoptosis are the main enriched processes that previously reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. The regulatory role of ENST00000502883.1 on CXCL16 expression and consequently the effect on PBMC recruitment was confirmed. Conclusion This study may provide clues for further studies targeting lncRNAs to control inflammation in COPD.
Collapse
|
36
|
Dysregulated Functions of Lung Macrophage Populations in COPD. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2349045. [PMID: 29670919 PMCID: PMC5835245 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2349045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a diverse respiratory disease characterised by bronchiolitis, small airway obstruction, and emphysema. Innate immune cells play a pivotal role in the disease's progression, and in particular, lung macrophages exploit their prevalence and strategic localisation to orchestrate immune responses. To date, alveolar and interstitial resident macrophages as well as blood monocytes have been described in the lungs of patients with COPD contributing to disease pathology by changes in their functional repertoire. In this review, we summarise recent evidence from human studies and work with animal models of COPD with regard to altered functions of each of these myeloid cell populations. We primarily focus on the dysregulated capacity of alveolar macrophages to secrete proinflammatory mediators and proteases, induce oxidative stress, engulf microbes and apoptotic cells, and express surface and intracellular markers in patients with COPD. In addition, we discuss the differences in the responses between alveolar macrophages and interstitial macrophages/monocytes in the disease and propose how the field should advance to better understand the implications of lung macrophage functions in COPD.
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen BB, Li ZH, Gao S. Circulating miR-146a/b correlates with inflammatory cytokines in COPD and could predict the risk of acute exacerbation COPD. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9820. [PMID: 29443743 PMCID: PMC5839872 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the predicting value of miR-146a/b for acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and COPD, and to explore their associations with inflammatory cytokines in AECOPD and stable COPD patients.One hundred six AECOPD, 122 stable COPD patients, and 110 health volunteers with age and sex matched to total COPD patients (AECOPD and stable COPD) were enrolled. Blood samples were collected from all participants. Relative expression of miR-146a/b was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), leukotriene B4 (LTB-4) expression in serum from AECOPD and stable COPD patients were assessed using commercial ELISA kit.Serum levels of miR-146a and miR-146b were down regulated in AECOPD patients compared with stable COPD patients and HCs. miR-146a and miR-146b are of good values for predicting the risk of AECOPD in HCs with AUC of 0.702 and 0.715. Additionally, miR-146a and miR-146b could distinguish AECOPD from stable COPD patients with AUC of 0.670 and 0.643. In AECOPD patients, levels of miR-146a in AECOPD patients were negatively associated with TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and LTE-4 expression. In stable COPD patients, miR-146a expressions were negatively correlated with TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and LTE-4 levels. And, the expressions of miR-146b in AECOPD patients were negatively associated with IL-1β and LTB-4 expression. While in stable COPD patients, miR-146b expressions were only negatively correlated with TNF-α level.In conclusion, miR-146a and miR-146b were negatively correlated with inflammatory cytokines, and could be promising biomarkers for predicting the risk of AECOPD in stable COPD patients and healthy individuals.
Collapse
|
38
|
Mao Z, Shi Y, Cao Q, Chen Y, Sun Y, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Huang M. Transcriptional regulation on the gene expression signature in combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome. Epigenomics 2018; 10:119-131. [PMID: 29334241 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study was intended to evaluate transcriptional regulation of gene expression signatures in combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS). MATERIALS & METHODS The blood samples of three patients with CARAS, three patients with allergic rhinitis and three normal controls were obtained. The cuffdiff, miRDeep2 and DEGseq were used to quantify the expression of genes and miRNAs, respectively. And p-value < 0.01 and false discovery rate < 0.001 were considered as significant differences of genes and miRNAs, respectively. Gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used to analyze the biological function. And the cut-off value for significance was p < 0.05. RESULTS SLC14A1, SNCA, TNS1, KAT2B and PARP1 were regulated by hsa-miR-93-5p, hsa-miR-92a-3p and hsa-miR-21-5p. Additionally, phagosome (p = 0.00627769839083361) was the only significantly enriched signal pathway involving HLA-DOA, TUBB2A and MRC2. CONCLUSION Disordered expression of genes under the regulation of miRNAs may play an important role in CARAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdao Mao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,Departmentof Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yujia Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Departmentof Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|